The Papillon experience and the Lyon R96-02 trial have shown that contact X-ray brachytherapy of 50kV is efficient and safe to achieve long term local control and organ preservation for cT1 and early ...cT2-3 rectal cancers. The OPERA trial, using the Papillon 50™ machine, brings further support to this preservation strategy for selected T2T3ab lesions. Future trials using a contact X-ray boost will try to consolidate and enlarge its place in organ preservation for rectal cancers.
Les travaux de Papillon et l’essai randomisé Lyon R 96-02 ont montré que la radiothérapie de contact de 50kV permettait, sans toxicité grave, d’obtenir une réponse clinique complète et un contrôle local à long terme permettant de préserver le rectum pour des tumeurs de stade cT1 et cT2-3 encore limitées. L’essai Opera, utilisant l’appareil Papillon 50™, a confirmé les bons résultats de cette approche conservatrice. Les futurs essais qui testeront la place de ce boost de radiothérapie de contact devraient permettre d’étendre sa place dans les traitements conservateurs du cancer du rectum.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The effect of P2O5 incorporation on the sintering, flow and crystallization characteristics of BCABS glasses of composition (mol%) 35BaO-15CaO-5Al2O3-(37-
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
P2O5 is a common nucleating agent in glass-ceramics. To avoid the negative effect of P2O5 on sealing glass properties, we combined it with Barium oxide in the glass formulation. The effect of ...Ba3(PO4)2 incorporation on thermo-physical, structural and sealing characteristics of a glass of composition (mol%) 30SiO2–20SrO–30BaO–10B2O3–5La2O3–5Al2O3 is reported. The glass transition temperature decreases from 650 °C to 584 °C when Ba3(PO4)2 is increased from 0 to 2 mol%. Thermal expansion coefficient of the glass samples are found around 11.4 to 12.0 × 10−6 °C−1, which is close to that of Crofer-22 APU. 29Si MAS-NMR measurements indicate that glass network is composed of mainly Q2 units, while 31P forms Q0 units. XRD shows the formation of Ba2SiO4, Sr2SiO4 and BaAl2Si2O8 crystalline phases. There is no further evolution of crystalline phases when heat treated at 800 °C for 500 h. Seals with Crofer-22 plates have been made and interface reveals good bonding. The glass composition formulated by addition of 1 mol% Ba3(PO4)2 has shown good thermal and sealing characteristics, while further increase of Ba3(PO4)2 to 2 mol% leads to increased crystallization tendency.
XRD, NMR and EPMA analyses show that combined addition of P2O5 and BaO to glass-ceramic compositions lead to enhanced sealing behavior and good stability at 800 °C. Display omitted
► Glass composition is formulated by the combined addition of P2O5 and BaO. ► Decrease in softening temperature is produced, enabling the seal fabrication at lower temperature. ► Crystalline phases and TEC were found stable and compatible for sealing applications. ► Interfaces of seals reveal good bonding and no adverse reactions, even after long term testing at 800 °C.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Contact X ray brachytherapy 50 kVp was initiated in the 1930s with the Siemens unit and popularized with the Philips unit in the 1950s. A renaissance was seen in the early 2000s with the Intrabeam™ ...unit for breast IORT. Presently the Papillon™ systems thanks to its high dose rate (>10Gy/mn) can be used to treat breast (IORT), skin, eyelid and rectal cancers. Future developments are expected to consolidate the place of contact radiotherapy as a safe and efficient treatment for accessible early tumors.
Le premier appareil de radiothérapie de contact 50 kVp a été mis au point dans les années 1930 par la société Siemens et c’est l’appareil Philips RT 50™ qui a popularisé, à partir de 1950, cette technique. Au début du XXIe siècle l’appareil Intrabeam™ a permis une renaissance de la radiothérapie de contact pour l’irradiation peropératoire des cancers du sein. Actuellement, les appareils Papillon™ sont utilisés, grâce à leur débit de dose élévé (>10Gy/mn), pour traiter les cancers de la peau et des paupières, les cancers du rectum par voie endoscopique et les cancers du sein en situation peropératoire. Des innovations prochaines devraient renforcer la place de cette radiothérapie de contact qui offre un traitement simple, peu toxique et efficace pour des tumeurs précoces accessibles.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
There are conflicting results on the growth and health of weanling pigs (Sus scrofa) fed high-fiber diets, and responses may differ according to sanitary conditions. This study was conducted to ...explore the growth, health, and fecal microbiota of weanling pigs fed either low- or high-fiber diets in 2 different sanitary conditions. Forty-eight pigs weaned at 28 d of age were individually housed in "good" (clean) or "poor" (unclean) sanitary conditions. During 2 consecutive phases, pigs were fed 2 diets containing a low (control) or high level of fiber: 121 or 169 g/kg total dietary fiber (TDF) for Phase I and 146 or 217 g/kg for Phase II, which lasted 15 and 20 d, respectively. This led to 4 experimental treatments in Phase I in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (2 sanitary conditions × 2 diets) and 8 experimental treatments in Phase II in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (2 sanitary conditions × 2 diets in Phase I × 2 diets in Phase II). The poor sanitary conditions led to a reduced G:F (0.617 vs. 0.680 for poor and good sanitary conditions, respectively; P = 0.01) over the entire experimental period. The number of pigs with diarrhea in Phase I tended to be greater in the poor sanitary conditions with the high-fiber diet than the control diet (7 vs. 3 pigs, P = 0.07). Enterococcus was prominent in feces of these diarrheic pigs. At 5 wk after weaning, compared with good sanitary conditions, the fecal microbiota of pigs housed in poor sanitary conditions was characterized by more Lactobacillus (9.24 vs. 8.34 log cfu/g, P < 0.001), more Enterobacteria (6.69 vs. 5.58 log cfu/g, P < 0.001), and less anaerobic sulfite bacteria (3.72 vs. 5.87 log cfu/g; P < 0.001). The feces of pigs in poor sanitary conditions contained more total VFA and proportionally more butyrate (9.7 vs. 5.7% for poor and good conditions, respectively, independently of dietary treatment, P < 0.001). At 5 wk after weaning, feces of pigs fed the high-fiber diet during Phase II contained less Enterococcus bacteria than pigs fed the control diet (4.06 vs. 4.56 log cfu/g; P = 0.05), and more total VFA with a decreased proportion of branched-chain fatty acids (5.0 vs. 6.1%; P = 0.006). To conclude, feeding pigs a high-fiber diet in the immediate period after weaning is probably an additional risk factor for slower BW gain, especially in poor sanitary conditions.
The influence of gold particle addition on structural and magnetic ordering of iron oxide in a glass matrix was studied. The silica-phosphate glasses containing iron oxide and Au were prepared by the ...melt quench technique. Evolution of crystalline phases was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Magnetic properties were investigated by means of a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer and room temperature Mossbauer spectroscopy. The microstructure exhibited the formation of 30-40 nm size particles. The samples showed the formation of magnetite and hematite as major crystalline phases. Magnetic studies revealed the relaxation of magnetic particles. Blocking temperature of investigated sample increased with an increase of Au content implying an increase in the strength of magnetic interactions. Mossbauer spectroscopy has shown the presence of both doublets and magnetic sextets. The magnetization value increased as Au content was increased, which is attributed to the increase in magnetic and structural ordering.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Pigs are confronted with changes in farming practices that may affect performance and animal well-being. The sanitary conditions of the farm can have an impact on the ability of pigs to adapt to ...these changes. This study aimed to analyse how weaned pigs respond to common farming practices of changes in diet and housing in terms of performance, health and behaviour, and how these responses are affected by the sanitary housing conditions, qualified here as good or poor. At weaning at 4 weeks of age, 20 piglets were assigned to 10 blocks of two littermates and each pig within a litter was randomly assigned to one of two sanitary conditions. Pigs were housed individually and received a starter diet. A diet change occurred on day 12 post weaning (starter to weaner diets) and pigs were transferred to the grower unit on day 33 post weaning and continued to receive the weaner diet. From 43 days post weaning, pigs were offered a grower diet and were vaccinated against swine influenza on day 47 and 61 post weaning. On the basis of this design, three post-weaning phases were identified: phase I from day 1 to 11 (post weaning), phase II from day 12 to 32 (after the diet change) and phase III from day 33 to 42 (after the housing change). Individual BW was measured every 3 days, and feed refusals and faecal scores were recorded on a daily basis. Behavioural observations were performed during 28 days by using the instantaneous scan sampling method. Individual blood samples were collected at the end of each phase to analyse the plasma concentration of haptoglobin and on day 68 post weaning to analyse the anti-influenza immunoglobulins G (IgG). Poor sanitary conditions resulted in a decrease in daily gain, feed intake and gain to feed ratio of, respectively, 11%, 5% and 7% (P < 0.05). Pigs in poor sanitary conditions had higher faecal scores (P < 0.05), tended to have higher plasma haptoglobin concentration in phase II (P = 0.06) and had a higher anti-influenza IgG titre (P = 0.11). The diet change affected performance and behavioural responses of pigs in poor but not in good sanitary conditions. Housing change resulted in a 30% decrease in growth and an increase in behaviour oriented towards exploration and excitement. The results of this study show an effect of sanitary conditions on the responses of pigs to a diet change, whereas those to a housing change were little affected by the sanitary conditions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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