A cryogenic radiometer was improved for measurements of the absolute radiant power of x-ray Free Electron Laser, which provides intense radiation with an ultra-short pulse duration. Based on ...simulation results obtained by the Monte Carlo program EGS 5 code, a new cavity absorber of the cryogenic radiometer was developed. The simulation results show that the new cavity absorber achieves absorptance close to unity for hard x-rays up to photon energies of 40keV. The excellent performance of the new cavity absorber, as well as the consistency between the new and the former cavity, was confirmed by calibrating two different types of silicon photodiodes. The calibration results agreed well within their relative expanded uncertainties. To confirm the performance of the new cavity absorber in the high radiant power region, the radiant powers obtained with the cryogenic radiometer and an x-ray beam monitor were also compared. A strong correlation between the two detectors was obtained. With the new cavity absorber, the absolute radiant power of XFEL for photon energies of up to 40keV with low uncertainties is expected to be measured.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Chronic renal disease (CRD) is generally thought to be incurable, except through renal transplantation, and the number of patients with CRD is on the increase. Glomerulosclerosis and ...tubulointerstitial fibrosis represent the morphological equivalent of end-stage CRD. In this study, we demonstrated the preventive effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the progression of renal dysfunction and fibrosis, using a spontaneous mouse model for CRD (ICGN strain). The mice progressively developed glomerular sclerotic injury, tubular atrophy, and renal dysfunction until they were 17 wk of age. When recombinant HGF was injected into these mice during a 4-wk-period (from weeks 14-17 after birth), DNA synthesis of tubular epithelial cells was found to be 4.4-fold higher than in mice without HGF injection, thereby suggesting tubular parenchymal expansion promoted by HGF. Notably, HGF suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor-beta and of platelet-derived growth factor as well as myofibroblast formation in the affected kidney. Consequently, the onset of tubulointerstitial fibrosis was almost completely inhibited by HGF, while HGF attenuated the progression of glomerulosclerosis, both leading to preventing manifestation of renal dysfunction. From our results, supplement therapy with HGF may be taken into consideration as a novel option for prevention and treatment of CRD.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of apocynin, an inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) and a downregulator of intracellular reactive ...oxygen species (ROS), on high glucose-induced oxidative stress on tenocytes.
Tenocytes from normal Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in both control and high-glucose conditions. Apocynin was added at cell seeding, dividing the tenocytes into four groups: the control group; regular glucose with apocynin (RG apo+); high glucose with apocynin (HG apo+); and high glucose without apocynin (HG apo-). Reactive oxygen species production, cell proliferation, apoptosis and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of NOX1 and 4, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined in vitro.
Expression of NOX1, NOX4, and IL-6 mRNA in the HG groups was significantly higher compared with that in the RG groups, and NOX1, NOX4, and IL-6 mRNA expression in the HG apo+ group was significantly lower compared with that in the HG apo- group. Cell proliferation in the RG apo+ group was significantly higher than in the control group and was also significantly higher in the HG apo+ group than in the HG apo- group. Both the ROS accumulation and the amounts of apoptotic cells in the HG groups were greater than those in the RG groups and were significantly less in the HG apo+ group than in the HG apo- group.
Apocynin reduced ROS production and cell death via NOX inhibition in high-glucose conditions. Apocynin is therefore a potential prodrug in the treatment of diabetic tendinopathy.
2020;9(1):23-28.
A systematic temperature-dependent study of the femtosecond optical superconducting (SC) state destruction and recovery in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ cuprate superconductor by means of the all-optical ...polarization-sensitive multipulse spectroscopy is presented. At low temperatures and a partial SC state suppression, an anisotropic SC-gap recovery time scale is suggested by the data. The SC state destruction and recovery dynamics are compared to the recent TR-ARPES-inferred SC-gap dynamics and a qualitative agreement is found. Using a phenomenological response function, the experimental data are also compared to time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model simulations.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
The supplementary comparison of absorbed dose rate in tissue for beta radiation (APMP.RI(I)-S2) was performed with five national metrology institutes in 2013 and 2014. Two commercial thin window ...ionization chambers were used as transfer instruments and circulated among the participants. Two of the NMIs measured the calibration coefficients of the chambers in reference fields produced from Pm-147, Kr-85 and Sr-90/Y-90, while the other three measured those only in Sr-90/Y-90 beta-particle field. The degree of equivalence for the participants was determined and this comparison verifies the calibration capabilities of the participating laboratories. In addition, most of the results of this comparison are consistent with another international comparison (EUROMET.RI(I)-S2) reported before this work.
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•QP dynamics of UD-Bi2212 in the photoinduced phase transition was investigated by pump-probe spectroscopy.•The pump fluence dependence of the QP dynamics shows a delay of the SC recovery.•The ...observed delay time is comparable to a recovery time of PG, suggesting a role of PG responsible for the SC formation.
We report nonequilibrium quasiparticle (QP) dynamics in underdoped Bi2212 crystals using ultrafast optical spectroscopy, which allows to analyze the dynamics associated with the superconducting (SC) and psuedogap (PG) QPs independently. In the saturation condition of the SC component, where the SC condensate is fully destroyed within the photoexcited volume, we found a delay of the SC state recovery associated with a transient normal state. The delay increases linearly with increasing the pump fluence. The QP dynamics also shows a contribution of the PG component, whose magnitude at the start of the SC state recovery was almost constant at various pump fluences, suggesting a critical level of PG order before the SC condensate can recover.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A graphite calorimeter has been developed as a Japanese primary standard of absorbed dose to water in the high-energy photon beams from a clinical linac. To obtain conversion factors for the graphite ...calorimeter, the beam characteristics of the high-energy photon beams from the clinical linac at National Metrology Institute of Japan were calculated with the EGS5 Monte Carlo simulation code. To run the EGS5 code on High Performance Computing machines that have more than 1000 CPU cores, we developed the EGS5 parallelisation package "EGS5-MPI" by implementing a message-passing interface. We calculated the photon energy spectra, which are in good agreement with those previously calculated by D. Sheikh-Bagheri and D. W. O. Rogers (Med. Phys. 29 3). We also estimated the percentage-depth-dose distributions of photon beams from the linac using the calculated photon energy spectra. These calculated percentage-depth-dose distributions were compared with our measured distributions and were found they are in good agreement as well. We will calculate conversion factors for the graphite calorimeter using our results.
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