Quasi‐2D CsPbI3 perovskites have emerged as excellent candidates for advanced photovoltaic technologies due to their fundamentally enhanced stability than conventional 3D counterparts. However, the ...applications of quasi‐2D perovskites are plagued with their poor out‐of‐plane carrier mobility induced by the intercalated insulating organic layers. In this work, a new strategy is explored to significantly enhance the out‐of‐plane charge transport in quasi‐2D Dion–Jacobson (DJ) CsPbI3 perovskites via leveraging the intercalation of aromatic diamine cations (p‐phenylenediamine, PPDA) with unique π‐conjugated bond based on the first‐principles calculations. The strong interactions between PPDA2+ cations and inorganic Pb‐I framework (i.e., I–I interaction, p‐π coupling, and H‐bonds) provide three carrier pathways to facilitate the out‐of‐plane charge transport. Furthermore, the restricted in‐plane and out‐of‐plane structural distortion induced by the π‐conjugated bond could improve the electronic coupling and charge mobility along the out‐of‐plane direction with reduced bandgaps. As a proof of concept, the calculated average photovoltaic conversion efficiency of such engineered DJ CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells is ≈17%, which is very close to the certificated champion efficiency of 3D α‐CsPbI3, underscoring their potential for solar cell applications.
Application of intercalated π‐conjugated aromatic spacers is proposed as a novel strategy toward engineering quasi‐2D Dion–Jacobson perovskites, which can significantly enhance out‐of‐plane charge transport, with improved stability and reduced bandgap for achieving a photovoltaic conversion efficiency around 17%.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and metastasis in lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Thus, understanding the mechanism of lung cancer metastasis ...will improve the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients. Herein, we found that expression of cluster of differentiation 109 (CD109) was correlated with the invasive and metastatic capacities of lung adenocarcinoma cells. CD109 is upregulated in tumorous tissues, and CD109 overexpression was associated with tumor progression, distant metastasis, and a poor prognosis in patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, expression of CD109 regulates protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling via its association with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibition of CD109 decreases EGFR phosphorylation, diminishes EGF‐elicited activation of AKT/mTOR, and sensitizes tumor cells to an EGFR inhibitor. Taken together, our results show that CD109 is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in lung cancer patients.
CD109 promotes lung cancer metastasis through promoting EGFR‐AKT‐mTOR signaling and CD109 is an independent prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Due to strong anti‐poisoning ability, good emission stability, high emission current density, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) and cerium hexaboride (CeB6) have been maturely applied in electron emission ...emitter. In this paper, a new manufacturing method for LaB6 (or CeB6) powder was proposed by using La2O3 (or CeO2), B4C, and Al as raw materials. After high‐temperature reaction in the range of 1673–1773 K and the following alkaline leaching at 90°C, LaB6 or CeB6 powder with particle size of about 10 μm was obtained. Furthermore, by Al metal flux method, the obtained powder was used to manufacture single crystal block with size of several millimeters.
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Fucoidan is a fucose-rich polysaccharide that has gained attention for its various anticancer properties. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of fucoidan on triple-negative breast cancer ...(TNBC) are still unknown. Herein, we investigated the anticancer potential of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. We found that fucoidan showed modest antiproliferative activity against TNBC cells, while it effectively reduced migratory and invasive capacities. Mechanistically, fucoidan suppressed activation of MAPK and PI3K followed by inhibition of AP-1 and NF-κB signaling in TNBC. Additionally, fucoidan downregulated expressions of proangiogenic factors in TNBC cells, and fucoidan blocked tumor-elicited tube formation by human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). We also observed that fucoidan blocked tumor adhesion and invasion towards HUVECs. Surprisingly, fucoidan robustly suppressed tube formation on HUVECs. Moreover, fucoidan inhibited in vivo angiogenesis and micrometastasis in a transgenic zebrafish model. Together, L. japonica fucoidan exhibits potent antitumor effects by its attenuation of invasiveness and proangiogenesis in TNBC.
•Fucoidan from Laminaria japonica exerts antitumor effects.•Fucoidan suppresses proangiogenesis and micrometastasis in TNBC.•Fucoidan blocks MAPK and PI3K signaling in TNBC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The inevitable crystal growth of Cr2O3 during sintering causes the generation of cracks, which degrades the high‐temperature properties. To solve this, SiO2 is adopted as the second phase and the ...specimens are sintered at 1200‐1500°C under buried carbon condition. The results show that the addition of approximate 20 wt% SiO2 can effectively control the crystal growth of Cr2O3. The Cr2O3 particle size can keep uniform ranging from 4 μm to 12 μm even when the temperature increases to 1500°C. The sintering of Cr2O3 mainly follows the defect model, which depends on the reaction temperatures and atmospheres. This work should also contribute to the sintering of other oxide refractories with controlled crystal size for practical application.
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•Comprehensive and green utilization of vanadium slag was taken into consideration.•Simultaneous extraction of Fe, Mn, V, Cr and Ti was achieved by chlorination.•Chlorination kinetics of Fe, Mn, Cr, ...and V in vanadium slag were investigated.•Mn was separated from chlorinated slag by controlling the electrolytic voltages.•TiO2 was obtained by hydrolysis of TiCl4 from chlorination of vanadium slag.
More than 1.2 million tons of tailings containing approximately 30 wt% of Fe from traditional vanadium extraction processes are discarded every year as solid waste, which waste resources. In order to achieve effective and green utilization of waste, a novel process was proposed to keep Cr and V at Cr3+ and V3+ during extraction by using AlCl3-NaCl-KCl molten salt in Ar gas atmosphere to control the valuable elements (Cr, V, Mn and Fe) from oxidized. The morphological features of vanadium slag reacted in the temperature range from 200 °C to 800 °C and volatilization of samples under different AlCl3/slag ratios were analyzed. Meanwhile, the chlorinated kinetics of V, Cr, Mn and Fe in vanadium slag were systemically investigated in temperature range of 850 °C–950 °C. The kinetics investigation indicated that the chlorination processes of Fe and Mn were restricted by mass transfer in product layer (Al-Si-O mixture) and the chlorination processes of V and Cr were controlled by surface reaction. The apparent activation energies for Fe, Mn, V, and Cr are 105.28 kJ/mol, 94.26 kJ/mol, 64.64 kJ/mol, and 63.30 kJ/mol, respectively. After chlorination, the separation of metal chlorides was achieved. TiCl4 is hydrolyzed to obtain TiO2. Mn can be separated from VCl3, CrCl3, FeCl2, and MnCl2 by controlling the electrolytic voltages. Fe-V-Cr alloy was obtained by electrolysis at 2.3 V.
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Uniform-dispersed Ni nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on reduced graphene oxide (Ni@rGO) catalyzed MgH2 (MH-Ni@rGO) has been fabricated by mechanical milling. The effects of milling time and Ni loading ...amount on the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 have been investigated. The initial hydrogen desorption temperature of MgH2 catalyzed by 10 wt.% Ni4@rGO6 for milling 5 h is significantly decreased from 251 °C to 190 °C. The composite can absorb 5.0 wt.% hydrogen in 20 min at 100 °C, while it can desorb 6.1 wt.% within 15 min at 300 °C. Through the investigation of the phase transformation and dehydrogenation kinetics during hydrogen ab/desorption cycles, we found that the in-situ formed Mg2Ni/Mg2NiH4 exhibited better catalytic effect than Ni. When Ni loading amount is 45 wt.%, the rGO in Ni@rGO catalysts can prevent the reaction of Ni and Mg due to the strong interaction between rGO and Ni NPs.
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Highlights
An ultra-stable all-weather service piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) with a wide operating temperature range (-80~80 ℃) and a wide operating relative humidity range (0~100%) is ...proposed.
The PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC exhibits long-term service stability up to 50 days.
The short circuit current density of PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC is enhanced significantly.
Ultra-stable piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) driven by environmental actuation sources with all-weather service capability is highly desirable. Here, the PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanohole arrays (NHAs) is proposed to harvest ambient energy under low/high temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions. Finite element method simulation of N doped 4H-SiC NHAs in compression mode is developed to evaluate the relationship between nanohole diameter and piezoelectric performance. The density of short circuit current of the assembled PENG reaches 313 nA cm
−2
, which is 1.57 times the output of PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanowire arrays. The enhancement can be attributed to the existence of nanohole sidewalls in NHAs. All-weather service capability of the PENG is verified after being treated at -80/80 ℃ and 0%/100% RH for 50 days. The PENG is promising to be widely used in practice worldwide to harvest biomechanical energy and mechanical energy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The extraction of metal from sulfide mineral is usually accompanied by the emission of sulfur‐containing gas (e.g., SO2), which will cause serious pollution to the environment. In this work, a ...sulfur‐emission free route for preparing ultrafine molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) powder by silicothermic reduction of MoS2 with the desulfurization agent of lime was proposed. The internal MoS2‐Si mixture is wrapped in an external desulfurization layer composed of lime. After the reaction is completed, the prepared MoSi2 can be easily separated from the desulfurization layer by using a non‐chemical method. In addition, when the reaction temperature is higher than 1000°C, almost all S in MoS2 is transformed to sulfur‐containing gas SiS, which can be fully captured by lime to generate CaS, Si, and CaSiO3. For the raw material with a MoS2:Si molar ratio of 1:4, after reacting at 1000, 1100, and 1200°C for 2 h, the average grain sizes of the obtained MoSi2 powder are approximately 100, 300, and 800 nm, respectively. Moreover, when the reaction time is prolonged from 2 to 6 h at 1000°C, the average grain size of the acquired MoSi2 powder is about 200 nm, and the residual sulfur content is about 0.12%. This work provides a new insight to extract metals or metal compounds from sulfide ores without releasing sulfur‐containing gas.
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Anionic living polymerization was used to prepare a diblock copolymer of poly(styrene‐b‐4‐vinyl pyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP), and a phenolic resin with a double‐decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) cage structure ...was used to form a phenolic/DDSQ hybrid (PDDSQ‐30 with 30 wt.% DDSQ). Strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding could be confirmed through the hydroxyl (OH) groups of PDDSQ hybrid with the pyridine group of the P4VP block in PDDSQ‐30/PS‐b‐P4VP blends based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, where increasing PDDSQ concentrations resulted in a higher proportion of hydrogen‐bonded pyridine groups. After thermal polymerization at 180 °C, the self‐assembled structures of these PDDSQ/PS‐b‐P4VP blends were revealed by data from small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where the d‐spacing increased with raising PDDSQ concentration. Because relatively higher thermal stability of the PDDSQ hybrid than pure phenolic resin and PS‐b‐P4VP template, we can obtain the long ranger order of mesoporous PDDSQ hybrids after removing the PS‐b‐P4VP template, which reveals the high surface area and high pore volume with cylindrical and spherical structures corresponding to the PDDSQ compositions that are rarely observed by using pure phenolic resin as the matrix and could be used in supercapacitor application.
Mesoporous PDDSQ hybrids were prepared by using PS‐b‐P4VP as a template by mediated the hydrogen bonding interaction through the hydroxyl (OH) groups of PDDSQ hybrid with the pyridine group of the P4VP block. The highly ordered structures reveal the high surface area and high pore volume that could be used in supercapacitor application.
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