Infant mortality rate is a measure of population health and neonatal mortality account for great proportion of these deaths. Underdevelopment might be associated to higher neonatal mortality risk due ...to assistant related factors. Spatial and temporal distribution of mortality help identifying and developing strategies for interventions.
To investigate the cluster areas of asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality and to explore its association with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in São Paulo State (SP), Brazil.
Ecological study including live births residents in SP from 2004-2013. Neonatal deaths (0-27 days) with perinatal asphyxia were defined as intrauterine hypoxia, birth asphyxia or meconium aspiration syndrome written in any line of the Death Certificate. Geoprocessing analytical approach included detection of first order effects through quintiles and spatial moving average maps, followed by second order effects by global and local spatial autocorrelation (Moran and LISA, respectively) before and after smoothing with local Bayesian estimates. Finally, Spearman correlation was applied between asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality and mean per capita GDP rates for the municipalities with significant LISA.
There were 6,713 asphyxia-associated neonatal deaths among 5,949,267 live births (rate: 1.13/1000) in SP. Spatial moving average maps showed a non-random distribution among municipalities, with presence of clusters (I = 0.048; p = 0.023). LISA map identified clusters of asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality in the south, southeast and northwest. After applying local Bayes estimates, clusters were more pronounced (I = 0.589; p = 0.001). There was a partial overlap of the areas of higher asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality and lower mean per capita GDP.
Spatial analysis identified cluster areas of high asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality and low per capita GDP rates, with a significant negative correlation. This optimized, structured, and hierarchical approach to identify high-risk areas of cause-specific neonatal mortality may be helpful for guiding public health efforts to decrease neonatal mortality.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In high- and middle-income countries, mortality associated to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is high and variable. In Brazil, data is scarce regarding the prevalence, mortality, and lethality ...of CDH. This study aimed to analyze, in São Paulo state of Brazil, the temporal trends of prevalence, neonatal mortality and lethality of CDH and identify the time to CDH-associated neonatal death.
Population-based study of all live births with gestational age ≥ 22 weeks, birthweight ≥400g, from mothers residing in São Paulo State, Brazil, during 2004-2015. CDH definition and its subgroups classification were based on ICD-10 codes reported in the death and/or live birth certificates. CDH-associated neonatal death was defined as death up to 27 days after birth of infants with CDH. CDH prevalence, neonatal mortality and lethality were calculated and their annual percent change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was analyzed by Prais-Winsten. Kaplan-Meier estimator identified the time after birth that CDH-associated neonatal death occurred.
CDH prevalence was 1.67 per 10,000 live births, with a significant increase throughout the period (APC 2.55; 95%CI 1.30 to 3.83). CDH neonatal mortality also increased over the time (APC 2.09; 95%CI 0.27 to 3.94), while the lethality was 78.78% and remained stationary. For isolated CDH, CDH associated to non-chromosomal anomalies and CDH associated to chromosomal anomalies the lethality was, respectively, 72.25%, 91.06% and 97.96%, during the study period. For CDH as a whole and for all subgroups, 50% of deaths occurred within the first day after birth.
During a 12-year period in São Paulo State, Brazil, CDH prevalence and neonatal mortality showed a significant increase, while lethality remained stable, yet very high, compared to rates reported in high income countries.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article aimed to report a temporal series of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)-associated neonatal mortality rates in preterm live births in São Paulo state, Brazil, and to identify social, ...maternal, and neonatal characteristics associated with these deaths.
This is a population-based study of all live births with gestational age (GA) between 22 and 36 weeks, birth weight ≥400 g, without congenital anomalies from mothers living in São Paulo state during 2004 to 2015. RDS-associated neonatal mortality was defined as death up to 27 days after birth with ICD-10 codes P22.0 or P28.0. RDS-associated neonatal mortality rate (annual percent change APC with 95% confidence intervals 95% CIs) was analyzed by Prais-Winsten. Kaplan-Meier estimator identified the time after birth that the RDS-associated neonatal death occurred. Poisson's regression model compared social maternal and neonatal characteristics between preterm live births that survived the neonatal period and those with RDS-associated neonatal deaths, with results expressed in incidence rate ratio and 95% CI.
A total of 645,276 preterm live births were included in the study, of which 612,110 survived and 11,078 had RDS-associated neonatal deaths. RDS-associated neonatal mortality rate was 17.17 per thousand preterm live births, with a decreasing annual trend (APC: -6.50%; 95% CI: -9.11 to -3.82%). The median time of these deaths was 48 hours after birth. The following risk factors for RDS-associated neonatal death were identified: maternal schooling ≤7 years (1.18; 1.09-1.29), zero to three prenatal care visits (1.25; 1.18-1.32), multiple pregnancy (1.24; 1.16-1.33), vaginal delivery (1.29; 1.22-1.36), GA 22 to 27 weeks (106.35; 98.36-114.98), GA 28 to 31 weeks (20.12; 18.62-21.73), male sex (1.16; 1.10-1.22), and 5-minute Apgar scores of 0 to 3 (6.74; 6.08-7.47) and 4 to 6 (3.97; 3.72-4.23).
During the study period, RDS-associated neonatal mortality rates showed significant reduction. The relationship between RDS-associated neonatal deaths and social, maternal, and neonatal factors suggests the need for perinatal strategies to reduce prematurity and to improve the initial management of preterm infants.
· RDS is associated with preterm live births.. · Impact of RDS-associated neonatal mortality in middle-income countries is scarce.. · Qualified perinatal care can reduce RDS-associated neonatal mortality..
Abstract
Background
Prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are strongly associated. RDS continues to be an important contributor to neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income ...countries. This study aimed to identify clusters of preterm live births and RDS-associated neonatal deaths, and their cooccurrence pattern in São Paulo State, Brazil, between 2004 and 2015.
Methods
Population-based study of all live births with gestational age ≥ 22 weeks, birthweight ≥ 400 g, without congenital anomalies from mothers living in São Paulo State, Brazil, during 2004–2015. RDS-associated neonatal mortality was defined as deaths < 28 days with ICD-10 codes P22.0 or P28.0. RDS-associated neonatal mortality and preterm live births rates per municipality were submitted to first- and second-order spatial analysis before and after smoothing using local Bayes estimates. Spearman test was applied to identify the correlation pattern between both rates.
Results
Six hundred forty-five thousand two hundred seventy-six preterm live births and 11,078 RDS-associated neonatal deaths in São Paulo State, Brazil, during the study period were analyzed. After smoothing, a non-random spatial distribution of preterm live births rate (
I
= 0.78;
p
= 0.001) and RDS-associated neonatal mortality rate (
I
= 0.73;
p
= 0.001) was identified. LISA maps confirmed clusters for both, with a negative correlation (
r
= -0.24;
p
= 0.0000). Clusters of high RDS-associated neonatal mortality rates overlapping with clusters of low preterm live births rates were detected.
Conclusions
Asymmetric cluster distribution of preterm live births and RDS-associated neonatal deaths may be helpful to indicate areas for perinatal healthcare improvement.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aimed to analyze, in the São Paulo state of Brazil, time trends in prevalence, neonatal mortality, and neonatal lethality of central nervous system congenital malformations (CNS-CM) ...between 2004 and 2015.
Population-based study of all live births with gestational age ≥22 weeks and/or birthweight ≥400 g from mothers living in São Paulo State, during 2004-2015. CNS-CM was defined by the presence of International Classification Disease 10th edition codes Q00-Q07 in the death and/or live birth certificates. CNS-CM was classified as isolated (only Q00-Q07 codes), and non-isolated (with congenital anomalies codes nonrelated to CNS-CM). CNS-CM associated neonatal death was defined as death between 0 and 27 days after birth in infants with CNS-CM. CNS-CM prevalence, neonatal mortality, and lethality rates were calculated, and their annual trends were analyzed by Prais-Winsten Model. The annual percent change (APC) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was obtained.
7,237,628 live births were included in the study and CNS-CM were reported in 7526 (0.1%). CNS-CM associated neonatal deaths occurred in 2935 (39.0%). Isolated CNS-CM and non-isolated CNS-CM were found respectively in 5475 and 2051 livebirths, with 1525 (28%) and 1410 (69%) neonatal deaths. CNS-CM prevalence and neonatal lethality were stationary, however neonatal mortality decreased (APC -1.66; 95%CI -3.09 to -0.21) during the study. For isolated CNS-CM, prevalence, neonatal mortality, and lethality decreased over the period. For non-isolated CNS-CM, the prevalence increased, neonatal mortality was stationary, and lethality decreased during the period. The median time of CNS-CM associated neonatal deaths was 18 h after birth.
During a 12-year period in São Paulo State, Brazil, neonatal mortality of infants with CNS-CM in general and with isolated CNS-CM showed a decreasing pattern. Nevertheless CNS-CM mortality remained elevated, mostly in the first day after birth.
A substantial increase in melanoma incidence has been consistently observed worldwide over the past decades. However, melanoma mortality rates have remained stable or declined over the past years in ...most regions. Given the paucity of melanoma mortality data for different Brazilian regions, we sought to describe melanoma mortality trends in southeastern Brazil and their relationship with demographic variables.
A cross-sectional registry-based analysis was conducted to describe melanoma mortality trends in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1996 to 2016. Demographic information from melanoma-related death records, including sex and age, was collected from the Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados database. The annual percentage change (APC) was calculated to identify mortality trends over the period.
An increasing melanoma mortality trend was detected among males, regardless of age (APC, 1.72%;
< .001), and was more pronounced for men ≥ 60 years old (APC, 2.63%;
< .001). Melanoma mortality rates have also increased for patients ≥ 60 years old, regardless of sex (APC, 1.11%;
< .001). A non-statistically significant increase in the overall melanoma mortality rate was observed over the 20-year period analyzed (APC, 0.36%;
= .4).
Our data suggest a stable melanoma mortality over the past two decades for the overall population studied; however, a significant increase in melanoma mortality rates has been demonstrated among males and in the population ≥ 60 years old, emphasizing the need to implement prevention strategies and expand access to effective therapies for this population.
The incidence and mortality of melanoma is increasing in many countries, including Brazil. Survival studies are still scarce in our country, but much needed to know and address this problem better.
...To analyze the disease-specific survival of patients with invasive melanoma and to correlate it with clinical and histopathological variables.
Retrospective cohort analysis of 565 cases of invasive melanoma in a tertiary hospital with the objective of testing variables that could be associated with a worse prognosis, such as gender, phototype, thickness, histological type and presence of pre-existing clinical lesion at the site of the tumor.
The worst survival rates were significantly associated with thicker tumors (p<0.001), male sex (p=0.014), high phototype (p=0.047), nodular melanoma (p=0.024) and “de novo” lesions (p=0.005). When all variables were adjusted for melanoma thickness, male patients (p=0.011) and “de novo” melanomas (p=0.025) remained associated with worse survival.
Retrospective study of a single tertiary hospital.
Although the causes are still unknown, melanoma-specific survival was statistically worse for males and for “de novo” melanomas even after adjustment of tumor thickness.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Premature birth, perinatal asphyxia, and infections are the main causes of neonatal death. Growth deviations at birth also affect neonatal survival according to week of gestation at birth, ...particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to verify the association between inappropriate birth weight and neonatal death in term live births.
This is an observational follow-up study with all term live births from 2004 to 2013 in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Data were retrieved with the deterministic linkage of death and birth certificates. The definition of very small for gestational age (VSGA) and very large for gestational age (VLGA) used the 10th percentile of 37 weeks and the 90th percentile of 41 weeks + 6 days, respectively, based on the Intergrowth-21st. We measured the outcome in terms of time to death and the status of each subject (death or censorship) in the neonatal period (0-27 days). Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method stratified according to the adequacy of birth weight into three groups (normal, very small, or very large). We used multivariate Cox regression to adjust for proportional hazard ratios (HRs).
The neonatal death rate during the study period was 12.03/10,000 live births. We found 1.8% newborns with VSGA and 2.7% with VLGA. The adjusted analysis showed a significant increase in mortality risk for VSGA infants (HR = 4.25; 95% CI: 3.89-4.65), independent of sex, 1-min Apgar score, and five maternal factors.
The risk of neonatal death in full-term live births was approximately four times greater in those with birth weight restriction. The development of strategies to control the factors that determine fetal growth restriction through planned and structured prenatal care can substantially reduce the risk of neonatal death in full-term live births, especially in developing countries such as Brazil.
RESUMO: A disponibilidade de grandes bases de dados informatizadas em saúde tornou a técnica de linkage uma alternativa para diferentes tipos de estudos, proporcionando a geração de uma base de dados ...mais completa e de baixo custo operacional. Objetivo: Melhorar a qualidade e a completitude dos casos incidentes de câncer por meio dos linkages probabilístico e determinístico entre o Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de São Paulo (RCBP-SP), o banco de dados de óbitos e de Autorização e Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade. Método: Foi utilizado o banco de dados do RCBP-SP, composto de 343.306 casos de câncer incidentes no município de São Paulo entre 1997 e 2005, com idades entre 1 e 106 anos, de ambos os sexos. Para o linkage foram utilizadas três bases de dados, a saber: do Programa de Aprimoramento de Mortalidade no Município de São Paulo (PRO-AIM), da Fundação SEADE e da Autorização e Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade/Custo do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do Sistema Único de Saúde (APAC-SIA/SUS). Foram analisadas os coeficientes brutos de incidência (CBI) e mortalidade (CBM) e a sobrevida global pela técnica de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Após o linkage, verificou-se um ganho de 4,3% para a CBI e 25,8% para a CBM. Na análise de sobrevida global antes do linkage havia uma subestimação da probabilidade de estar vivo para todas as variáveis analisadas (p < 0,001). Conclusão: As técnicas de linkage contribuíram para a melhora da qualidade da informação do RCBP-SP tanto na completitude das variáveis quanto na definição do status vital do paciente, refletindo a capacidade das bases de dados, quando trabalhadas de maneira conjunta, de fornecerem subsídios para diversos tipos de estudos e informações para o planejamento de ações políticas e estratégicas.
The aim of this study was to improve the quality of information and data completeness through probabilistic and deterministic record linkage between Population-based Cancer Registry of São Paulo ...(PBCR-SP) for incident cancer cases, death database and drugs/medical procedures database.
We used the database of the PBCRP-SP composed of 343,306 incident cancer cases in the municipality of São Paulo in the period between 1997 and 2005 with ages raging from under 1 to 106 years old, from both sexes. Three databases were used for linkage, namely Improvement Program for Mortality Information in São Paulo city (PRO-AIM), Authorization of Procedures of High Complexity/Cost of Outpatient Information System from the Unified Health System (APAC-SIA/SUS), and Foundation State System of Data Analysis (Foundation SEADE). Crude incidence (CIR) and mortality rates (CMR) were calculated and overall survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.
After record linkage, it was possible to observe gain of 4.3% for the CIR and 25.8% for CMR. The overall survival analysis showed that before record linkage there was an underestimation of the probability of being alive for all variables (p < 0.001).
The linkage techniques contributed with the improvement of the quality of RCBP-SP information both on completeness of data, as in defining the vital status of the patient. In addition, the results found in this study reflect the ability of databases when worked jointly, providing subsidies for various types of studies and information for planning policies and strategic actions.
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