We and others have shown that HIV-1 highly-exposed seronegative (HESN) female commercial sex workers (CSWs) maintain low genital inflammatory conditions to prevent HIV infection. HIV-1 interacts with ...toll-like receptors (TLR)-7/8 to induce interferon (IFN)-α, an important antiviral and immunomodulatory cytokine, which act together with interleukin (IL)-10, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G and immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-4 to initiate a "tolerogenic/regulatory" anti-inflammatory loop. In view of further unravelling elements associated with natural immunity to HIV-1, we have characterised TLR-7, IFN-α, IL-10, HLA-G and ILT-4 expression profiles in the genital tract of female CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs from Benin. Endocervical myeloid HLA-DR
cells from HESN CSWs expressed higher levels of IFN-α, TLR-7, IL-10 and HLA-G than those from both HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs. Further characterization of the endocervical myeloid HLA-DR
cells in HESN CSWs revealed a population of "tolerogenic" CD103
CD14
CD11c
myeloid cells expressing high levels of IFN-α and IL-10. Concomitantly, HESN CSWs had higher frequencies of endocervical regulatory CD4
T-cells when compared to those from the two other groups of women. These novel findings provide strong evidence to support the implication of tolerogenic myeloid cells expressing high levels of antiviral molecules in shaping the genital mucosal immune response to prevent HIV infection.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Clostridium difficile generally causes diarrhoea and colitis. Small-bowel infections are considered to be rare. Twelve cases of ileal C. difficile infections are presented, including the first ...reported case proven to be caused by the hypervirulent BI/NAP1/027 strain. This case series suggests that small bowel involvement in C. difficile infections may be more frequent than previously thought.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Multiphilic Descriptor for Chemical Reactivity and Selectivity Padmanabhan, J.; Parthasarathi, R.; Elango, M. ...
The journal of physical chemistry. A, Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment, & general theory,
09/2007, Volume:
111, Issue:
37
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In line with the local philicity concept proposed by Chattaraj et al. (Chattaraj, P. K.; Maiti, B.; Sarkar, U. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2003, 107, 4973) and a dual descriptor derived by Morell, Grand and ...Toro-Labbé, (J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 205), we propose a multiphilic descriptor. It is defined as the difference between nucleophilic ( ) and electrophilic ( ) condensed philicity functions. This descriptor is capable of simultaneously explaining the nucleophilicity and electrophilicity of the given atomic sites in the molecule. Variation of these quantities along the path of a soft reaction is also analyzed. Predictive ability of this descriptor has been successfully tested on the selected systems and reactions. Corresponding force profiles are also analyzed in some representative cases. Also, to study the intra- and intermolecular reactivities another related descriptor, namely, the nucleophilicity excess (Δ ) for a nucleophile over the electrophilicity in it, has been defined and tested on all-metal aromatic compounds.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is known to be associated with mild to severe respiratory infections. Recent reports in the United States and Canada of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children with ...detection of EV-D68 in respiratory samples have raised concerns about the aetiological role of this EV type in severe neurological disease. This case study is the first report of AFP following EV-D68 infection in Europe.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medications using the XEN
Gel Stent as a solo procedure or in association with phacoemulsification in ...patients with chronic open angle glaucoma (OAG).
We included cohort studies with at least one year of follow-up in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudo-exfoliative glaucoma (PXG) or pigmentary glaucoma (PG) who received a XEN
gel stent. The main outcome measure was IOP reduction at 12 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes were the decrease in glaucoma medications 12 months after surgery, frequency and type of postoperative interventions and complication rate.
A total of 8 case series published between 2016 and 2018 were included; six were prospective studies, and two were retrospective. There was no randomized controlled trial. The data concerned a total of 958 eyes of 777 patients. The various studies showed a mean IOP at 12 months between 13 and 16mmHg, which represented an IOP reduction between 25 and 56% (mean: 42%). This decrease was associated with a reduction in glaucoma medications in all studies. The decrease in IOP was significantly greater in XEN
implantation as a stand-alone procedure (44%) than in combined surgery (32%) (P<0.05). Transient hypotony (< 1 month) (3%), choroidal detachment or choroidal folds (1.5%), hyphema (1.9%), bleb leak (1.1%) and shallow anterior chamber (1.1%) were the most frequent complications. As for severe complications, four cases of malignant glaucoma (0.4%) and one case of retinal detachment have been reported. In the follow-up period, needling has been required in 32% of cases, and a total of 55 eyes (5.7%) required repeat filtering surgery or cyclodestructive procedure.
XEN
Gel Stent appears effective for reducing IOP and the number of medications in OAG patients within 1 year postoperatively with an acceptable safety profile. However, vigilant postoperative follow-up and frequent postoperative maneuvers are required.
Sporadic community-acquired legionellosis (SCAL) can be acquired through contaminated aerosols from residential potable water. Electricity-dependent hot-water tanks are widely used in the province of ...Quebec (Canada) and have been shown to be frequently contaminated with Legionella spp. We prospectively investigated the homes of culture-proven SCAL patients from Quebec in order to establish the proportion of patients whose domestic potable hot-water system was contaminated with the same Legionella isolate that caused their pneumonia. Water samples were collected in each patient's home. Environmental and clinical isolates were compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Thirty-six patients were enrolled into the study. Legionella was recovered in 12/36 (33%) homes. The residential and clinical isolates were found to be microbiologically related in 5/36 (14%) patients. Contaminated electricity-heated domestic hot-water systems contribute to the acquisition of SCAL. The proportion is similar to previous reports, but may be underestimated.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Study objective: The Vesta project aims to assess the role of traffic related air pollution in the occurrence of childhood asthma. Design and setting: Case-control study conducted in five French ...metropolitan areas between 1998 and 2000. A set of 217 pairs of matched 4 to 14 years old cases and controls were investigated. An index of lifelong exposure to traffic exhausts was constructed, using retrospective information on traffic density close to all home and school addresses since birth; this index was also calculated for the 0–3 years age period to investigate the effect of early exposures. Main results: Adjusted on environmental tobacco smoke, personal and parental allergy, and several confounders, lifelong exposure was not associated with asthma. In contrast, associations before age of 3 were significant: odds ratios for tertiles 2 and 3 of the exposure index, relative to tertile 1, exhibited a positive trend (1.48 (95%CI = 0.7 to 3.0) and 2.28 (1.1 to 4.6)), with greater odds ratios among subjects with positive skin prick tests. Conclusions: These results suggest that traffic related pollutants might have contributed to the asthma epidemic that has taken place during the past decades among children.
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BFBNIB, CMK, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Les allergies chez l’enfant représentent un problème de santé publique en raison de leur fréquence et de l’altération de la qualité de vie qu’elles génèrent. Cette revue fait le point sur l’état ...actuel du diagnostic allergologique en pédiatrie, de la clinique à l’immunologie. De nombreux tests in vivo et in vitro sont à la disposition du clinicien qu’il soit ou non un spécialiste. Les prick tests restent incontournables pour la recherche d’une allergie respiratoire alors que les tests de provocation par voie orale sont indispensables pour affirmer une allergie alimentaire ou médicamenteuse. Les progrès de la biologie moléculaire ont modifié l’approche traditionnelle en offrant une détection plus précise des composants allergéniques.
Childhood allergies pose a public health problem on account of their frequency and their impairment of quality of life. The present review focuses on the current status of allergy testing in children from the clinical standpoint through to immunological studies. Numerous in vitro and in vivo diagnostic tests are available for allergy detection. Skin prick tests are useful in screening for respiratory allergies while oral challenge tests are best for identifying suspected food or drug allergies. Thanks to progress in biological engineering of recombinant and native allergens for the assessment of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, a patient's individual sensitization profile can now be obtained relatively simply.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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