Biological control of
fungus, the causal agent of chestnut blight, by virus infection (hypovirulence) is an effective control strategy against chestnut blight in Europe and some parts of North ...America. The most studied mycovirus is the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) type species of the
family. In this study, the CHV1 virus was studied within some highly infected British isolates of
, gained in the past through co-culture transmissions. The effects of six temperatures (5-30 °C, in 5 °C steps) on six infected isolates (three with viral strain E-5, and other three with viral strain L-18) and their respective negative non-infected controls, three isogenic virulent fungal isolates, were examined. Experiments were performed with the nine isolate types with three replicates on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with cellophane sheets per isolate and temperature. A recently developed rapid, specific, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) screening method was used. This enabled quantifying the concentration (nanograms per microliter or copy numbers) of the virus within each isolate repetition. The presence of the virus had a significant negative effect between 20 and 25 °C on the
growth rate, which was anyway highly influenced by and positively correlated with the temperature. The temperature clearly determined the virus accumulation and its recovery from cold or heat, and the virus optimum temperature was estimated at 15-25 °C.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Biological control of
fungus, causal agent of chestnut blight, by virus infection (hypovirulence) has been shown to be an effective control strategy against chestnut blight in Europe and some parts ...of North America. The most studied mycovirus is the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) type species of the
family. To efficiently provide biocontrol, the virus must be able to induce hypovirulence in its fungal host in chestnut trees. Here, two different CHV-1 subtype I virus strains (E-5 and L-18), gained by transmissions, were tested for their hypovirulence induction, biocontrol potential, and transmission between vegetatively compatible (VCG) and incompatible fungal isolate groups in sweet chestnut seedlings and branches. Both strains of CHV-1 showed great biocontrol potential and could protect trees by efficiently transmitting CHV-1 by hyphal anastomosis between fungal isolates of the same VCG and converting virulent to hypovirulent cankers. The hypovirulent effect was positively correlated with the virus concentration, tested by four different reverse-transcription PCRs, two end-point and two real-time methods, one of which represents a newly developed real-time PCR for the detection and quantification of CHV-1.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Intra-host dynamics are a core component of virus evolution but most intra-host data come from a narrow range of hosts or experimental infections. Gaining broader information on the ...intra-host diversity and dynamics of naturally occurring virus infections is essential to our understanding of evolution across the virosphere. Here we used PacBio long-read HiFi sequencing to characterize the intra-host populations of natural infections of the RNA mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1). CHV1 is a biocontrol agent for the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica), which co-invaded Europe alongside the fungus. We characterized the mutational and haplotypic intra-host virus diversity of thirty-eight natural CHV1 infections spread across four locations in Croatia and Switzerland. Intra-host CHV1 diversity values were shaped by purifying selection and accumulation of mutations over time as well as epistatic interactions within the host genome at defense loci. Geographical landscape features impacted CHV1 inter-host relationships through restricting dispersal and causing founder effects. Interestingly, a small number of intra-host viral haplotypes showed high sequence similarity across large geographical distances unlikely to be linked by dispersal.
Biological control of Cryphonectria parasitica fungus, the causal agent of chestnut blight, by virus infection (hypovirulence) is an effective control strategy against chestnut blight in Europe and ...some parts of North America. The most studied mycovirus is the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) type species of the Hypoviridae family. In this study, the CHV1 virus was studied within some highly infected British isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica, gained in the past through co-culture transmissions. The effects of six temperatures (5–30 ?, in 5 ? steps) on six infected isolates (three with viral strain E-5, and other three with viral strain L-18) and their respective negative non-infected controls, three isogenic virulent fungal isolates, were examined. Experiments were performed with the nine isolate types with three replicates on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with cellophane sheets per isolate and temperature. A recently developed rapid, specific, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) screening method was used. This enabled quantifying the concentration (nanograms per microliter or copy numbers) of the virus within each isolate repetition. The presence of the virus had a significant negative effect between 20 and 25 ? on the C. parasitica growth rate, which was anyway highly influenced by and positively correlated with the temperature. The temperature clearly determined the virus accumulation and its recovery from cold or heat, and the virus optimum temperature was estimated at 15–25 ?.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Biological control of Cryphonectria parasitica fungus, causal agent of chestnut blight, by virus infection (hypovirulence) has been shown to be an effective control strategy against chestnut blight ...in Europe and some parts of North America. The most studied mycovirus is the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) type species of the Hypoviridae family. To efficiently provide biocontrol, the virus must be able to induce hypovirulence in its fungal host in chestnut trees. Here, two different CHV-1 subtype I virus strains (E-5 and L-18), gained by transmissions, were tested for their hypovirulence induction, biocontrol potential, and transmission between vegetatively compatible (VCG) and incompatible fungal isolate groups in sweet chestnut seedlings and branches. Both strains of CHV-1 showed great biocontrol potential and could protect trees by efficiently transmitting CHV-1 by hyphal anastomosis between fungal isolates of the same VCG and converting virulent to hypovirulent cankers. The hypovirulent effect was positively correlated with the virus concentration, tested by four different reverse-transcription PCRs, two end-point and two real-time methods, one of which represents a newly developed real-time PCR for the detection and quantification of CHV-1.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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