The 2014 Ukrainian crisis has aggravated numerous gas-related disputes and highlighted the overall politicisation of energy issues between the EU and Russia. These tensions have unveiled a need to ...address the growing disarray in EU–Russia energy relations, to assess the role of EU integration in multilateral energy processes, and to classify various understandings of energy security across Europe. This commentary provides an overview of how scholarship has tackled these issues so far. Discussing the contributions and shortcomings of these studies, it offers a roadmap for a future research agenda.
The 2014 Ukrainian crisis has aggravated numerous gas-related disputes and highlighted the overall politicisation of energy issues between the EU and Russia. These tensions have unveiled a need to ...address the growing disarray in EU–Russia energy relations, to assess the role of EU integration in multilateral energy processes, and to classify various understandings of energy security across Europe. This commentary provides an overview of how scholarship has tackled these issues so far. Discussing the contributions and shortcomings of these studies, it offers a roadmap for a future research agenda.
Most scholars have described the European Union (EU) as a liberal actor in its approach to international climate and energy governance. This paper argues that the EU has shifted to a strategic ...approach, including the use of legislation and the adoption of negotiating positions that promote a political agenda. This is illustrated through an analysis of the EU's evolving stance on multilateral energy governance and its handling of the Nord Stream 2 project. The EU began to shift towards a strategic stance already in the 2000s, in the context of the Energy Charter Treaty negotiations and the growing securitization of European energy debates. Following the polycrisis of the mid-2010s, the EU adopted a full-fledged strategic stance on external energy policy. Geopolitical crises and great power competition, together with intra-EU divisions and an increased focus on the climate agenda, have catalyzed the EU's shift to a strategic approach.
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At the stage of the implementation of inclusive education into the country’s general education schools, many experts note that the teaching staff of schools is not ready to work with children with ...special educational needs. Lack of professional competencies affects the appearance of psychological barriers and professional stereotypes. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop an education program for physical education lessons for students with disabilities to increase their level of physical fitness. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: the method of literary source analysis, the method of examination, testing, pedagogical experiment, mathematical statistics. This article presents experimental material on the adaptive work program of physical education lessons for 1st grade students with disabilities. It describes various methods and means of teaching this category of schoolchildren, develops guidelines for the sections of the subject “Physical Education” taking into account the age-related characteristics of schoolchildren with pathologies. The positive results of the study suggest the effectiveness of this adaptive educational program. The study is practically significant as it can be used to conduct lessons for children with disabilities in order to facilitate learning and eliminate health problems identified by health care workers.
A review essay covering books by 1) Jale Tosun, Sophie Biesenbender and Kai Schulze, Energy Policy Making in the EU: Building the Agenda (2015), 2) Francesc Morata and Israel Solorio Sandoval, ...European Energy Policy: An Environmental Approach (2012), 3) Tim Boersma, Energy Security and Natural Gas Markets in Europe: Lessons from the EU and the United States (2015) and 4) Andreas Goldthau and Nick Sitter, A Liberal Actor in a Realist World: The European Union Regulatory State and the Global Political Economy of Energy (2015).
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The low-carbon transition, for example in line with the European Commission's proposed Long-Term Strategy1 net-zero2 target by 2050 or the Commission President-elect 'climate neutrality' objective, ...will require a very large increase in electricity, especially for low-carbon solutions in mobility, heating and cooling and the decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Attacks on oil and gas infrastructures by terrorists and criminals in places like Nigeria, Colombia, Iraq and Russia have amplified the vulnerability of critical energy infrastructures (CEIs) to ...deliberate physical attacks. Being unable or unwilling to protect CEIs, many national governments have made attempts to alleviate these vulnerabilities through outsourcing of security, i.e. contracting the responsibility to protect CEIs out to non-state actors. This article advocates the need to conceptualize security outsourcing in the domain of critical energy infrastructure protection (CEIP) in order to explain a variety of regulatory choices made by governments in this domain. Based on a qualitative analysis of four case studies, the article discusses various types of security outsourcing in the protection of CEIs, including the militarization of national oil companies, public-private partnerships and the involvement of international organizations and local social groups. The typology may serve as a tool of describing, classifying and evaluating various forms of security outsourcing. The findings of the article help to deconstruct the complexity of security outsourcing and capture some of the major contemporary trends in energy security.
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9.
Energy and conflict Zabyelina, Yuliya; Kustova, Irina
Cooperation and conflict,
2015, Volume:
50, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
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10.
Object Models as Microservices: a Query Language Gavrilin, D. N.; Kustova, I. A.; Mantsivoda, A. V.
Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriâ "Matematika"/Izvestiâ Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Matematika,
01/2022, Volume:
42, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We are designing an application development technology based on an extended object-oriented approach, in which object models are enriched to the functionality of microservices. This variation is ...called microservice object-oriented programming. An object model as a microservice is an autonomous information system that behaves as a persistent storage and interacts with other models and external actors through the API. Moreover, understanding object models as microservices provides a fundamentally new low-code technology based on model visualization. This paper presents a query language for object models that works efficiently with persistent models. It is a subset of the Libretto language. The logical semantics of the language is described, as well as the method of compiling it into SQL, based on the use of an intermediate relational language. A SQL query language compiler has been implemented within the Ontobox platform. It shows high efficiency and is now actively used in real-life application development tasks solving.
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