This paper explores the effects of economic growth, urbanization, industry, and trade openness on coal consumption in Indonesia over the period 1970–2015. To closely adhere to the Environmental ...Kuznets curve narratives, we consider coal consumption which has been scarcely explored in the EKC debate, as a proxy of environmental pressure. We estimate the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method and confirm that the variables are cointegrated for long run linkage with the presence of structural breaks. The empirical evidence showed that economic growth, urbanization and trade openness increase coal consumption while decreasing share of secondary industry reduce it. We also verify the existence of environmental Kuznets curve. Having a vital role in the energy mix, Indonesia needs to restrain excessive coal consumption to enhance environmental quality. Our results also imply urbanization and trade openness are crucial factors on coal consumption. Consequently, it should be taken into consideration in energy policy-making process, such as energy conservation policies in the residential sector and prioritize foreign investment which brings cutting-edge coal technologies.
•Urbanization, trade openness increase coal consumption, industrial shift compact it.•The variables are cointegrated for long run linkage in Indonesia.•Environmental Kuznets curve existence of coal consumption is verified.•Energy conservation in the residential sector is vital for reducing coal consumption.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
We explore the nexus between sustainability and economic growth in Indonesia between 1990 and 2014, using an inclusive wealth framework that covers the country's unique resources and biodiversity. ...Indonesia's inclusive wealth growth is considered positive. However, the 'dilution effect' on Indonesia's population has outpaced the country's wealth growth, so that its per capita inclusive wealth growth has been negative. This study implies that the GDP per capita growth in Indonesia does not necessarily indicate sustainability. The depreciation of both renewable and non-renewable natural capital is driving the decline in wealth per capita. Despite this, sustainability has been improving, although marginally, due to increases in the rates of produced and human capital growth. To return to a sustainable growth path, Indonesia must increase its investments to a net gain in the rate of wealth growth, and it must reduce its resource extraction to levels that its productive base can maintain.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study explores the relationship between inclusive wealth, economic growth, and productivity of natural capital (including forestry, fishery, fossil energy reserves and minerals) for 140 ...countries between 1990 and 2014. For this objective, a Malmquist productivity index is developed, and regression analysis is performed. The results are threefold. First, we found that natural capital deterioration constituted the main driving force of declining wealth per capita following fossil fuel extraction. Second, the adjustment to a conventional productivity growth measure depends on GDP growth and an endowment growth shift of natural capital relative to other input factors. Third, we also found that the initial phase of GDP growth was accompanied by slower natural capital utilization followed by a phase of deterioration as these countries continue to develop economically. With further economic development, enhanced technology and effective natural resources utilization limit the material basis and result in reduced natural capital extraction. These results imply that natural capital extraction management for a broader income level can be implemented for sustainability in both the short and long term.
•We attempt to associate changes in natural capital with socio-economic development.•The natural capital in inclusive wealth used as a proxy for environment quality.•Our calculation of natural ...capital captures a wider spectrum of the ecology.•We find a non-linear impact of economic growth on natural capital.•The beneficial impacts of economic growth on natural capital occur temporarily.
We analyze the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality from the sustainability framework. For this purpose, we conduct a pooled mean group estimator analysis for 140 countries during the 1990–2014 period. As a proxy for environmental quality, we use the natural capital component of inclusive wealth, which takes into account both market and nonmarket assets that contribute to well-being, covering agricultural, fishery, forestry, fossil fuels, and minerals. Cointegration analysis reveals that over the long term, the impacts of economic growth and population density on natural capital levels are significant. While population growth places continuous pressure on natural capital extraction levels, the impact of economic growth on environmental quality is nonlinear. We find a beneficial impact of the composition and a technical effect of the economy, which decouples environmental degradation from economic growth. However, it only occurs temporarily, since the strong link between environmental degradation and economic growth reappears once the secondary turning point is achieved. We show important implications for natural resource management policy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The statement of sustainability in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) framework needs to be supplemented by a formal proof that intergenerational well-being also improves. This is the first ...study that aims to provide empirical evidence that links the progress of the SDGs and the changes in well-being, which are proxied by the SDG Index and the Inclusive Wealth (IW) Index, respectively. We propose an SDGs-wealth model which was analyzed using a machine learning method involving a balanced panel of 147 countries for 2000-2019. We find a strong correlation between wealth and the SDGs, with Goals 12, 13, and 7 being the most significant predictors of wealth. In contrast to Goals 12 and 13, we find a positive correlation between Goal 7 and the per capita IW Index, suggesting that promoting affordable and clean energy is beneficial for wealth accumulation. Quite the opposite, fostering responsible consumption and production and climate actions might be detrimental to wealth. We also find an alarming result for 50 countries in our study since they have deviated from the sustainable development trajectories either in the short or long run. Our study suggests that to achieve sustainable development, instead of focusing on the complex interactions among the SDGs, policymakers should put a stronger focus on improving IW.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai perilaku politik santri berdasarkan beberapa pendekatan perilaku politik dan derajat kepatuhan santri kepada kiai dalam Pemilihan Bupati dan Wakil ...Bupati Lampung Selatan Tahun 2020. Santri yang berada di pesantren memiliki kendala mengakses informasi dari luar terutama terkait pilkada yang akan dilaksanakan, sehingga mempengaruhi perilaku politik dalam menentukan pilihan politik santri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dan dalam menentukan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan menyesuaikan kebutuhan data untuk kepentingan penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pendekatan politik melalui beberapa aspek yaitu sosiologis, psikologis dan pilihan rasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dilihat dari aspek pendekatannya, perilaku politik santri Pondok Pesantren Assalafiyah Tanjung Rame sangat dipengaruhi aspek sosiologis dan psikologis, namun tidak dipengaruhi aspek rasional. Dari aspek kepercayaan santri kepada kiai, santri dikategorikan sebagai santri patuh mutlak dan santri patuh semu. Di Pondok Pesantren Terpadu Ushuluddin, aspek sosiologis, psikologis dan pilihan rasional tidak berperan secara efektif. Santri dikategorikan sebagai santri prismatik yaitu santri tidak menjadikan kiai sebagai referensi dalam menjatuhkan pilihan politik. Dua pondok pesantren yang dijadikan lokasi penelitian ini menunjukkan aspek yang berbeda; pesantren tradisional dan modern, sehingga aspek-aspek yang di temukan sebagai hasil penelitian juga berbeda.
To meet the Paris Agreement’s climate mitigation objectives, there is an urgent global need to reduce coal combustion. Yet coal usage, particularly in the power sector, is rising in many developing ...countries. Indonesia is a notable example. While government policy is widely considered as the principle driver of Indonesia’s increasing coal consumption, studies have largely overlooked the influence of socioeconomic forces. To understand these effects, we utilize a decomposition analysis to capture the individual effect of five drivers of coal consumption in Indonesia over 1965 to 2017: (1) the energy mix, (2) energy intensity of GDP, (3) population, (4) urbanization, and (5) urban incomes. Results show the energy mix has exerted the largest effect on coal consumption. In addition, by accounting for other socio-economic influences, we found that other less appreciated factors have contributed to rising coal consumption. In order of contribution these were the urban economic effect, the growing relative share of urban population, and the population increase itself in absolute terms. We thus demonstrate that the drivers of growing coal consumption are multi-faced, complex and intertwined. Our findings show that developing nations such as Indonesia share a need to decouple urban population growth and increasing per capita wealth from fossil fuel (and coal) emissions.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) technology by utilizing various semiconductors has attracted attention. Among all types of semiconductors, the nanostructure of ZnO is selected due ...to their unique electrical properties and ease of preparation in various morphologies, and it has been considered a promising material to be applied in DSSC. In this research, the DC magnetron sputtering method was used to prepare ZnO thin films as an efficient alternative to press the charge recombination process that occurs in TiO2-based DSSC. Different thicknesses of TiO2 layers on the FTO conductive glass substrate were made through various sputtering deposition times, while the ZnO nanorod layers were made with a single layer using the hydrothermal method. We used XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, I-V meter, and EIS analysis. Based on these characterization we concluded that multilayer ZnO nanorod:TiO2 coating with a sputtering time of 60 minutes resulted the best performance of DSSC with an efficiency of 0.27%.
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