We have synthesized the polycrystalline samples of the delafossite oxide CuCo1−yMgyO2 through the thermal decomposition of copper-cobalt-magnesium hydroxycarbonates. As is expected from the ...theoretical calculations, relatively large thermopower of S ∼ 700 V K−1 is observed at room temperature in the parent compound CuCoO2, whereas the resistivity is too high even in the doped compounds compared with other thermoelectric oxides. The high-temperature transport is thermal-activation type characterized by two energy gaps, Δ and ΔS, which are estimated from the resistivity and the thermopower, respectively. In the parent compound, we obtain Δ 0.47 eV and ΔS 0.38 eV. We find that Δ is larger than ΔS in all the samples, implying a mobility gap opening due to a grain-boundary scattering.
M-type stars are good targets in the search for habitable extrasolar planets. Due to their low effective temperatures, the habitable zone of M stars is very close to the stars themselves. For planets ...that are close to their stars, tidal heating plays an important role in thermal and orbital evolutions, especially when the planet's orbit has a relatively large eccentricity. Although tidal heating interacts with the thermal state and the orbit of the planet, such coupled calculations for extrasolar planets around M stars have not been conducted. We perform coupled calculations using simple structural and orbital models and analyze the thermal state and habitability of a terrestrial planet. Considering this planet to be Martian-sized, the tide heats up and partially melts the mantle, maintaining an equilibrium state if the mass of the star is less than 0.2 times the mass of the Sun and the initial eccentricity of the orbit is more than 0.2. The reduction of heat dissipation due to the melted mantle allows the planet to stay in the habitable zone for more than 10 Gyr even though the orbital distance is small. The surface heat flux at the equilibrium state is between that of Mars and Io. The thermal state of the planet mainly depends on the initial value of the eccentricity and the mass of the star.
From 2011 to 2013, a nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted by the Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and the Japanese Society of Dentistry for Medically Compromised ...Patients to assess the development of bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) and to elucidate the outcomes and factors associated with remission.
A written questionnaire, including clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with BRONJ, was sent to 501 institutions.
This large-scale study included 4,797 cases with a female preponderance. BRONJ occurred twice as often in the mandible as in the maxilla. Most patients had BRONJ stage 2 (61.4%), followed by stage 1 (20.7%) and stage 3 (16.8%); stage 0 was excluded. The most common primary disease was malignant neoplasm (46.5%), followed by osteoporosis (including prevention; 45.3%). The proportion of patients on oral BPs increased, with the incidence approaching that of patients receiving parenteral BP. Surgical therapy rates of patients with BRONJ stages 1, 2, and 3 were 14.0, 37.6, and 53.5%, respectively. Outcome assessment for 936 patients with BRONJ stage 2 who underwent surgical therapy indicated remission in 46.3% of cases, improvement in 30.6%, disease progression in 5.4%, and no change in 6.1%. Good prognosis (remission or improvement) was seen in 76.9% of cases and poor prognosis (disease progression or no change) was seen in 11.5%. Analysis showed that risk factors for onset of BRONJ (P = .031), surgical procedure (P < .024), condition of the wound (P = .017), and discontinuation of BP (P < .001) were factors affecting prognosis.
The number of patients with BRONJ has increased in Japan. Attention to oral BP and proper treatment is required to minimize the number of cases. Surgical therapy seems to be effective for BRONJ stage 2.
Abstract
To observe flow velocity distributions by Neutron Imaging, suitable tracers are necessary. Their performance is highly dependent on their density, visibility, and wettability (if applied to ...liquid metal). Gold cadmium tracers have been developed for the Pb-Bi two-phase flow, however the visibility have not been verified depending on the particle size and the measurement system. As the candidates of tracer particles, Ag, Cd, Au-Cd, and Ag-Cd have been tested by varying its compositions and their diameters. Results show enough visibility if the particles size is larger than 1mm. In addition, Cd tracer particles were applied to the fluidized bed, where the bed materials are metallic particle made of stainless steel, with 1mm diameter. The diameter of Cd trace is about 1.5 mm. From the neutron imaging, the visibility of the tracers is enough to measure the velocity distributions in the fluidized bed.
Objectives
We have previously demonstrated that dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from mature teeth by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐induced mobilization method can enhance ...angiogenesis/vasculogenesis and improve pulp regeneration when compared with colony‐derived DPSCs. However, the efficacy of this method in immature teeth with root‐formative stage has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the stemness, biological characteristics, and regeneration potential in mobilized DPSCs compared with colony‐derived DPSCs from immature teeth.
Materials and methods
Mobilized DPSCs isolated from immature teeth were compared to colony‐derived DPSCs using methods including flow cytometry, migration assays, mRNA expression of angiogenic/neurotrophic factor, and induced differentiation assays. They were also compared in trophic effects of the secretome. Regeneration potential was further compared in an ectopic tooth transplantation model.
Results
Mobilized DPSCs had higher migration ability and expressed more angiogenic/neurotrophic factors than DPSCs. The mobilized DPSC secretome produced a higher stimulatory effect on migration, immunomodulation, anti‐apoptosis, endothelial differentiation, and neurite extension. In addition, vascularization and pulp regeneration potential were higher in mobilized DPSCs than in DPSCs.
Conclusions
G‐CSF‐induced mobilization method enhances regeneration potential of colony‐derived DPSCs from immature teeth.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Central Elysium Planitia (CEP) is located south of Elysium Mons. Back to the era of the Viking orbiters, clues accumulated in favor of recent volcanism in relation with ground water release and the ...formation of long sub-parallel fissures. Four aqueous flood channel systems emanate from linear fissures. Recent eruptions of low viscosity lavas originate from these fissures and from low shield volcanoes. The objective of this paper is to constrain the volcanic history of this region, and to determine the chronological relationships with fluvial/erosional processes. New observations (e.g., new shield volcanoes and one new fluvial event) are summarized on a context map. Thirty-five surfaces have been dated from the count of about 15,000 impact craters. Ages have been cross-checked with relative stratigraphy when possible. A probabilistic approach has been introduced to compare similar ages and define periods of volcanic activity. Our results confirm that some volcanic features are extremely recent (∼2
My). Active periods are found at 2.5–3
My, 4.3
My, 13.5–16.2
My, 19
My, 21–32
My, 58
My, 71
My, 85–95
My, 134
My, 173
My and 234
My, not excluding the possibility that some of the gaps would be filled with additional crater counts. The volcanic activity thus extended for at least the last 250
My. The lava volumes have been estimated from the topographic modeling of the floor of depressions filled up by volcanic products, including the volumes of several large crater cavities buried under lavas (>20% of the total volume). Our new estimation of the total lava volume is 1.5
±
0.2
×
10
5
km
3. This value corresponds to an average thickness of one hundred meters of lavas for the young volcanic plain. As a consequence, the total eruption rate at CEP, defined as the total volume of lava divided by the time of emplacement 1.4
×
10
−2–1.8
×
10
−2
m
3/s is lower than values typically estimated for terrestrial hot spots or large igneous provinces, suggesting longer inactive periods. The concept of mantle plumes responsible for terrestrial flood volcanism may not be applicable to the case of CEP and the mechanism proposed in
Schumacher and Dreuer (2007) offers a plausible alternative to explain our observations.
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Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract
Gas-liquid two-phase flow appears in many heat-exchanging devices. The two-phase flow dynamics should be clarified to understand the phenomena in such devices. Although many measurement ...techniques have been applied to two-phase flow experiments, measuring the gas-liquid interfacial structure is difficult, which changes temporally and spatially. In this study, high-speed neutron imaging is used to measure two-phase flow dynamics, and the accuracy of the void fraction measurement is investigated. In high-speed neutron imaging, image blurring and distortion occur due to light and object motion intensifying. As a result, the quantitative accuracy might decrease. So, the rotating stainless-steel calibration disk, which simulates the bubble behavior in water, is observed by high-speed neutron imaging. Several noise reduction filters are tested to remove the blur and noise in the acquired images. Finally, the air-water two-phase flow is visualized by high-speed neutron imaging, and noise filtering is applied.
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