Currently, microbial bioactive substances (postbiotics) are considered a promising tool for achieving customer demand for natural preservatives. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ...an edible coating developed by Malva sylvestris seed polysaccharide mucilage (MSM) and postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii ATCC MYA-796 (PSB) for the preservation of lamb meat. PSB were synthesized, and a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were used to determine their chemical components and main functional groups, respectively. The Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride techniques were utilized to assess the total flavonoid and phenolic levels of PSB. Following that, PSB has been incorporated into the coating mixture, which contains MSM, and its potential radical scavenging and antibacterial activities on lamb meat samples were determined after 10 days of 4 °C storage. PSB contains 2-Methyldecane, 2-Methylpiperidine, phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl), 5,10-Diethoxy-2,3,7,8- tetrahydro-1H,6H-dipyrrolo1,2-a:1′,2′-d pyrazine, and Ergotaman-3′,6′,18-trione, 12′-hydroxy-2′-methyl-5′-(phenylmethyl)-, (5’alpha) as well as various organic acids with significant radical scavenging activity (84.60 ± 0.62 %) and antibacterial action toward Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria innocua as foodborne pathogens. The edible PSB-MSM coating effectively reduced microbial growth and increased meat shelf life (> 10 days). When PSB solutions were added to the edible coating, the moisture content, pH value, and hardness of the samples were also more successfully maintained (P < 0.05). The PSB-MSM coating inhibited lipid oxidation in meat samples considerably and diminished the formation of primary as well as secondary oxidation intermediates (P < 0.05). Additionally, when MSM + 10 % PSB edible coating was utilized, the sensory properties of the samples were maintained more well during preservation. As a significance, the use of edible coatings based on PSB and MSM is efficient in decreasing microbiological and chemical degradation in lamb meat during preservation.
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•Postbiotics (PSB) was prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii.•PSB was incorporated into Malva sylvestris mucilage (MSM) to develop edible antimicrobial coating.•The PSB-MSM coating significantly decreased the production of primary and secondary oxidation products.•The PSB-MSM coating postponed the growth of microorganisms and extend lamb meat shelf life (>10 days).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Understanding the dysregulation ...of Tregs, dynamic cells involved in autoimmunity, is crucial in comprehending diseases like MS. However, the role of lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag-3) in MS remains unclear.
Methods
In this study, we explore the potential of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs-Exs) as an immune modulator in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS.
Results
Using flow cytometry, our research findings indicate that groups receiving treatment with hUMSC-Exs revealed a significant increase in Lag-3 expression on Foxp3 + CD4 + T cells. Furthermore, cell proliferation conducted on spleen tissue samples from EAE mice using the CFSE method exposed to hUMSC-Exs yielded relevant results.
Conclusions
These results suggest that hUMSCs-Exs could be a promising anti-inflammatory agent to regulate T-cell responses in EAE and other autoimmune diseases. However, further research is necessary to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and Lag-3’s precise role in these conditions.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Currently, a large number of people favor meals that are rich in nutraceuticals and phytochemical compounds, which help with the treatment or prevention of chronic diseases. Oral bioavailability is a ...crucial component of phytochemical bioefficiency, and endogenous mechanisms have a significant impact on how well nutraceuticals and phytochemicals are absorbed by the body. In addition to endogenous variables, exogenous factors that impact the bioavailability of bioactives include the food matrix, food processing, and food storage. Different delivery systems have evolved in this regard, and nanoscale delivery tools have also been created. Delivery methods that use nanostructured lipid carriers show benefits such as enhanced loading capacity, solubility, encapsulation effectiveness, storage stability, bioavailability, and half-life. They also provide safe food systems and regulated release. In this review, the outcomes of recent experimental reports are comprehensively reviewed. In addition, the food processing, storage, gut milieu circumstances, the release process from the food and nano delivery systems in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) milieu, interactions with other GIT constituents, main delivery systems based on nanostructured lipid carriers for their encapsulation and eventually encapsulating technological barriers, food safety concerns, and regulatory issues of nutraceutical and phytochemical compounds are discussed.
The medicinal characteristics of garlic's (Allium sativum L.) dynamically bioactive constituents such as alliin, allicin, ajoene, S-allyl-cysteine, S-trityl-L-cysteine, diallyl sulfide, and ...S-allylmercaptocysteine, have gained a lot of scientific attention from a large number of investigators who have occupied the related pre-clinical and clinical studies, as well as in the industrial sector. The outcomes from basic investigations demonstrated that, depending on the type of food processing, the presence of bioactive compounds in the matrix of garlic have a coherent and direct relation with the appearance/development of health-promoting effects in the host. Besides, it can be acknowledged that at present spectroscopic and chemometric techniques are powerful tools to detect fraud, prevent criminal activities of fraudsters, and ensure food chain safety, and future studies should lead to further progress, such as portable and hand-held spectroscopy devices for rapid on-site analysis, in this field. There have been also many issues on the effects of processing on garlic's bioactive compounds, potential toxicities, pharmacokinetics, and safety profile of these elements that should be studied to validate the health advantages of garlic in humans. In this review, the outcomes of recent experimental and clinical reports are reviewed and metabolism pathway, bioavailability, biological/therapeutically effects, food-related applicability, methods of adulteration detection, potential toxicities, and safety profile of garlic's derived bio-compounds are discussed.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
As one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases, celiac disease (CD) affects 1% of people globally and is frequently linked to the HLA-DQ2/DQ8 polymorphism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The ...possibility of different symptom severities between pediatric and adult populations, as well as the heterogeneity amongst them, might make diagnosis difficult. However, there are currently accessible diagnostic techniques, such as duodenal mucosal biopsies, serological screening for IgA and IgG as transglutaminase 2 specific antibodies, HLA haplotypes DQ8 and DQ2 and endoscopic assessment that is assessed on both healthy and vulnerable individuals. The only effective treatment for CD at the moment is rigorous, lifetime adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), which is sometimes a difficult challenge. The symptoms of accidental gluten intake cannot be controlled or mucosal damage prevented by a GFD alone. Additionally, many people may experience long-term consequences. There is hence an unmet demand for further therapies that can contain a reasonable combination of dietary- and non-dietary-based therapies for the management of CD. In this review, while exploring various aspects of etiology, pathophysiology, and nutritional issues related to CD, the latest findings of preclinical and clinical studies related to dietary- and non-dietary-based therapies are discussed.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Tuberculosis is one of the leading health-threatening globally, especially in developing countries. Several factors such as bacterial, environmental, and host factors contribute to the spreading of ...this disease. With the emphasis on bacterial factors, different lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have different dissemination rates due to genetic variation, proteome content diversity, and different drug-resistance rates, as well as differences in their virulence rate, which has made diversity in the prevalence of these lineages and their dissemination in certain geographical areas. Among different M. tuberculosis lineages, Beijing strains in lineage 2 are more transmissible than other strains due to their specific characteristics, making them more adapted to intracellular life and increasing pathogenicity in the host. Measures such as rapid diagnosis and timely treatments are needed to control tuberculosis effectively. The disease will be widespread in the community if preventive measures are delayed. This study aimed a comprehensive, complete, and objective investigation of the bacterial factors that are effective in the transmission of tuberculosis and their mechanisms in disease progression to be aware of them in the effective control of the disease.
Due to its physiological benefits from in vitro and in vivo points of view, Akkermansia muciniphila, a common colonizer in the human gut mucous layer, has consistently been identified as an option ...for the next-generation probiotic. A. muciniphila is a significant bacterium that promotes host physiology. However, it also has a great deal of potential to become a probiotic due to its physiological advantages in a variety of therapeutic circumstances. Therefore, it can be established that the abundance of A. muciniphila in the gut environment, which is controlled by many genetic and dietary variables, is related to the biological behaviors of the intestinal microbiota and gut dysbiosis/eubiosis circumstances. Before A. muciniphila is widely utilized as a next-generation probiotic, regulatory obstacles, the necessity for significant clinical trials, and the sustainability of manufacturing must be eliminated. In this review, the outcomes of recent experimental and clinical reports are comprehensively reviewed, and common colonization patterns, main factors involved in the colonization of A. muciniphila in the gut milieu, their functional mechanisms in establishing homeostasis in the metabolic and energy pathways, the promising delivery role of microencapsulation, potential genetic engineering strategies, and eventually safety issues of A. muciniphila have been discussed.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The priority of the Sustainable Development Goals for 2022 is to reduce all causes related to mortality. In this regard, microbial bioactive compounds with characteristics such as optimal ...compatibility and close interaction with the host immune system are considered a novel therapeutic approach. The fermentation process is one of the most well-known pathways involved in the natural synthesis of a diverse range of postbiotics. However, some postbiotics are a type of probiotic response behavior to environmental stimuli that usually play well-known biological roles. Also, postbiotics with unique structure and function are key mediators between intestinal microbiota and host cellular processes/metabolic pathways that play a significant role in maintaining homeostasis. By further understanding the nature of parent microbial cells, factors affecting their metabolic pathways, and the development of compatible extraction and identification methods, it is possible to achieve certain formulations of postbiotics with special efficiencies, which in turn will significantly improve the performance of health systems (especially in developing countries) toward a wide range of acute/chronic diseases. The present review aims to describe the fundamental role of postbiotics as the key mediators of the microbiota-host interactions. Besides, it presents the available current evidence regarding the interaction between postbiotics and host cells through potential cell receptors, stimulation/improvement of immune system function, and the enhancement of the composition and function of the human microbiome.
