Hedychium coccineum Buch. Ham. ex Sm. is a perennial rhizomatous herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The aim of the present study was to compare the chemical composition and biological ...activities of H. coccineum rhizome essential oil (HCCRO) and H. coccineum aerial part essential oil (HCCAO). The plant material was subjected to hydro-distillation using Clevenger’s apparatus in order to obtain volatile oil and analyzed for its chemical constituents using GC-MS. The comparative study of the rhizome and aerial part essential oils of H. coccineum displayed that (E)-nerolidol (15.9%), bornyl acetate (13.95%), davanone B (10.9%), spathulenol (8.9%), and 1, 8-cineol (8.5%) contributed majorly to the HCCRO, while 7-hydroxyfarnesen (15.5%), α-farnesene (11.1%), α-pinene (10.9%), spathulenol (7.7%), and β-pinene (6.8%) were present as major constituents in the HCCAO. Both the essential oils were studied for their biological activities, such as nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. The essential oils exhibited significant nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita, insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura, and moderate herbicidal activity against R. raphanistrum sub sp. sativus, and good antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Curvularialunata. Essential oils were also tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Both oils showed good to moderate activity against the tested pathogens. The significant nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of both the essential oils might be helpful for the development of environmentally friendly pesticides that could be an alternative to synthetic pesticides in the future.
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Medicinal and aromatic plants are known to have a number of biologically active compounds. Since ancient times, such plants have been used in ethnopharmacology. A number of medicines have been ...developed from plant origin by researchers and researchers continue to be interested in plant-based medicines. Zingiberaceae is a well-known plant family for such types of medicinal and aromatic plants. Zingiber is the third largest genus of this family and Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe is a medicinal and aromatic Z. roseum is a rhizomatous perennial herbaceous plant of this genus, popularly known as "Rosy Ginger" and "Jangli Adrak," utilized in the Siddha arrangement of medication, and its rhizomes have been used to treat injury, cough, asthma, skin illnesses, gastric ulcers, liver diseases, and heartburn in tradition. It also has ethnopharmacological uses, such as the rhizome of Z. roseum is used for digestion, relieving giddiness, and as a stimulant. Apart from this, it has been reported for several pharmacological activities such as antispasmodic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, etc. Z. roseum is a reservoir of several chemical constituents such as terpenes and terpenoids such as linalool, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol, α- terpineol, etc., phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and ascorbic acid along with important unique constituents such as zerumbone which are responsible for its medicinal and other biological activities. In this review article, we discussed the thorough knowledge published by researchers regarding the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological, and mediational properties of Z. roseum and its botanical descriptions.
Summary The Saharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh has a very high tuberculosis (TB) burden. However, there is no report of adverse drug reaction (ADR) available in patients receiving anti-TB chemotherapy ...in the community. Reporting and monitoring of ADRs among TB patients is still rare in marginalized communities. An observational prospective study was performed from November 2019 to June 2020 to assess the patterns of ADRs in 250 Saharia TB patients, who were prescribed Category-I daily DOTS (HRZE) by the physician. Both male and female participants equally experienced ADR during the treatment, but relatively more females (92.6%) than males (88.6%) reported ADR during Phase I. Out of 250 patients, 224 patients (89.6%) experienced one or more ADRs in Phase I. The central nervous system-related (75.6%) ADR was mostly reported followed by any gastrointestinal (74.4%), cardiovascular (49.2%) and any dermatological related (44.4%) ADRs. It is paramount to timely monitor and proactively manages ADRs pertaining to anti-TB drug treatment with minimal alteration in the treatment course.
The essential oils (OEs) of the leaves, stems, and spikes of
were obtained by hydrodistillation, steam distillation, and simultaneous extraction. The chemical constituents were identified and ...quantified by GC/MS and GC-FID. The preliminary biological activity was determined by assessing the toxicity of the samples to
Leach larvae and calculating the mortality rate and lethal concentration (LC
). The antioxidant activity of the EOs was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging method. Molecular modeling was performed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics, with acetylcholinesterase being the molecular target. The OES yields ranged from 1.49% to 1.83%. The EOs and aromatic constituents of
are characterized by the high contents of (
)-isoosmorhizole (19.4-32.9%), 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone (9.0-19.9%), isoosmorhizole (1.6-24.5%), and 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone isomer (1.6-14.3%). The antioxidant potential was significant in the OE of the leaves and stems of
extracted by SD in November (84.9 ± 4.0 mg TE·mL
) and the OEs of the leaves extracted by HD in March (126.8 ± 12.3 mg TE·mL
). Regarding the preliminary toxicity, the OEs of Pm-SD-L-St-Nov and Pm-HD-L-St-Nov had mortality higher than 80% in concentrations of 25 µg·mL
. This in silico study on essential oils elucidated the potential mechanism of interaction of the main compounds, which may serve as a basis for advances in this line of research.
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Abstract The present study describes chemical composition, phytochemicals, antifungal activities, antioxidant assays and total phenolic content of essential oil and varied polarity solvent extract ...from flowers of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.). Total 27 components were identified in essential oil by GC-MS with terpinen-4-ol (28.6%) and α- terpineol (12.8%) as the main constituent. The essential oil was found to have maximal levels of phenolic content (64.60 μg/mL) as compared to the other extracts. The antioxidant assay evaluated in extracts and essential oil by different methods revealed good-to-moderate antioxidant potential with different IC50 values viz. (188.02 -250.25 μg/mL) in Fe3+ reducing power, (153.15-201.59 μg/mL) in Fe2+ metal-chelating ability, (130.39-181.12 μg/mL) in DPPH, (88.29-187.32 μg/mL) in OH radical, (79.04-156.79 μg/mL), in NO radical and (138.72-233.00 μg/mL) in superoxide anion scavenging activities, respectively. The methanolic extract display remarkable fungicidal activity against the tested pathogens followed by dichloromethane extract, essential oil, hexane extract and petroleum ether extract respectively, with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 500 μg/mL. Based on results, it can be inferred that the flower of A. malaccensis if explored further for its medicinal properties, might be a good source to develop a safe and sustainable natural food preservative.
A comparative study of volatiles, antioxidant activity, phytotoxic activity, as well as in silico molecular docking and ADMET study, was conducted for essential oils from three Vitex species, viz., ...V. agnus-castus, V. negundo, and V. trifolia. Essential oils (OEs) extracted by hydrodistillation were subjected to compositional analysis using GC-MS. A total number of 37, 45, and 43 components were identified in V. agnus-castus, V. negundo, and V. trifolia, respectively. The antioxidant activity of EOs, assessed using different radical-scavenging (DPPH, H2O2 and NO), reducing power, and metal chelating assays, were found to be significant as compared with those of the standards. The phytotoxic potential of the EOs was performed in the receptor species Raphanusraphanistrum (wild radish) and the EOs showed different levels of intensity of seed germination inhibition and root and shoot length inhibition. The molecular docking study was conducted to screen the antioxidant and phytotoxic activity of the major and potent compounds against human protein target, peroxiredoxin 5, and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase protein (HPPD). Results showed good binding affinities and attributed the strongest inhibitory activity to 13-epi-manoyl oxide for both the target proteins.
Abstract Acmella uliginosa, an edible herb belonging to Asteraceae family, was collected from the Terai region of Uttarakhand, India. Methanol and hexane extracts of the whole plant were prepared ...using soxhlet apparatus. The GC-MS analysis of plant extracts identifies 22 and 35 major compounds of methanol and hexane extracts which comprises of 74.21% and 73.20% of the total composition of extracts, respectively. The major compound in hexane was 2, 4-heptadienal (7.99%) whereas trans, trans-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid propyl ester (16.96%) was major compound in methanol extract. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Methanol extract showed higher free radical scavenging and reducing power activities with IC50 value 153.82±1.69 μg/mL and RP50 value of 152.28±0.41 μg/mL, respectively. The metal chelating activity was higher in hexane extract as compared to methanol extract i.e., 62.08±0.25 μg/mL. The anti-inflammatory activity assessed by its ability to inhibit denaturation was higher in methanol having IB50 value 87.33±0.15 µg/mL. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and ortho-dihydric phenol content (ODP) of methanol and hexane extracts were also evaluated. TPC, TFC and ODP was higher in methanol extract having value of 122.23±0.22, 35.01±0.29 and 8±0.86 mg/mL, respectively. Acmella uliginosa, might be considered as a natural source for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils from species of the Myrcia genus and their applications. The compiled results highlight the chemical ...diversity and biological activities of these oils, emphasizing their potential importance for various therapeutic and industrial applications. The findings reveal that Myrcia essential oils present a variety of bioactive compounds, such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which demonstrate antimicrobial activities against a range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeasts. Furthermore, this study highlights the phytotoxic activity of these oils, indicating their potential for weed control. The results also point to the insecticidal potential of Myrcia essential oils against a range of pests, showing their viability as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Additionally, species of the genus Myrcia have demonstrated promising hypoglycemic effects, suggesting their potential in diabetes treatment. This comprehensive synthesis represents a significant advancement in understanding Myrcia essential oils, highlighting their chemical diversity and wide range of biological activities. However, the need for further research is emphasized to fully explore the therapeutic and industrial potential of these oils, including the identification of new compounds, understanding of their mechanisms of action, and evaluation of safety and efficacy in different contexts.
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Abstract The essential oils from the fresh leaves of three Melalecua spp. viz; Melaleuca leucadendron (L.) Melaleuca linariifolia Sm. and Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. growing in Tarai region of ...North India were analyzed by a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The analysis revealed the presence of several constituents of industrial and pharmacological importance. M. leucadendron essential oil was found to be dominated by E-nerolidol (85.7%) rich chemotype. 1,8-cineole (61.1%) along with significant presence of α-terpineol (12.3%), α-pinene (4.0%), β-myrcene (3.8%), and E-caryophyllene (1.7%) were identified in the essential oil from M. linariifolia Similarly M. bracteata was dominated by the presence of phenylpropanoids viz; methyl eugenol (74.8%) and methyl cinnamate (8.0%). The essential oils were studied for their in-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potential. All the oils revealed potential antioxidant activity with maximum in M. bracteata essential oil. All the oils exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium and anti-fungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Exserohilum turcicum and Curvularia lunata. The observations from present study suggest further cultivation of Melaleucas and its commercialization as industrial crops.
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the altitudinal variability in chemical compounds, nematicidal, insecticidal, herbicidal, and antifungal activity of the essential oils of H. ...coronarium collected from four different habitats of Tarai and Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. Essential oils were hydro-distilled from rhizomes of H. coronarium, and their yield varied from 0.05 to 0.25% (v/w). Based on GC-MS analysis, the major compounds observed were 1, 8-cineole (12.21–18.27%), coronarin E (10.20–14%), α-terpineol (5.32–10.13%), terpinen-4-ol (2.20–4.67%), α-pinene (4.90–8.77%), Z-caryophyllene (4.67–12.29%), and linalool (1.96–4.62%). To visually observe the variation in the oil composition profile of essential oils, heat map clustering, Venn diagram, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. To evaluate the pesticidal properties, the essential oils were tested under laboratory conditions. Additionally, significant nematicidal activity was demonstrated by essential oils against Meloidogyne incognita, good insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura, and moderate herbicidal activity on Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, and effective antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Curvularia lunata was observed in the current investigation.
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