A interação solo estrutura (ISE) é um tema de grande importância no âmbito da construção civil, porém ainda pouco abordado devido à complexidade de análise. Neste contexto, para auxiliar na análise ...da ISE em sapatas, foi desenvolvido e validado o programa AnISEs, o qual é capaz de fornecer estimativas de recalques, o coeficiente vertical do solo e o coeficiente de mola para sapatas por meio do perfil de sondagem, características das sapatas e pilares além da metodologia a ser utilizada no cálculo dos recalques, de acordo com o meio elástico. O processo de validação consistiu na resolução de problemas descritos na literatura, por meio do qual o software se mostrou rápido, eficiente e aplicável na resolução de problemas relacionados à ISE.
Resumo: Este artigo explora a teoria das justificações para a análise das motivações e estratégias de atores da Agricultura Urbana e Periurbana (AUP) no estado de São Paulo, considerando perspectivas ...de desenvolvimento de seus territórios. Com uma abordagem cruzando sociologia e geografia, a pesquisa que ofereceu elementos de análise para a elaboração deste artigo fundamentou-se em entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações de campo e análise documental, considerando os casos do assentamento Milton Santos, situado parte em Americana, parte em Cosmópolis, assim como da Associação de Agricultores da Zona Leste da capital. O direito de acesso ao fundiário é absolutamente central para a AUP. A reivindicação deste direito, bem como a concepção de papéis das atividades compreendidas pela AUP, mobilizam referências de justiça com contornos ecológicos, o que oferece crescente legitimidade à causa, gerando diversos tipos de apoios. Porém, as evidências dos casos estudados indicam que a AUP está longe de ter sua perenidade e crescimento assegurados.
Abstract: This article explores the theory of justifications for the analysis of the motivations and strategies of actors in urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in the state of São Paulo, considering perspectives for the development of their territories. With an approach crossing sociology and geography, the research which subsidized the elements brought to analysis in this article was based on a semi-structured interview, field observation, and documental analysis, considering the Milton Santos settlement in Americana and Cosmópolis and the Zona Leste Farmers Association in São Paulo city. The right of land access is central to the UPA. The claiming of this right, as well as the conception of the roles played by the practices concerning UPA, mobilize references of justice with ecological outlines, which offers increasing legitimacy to the cause, generating various types of support. However, the evidences of the studied cases point out that UPA is far from having a recognition that would ensure its perpetuity and growth.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
To test the hypothesis that periodontitis is associated with AD and search whether periodontal and other variables would negatively impact the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) ...perception.
Materials and methods
Oral examinations and interview on self-perceived oral health status (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire (higher score corresponds to better perceived oral status)) were carried out and socio-demographic data were collected from outpatients with mild to moderate AD (cases,
n
= 50) and from their age- and sex-matched family caregivers (controls,
n
= 52). Full-mouth periodontal examination was performed. Significance of differences between groups was sought by chi-square, Student’s
t
, or the Mann-Whitney test. The association between the variables periodontitis, probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm, and clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥ 5 mm with the variable group was tested in binary logistic regression models (LRMs). LRMs were used to test the association of oral findings, demographics, and group with GOHAI.
Results
Cases had fewer teeth and greater CAL than controls. Cases had a superior percentage of sites with plaque, calculus, and bleeding on probing than controls. Cases had greater GOHAI scores than controls. Periodontitis was a variable most likely associated with AD (OR = 11.08,
p
< 0.001). None of the oral findings or demographics, but group, was associated with GOHAI (OR = 14.45,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
Periodontitis is associated with AD, but not with patients’ OHRQoL.
Clinical relevance
Health care professionals must be aware that AD patients should have a periodic thorough oral examination and preventive intervention aiming at their welfare and maintenance of a pain-free functional dentition.
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CMK, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and/or its products to induce the synthesis of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) by mouse macrophages (RAW ...264.7). Three microorganism preparations were used: live L. rhamnosus (LLR) suspension, heat-killed L. rhamnosus (HKLR) suspension, and the supernatant of a heat-killed L. rhamnosus (SHKLR) suspension, which were cultured with macrophages (37°C, 5% CO2) for 2 h and 30 min. After that, cells were cultured for 16 h. The supernatants were used for the quantitation of cytokines, by ELISA. The results were compared with the synthesis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analysed, using ANOVA and Tukey test, 5%. LLR and HKLR groups were able to significantly increase the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 ( P < 0 . 05 ). SHKLR also significantly increased the production of TNF-α and IL-10 ( P < 0 . 05 ) but not IL-6 ( P > 0 . 05 ). All the L. rhamnosus suspensions were not able to produce detectable levels of IL-1β or significant levels of IL-4 and IL-12 ( P > 0 . 05 ). In conclusion, live and heat-killed L. rhamnosus suspensions were able to induce the synthesis of different cytokines with proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) or regulatory (IL-10) functions, suggesting the role of strain L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 in the modulation or in the stimulation of immune responses.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Almost 1000 cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis have been registered yearly in Rondônia State, Brazil. Little is known about the Leishmania transmission cycle (vectors and reservoirs) in the ...state. This study aimed to evaluate sand fly fauna from two vertical stratification layers in order to identify potential vectors and their blood-meal sources.
The study was conducted in Jamari National Forest. Sand flies were collected in the canopy (15 m) and at ground level (1 m) using HP light traps during four months, February, April, August and October, 2018. Insects were identified to the species level, and females were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR targeting minicircle kDNA and hsp70 (for Leishmania detection and species identification), and cytb (to identify blood-meal sources). Exploratory data analysis was used to determine mean of abundance and species richness between stratifications. The hsp70 and cytb sequences were analyzed and compared with sequences from GenBank.
Overall, 68 species were identified from 15,457 individuals. On the Potosi trail, 7531 individuals of 49 species were collected; canopy captures totaled 6463 individuals of 46 species, while ground captures totaled 1068 individuals of 38 species. On the Santa Maria trail, 7926 individuals of 61 species were collected; canopy captures totaled 6136 individuals of 51 species, while ground captures totaled 1790 individuals of 53 species. A total of 23 pools were positive for kDNA (canopy n = 21, ground n = 2). Only two samples were sequenced for hsp70 (both in canopy); one sequence exhibited similarity with Leishmania braziliensis (Lutzomyia davisi pool) and another with L. naiffi (Lu. antunesi pool). The cytb fragment was amplified in 11 of 86 samples. Sample sequencing identified cytb DNA from 5 blood-meal sources: Micrastur gilvicollis, Psophia viridis, Tamandua tetradactyla, Homo sapiens and Choloepus didactylus.
Sand fly fauna is more diverse in the canopy than at ground level. Factors such as blood-meal sources, resting sites, and abiotic components probably contribute to high abundance in the canopy. Our results reinforce the possibility that Lu. antunesi and Lu. davisi participate in Leishmania transmission in forest environments and may play an important role in transmission from sylvatic to human hosts.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Increases in daily physical activity levels is recommended for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, despite this recommendation, little is known about the physical activity ...patterns of PAD patients.
To describe the physical activity patterns of patients with symptomatic peripheral artery (PAD) disease.
This cross-sectional study included 174 PAD patients with intermittent claudication symptoms. Patients were submitted to clinical, hemodynamic and functional evaluations. Physical activity was objectively measured by an accelerometer, and the time spent in sedentary, low-light, high-light and moderate-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) were obtained. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize patient data and binary logistic regression was used to test the crude and adjusted associations between adherence to physical activity recommendation and sociodemographic and clinical factors. For all the statistical analyses, significance was accepted at p < 0.05.
Patients spent in average of 640 ± 121 min/day, 269 ± 94 min/day, 36 ± 27 min/day and 15 ± 16 min/day in sedentary, low-light, high-light and MVPA, respectively. The prevalence of patients who achieved physical activity recommendations was 3.4%. After adjustment for confounders, a significant inverse association was observed between adherence to physical activity recommendation and age (OR = 0.925; p = 0.004), while time of disease, ankle brachial index and total walking distance were not associated with this adherence criteria (p > 0.05).
The patterns of physical activity of PAD patients are characterized by a large amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors and a low engagement in MVPA. Younger patients, regardless of the clinical and functional factors, were more likely to meet the current physical activity recommendations.
This paper analyzes the differences among the main existing carbon accounting methodologies for cities and identifies the shortcomings in carbon inventories typically used. Data were collected from ...the GHG inventories and climate action plans from 24 Brazilian cities using content analysis. All cities developed their GHG inventories using Production-Based Approach (PBA), adding at least electricity and waste emissions that occurred out-boundaries. Several gaps were identified in the cities' greenhouse (GHG) emissions inventories that consequently impacted their climate action plans. Two main types of reporting gaps were identified: incompleteness (Gap 1) and lack of transparency (Gap 2). Seventeen GHG reports presented Gap 1. Brazilian cities’ GHG reports do not appropriately reflect emissions occurring as a result of activities and consumption patterns of the city. Twenty reports presented Gap 2 with no transparency about assumptions, input data, source of input data, emission factors, calculation methods or accounting limitations. Sixteen cities measured only (I) stationary energy, including electricity imported by the grid; (II) transport; and (III) waste. Four cities reported also Industrial Process and Product Use (IPPU) emissions and seven, reported Agriculture, Forestry and other Land Use (AFOLU) emissions/removals. Brazilian cities did not measure GHG emissions related to consumption of foods, beverages and imports of manufactured products. As a result, no climate action plan considers actions towards sustainable consumption. The study provides insights for academics and policymakers on how to choose the best methodology and develop more complete inventories and low-carbon plans.
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•Brazilian cities greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories use Production-Based Approach and the most part uses GPC Methodology.•GHG inventories of Brazilian cities present two main gaps: incompleteness and lack of transparency.•GHG inventories do not account emissions of consumption and carbon plans do not incentivize sustainable consumption.•Initiatives are recommended to promote broader and more complete GHG inventories leading to more effective low-carbon plans.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Os policultivos agroecológicos beneficiam a pedofauna e melhoram a qualidade do solo, atuando na ciclagem de nutrientes e decomposição de matéria orgânica. Assim, têm-se como hipótese que os ...policultivos promovem um ambiente propício a pedofauna assemelhando-se à mata nativa. Objetivou-se avaliar composição, frequência, abundância e diversidade de grupos que compõem a meso e macrofauna edáfica em sistemas de policultivos agroecológicos, utilizando área de sistema de vegetação natural como comparativo. Foram instaladas sete armadilhas do tipo pitfall em quatro áreas de policultivos de diferentes anos e em uma de vegetação nativa de caatinga em Choró-CE. Os organismos coletados foram, separados, quantificados e classificados em grandes grupos taxonômicos e em grupos funcionais. Foram calculados frequência, abundância e índices ecológicos. Os valores de abundância e riqueza permaneceram semelhantes em todas as áreas e nos dois períodos sazonais, sendo que no período chuvoso os policultivos favoreceram a diversidade e uniformidade da pedofauna, sendo semelhantes ou melhores que a condição de vegetação nativa, enquanto no período seco, a área de vegetação nativa demonstrou uma maior diversidade, e uniformidade em comparação às áreas de policultivo, devido à presença de cobertura nativa do solo. Palavras-chave: pedofauna, semiárido, biologia do solo.
The literature has shown that there is no consensus regarding the best resin composite photoactivation protocol. This study evaluated the efficiency of the conventional, soft-start, pulse-delay and ...exponential protocols for photoactivation of resin composites in reducing the shrinkage stress and temperature variation during the photopolymerisation. The photoactivation processes were performed using a photocuring unit and a smartphone app developed to control the irradiance according each photoactivation protocol. These photoactivation methods were evaluated applying photoactivation energies recommended by the resins manufactures. Three brands of resin composites were analysed: Z-250, Charisma and Ultrafill. The cure effectiveness was evaluated through depth of cure experiments. All results were statistically evaluated using one-way and multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). The use of exponential and pulse-delay methods resulted in a significant reduction of the shrinkage stress for all evaluated resins; however, the pulse-delay method required too long a photoactivation time. The increases on the temperature were lower when the exponential photoactivation was applied; however, the temperature variation for all photoactivation protocols was not enough to cause damage in the restoration area. The evaluation of the depth of cure showed that all photoactivation protocols resulted in cured resins with equivalent hardness, indicating that the choice of an alternative photoactivation protocol did not harm the polymerisation. In this way, the results showed the exponential protocol as the best photoactivation technique for practical applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•This series details 14 asymptomatic normocephalic newborns with confirmed congenital Zika infection.•All newborns presented Zika virus (ZIKV) positivity by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain ...reaction.•This series corroborates the neonatal screening for ZIKV in endemic areas.
Fourteen asymptomatic normocephalic newborns with confirmed congenital Zika infection were investigated. All newborns presented Zika virus (ZIKV) positivity on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Following ZIKV-specific NS5 gene fragment sequencing in one child, phylogenetic analysis revealed that this isolate belonged to the Asian genotype, and clustered closely with other sequences previously isolated in north-east and northern regions of Brazil.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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