Maps and Colours Lange, Diana; van der Linde, Benjamin
2024, Volume:
3
eBook
This book demonstrates the potential of the study of colour to enhance our understanding of the material nature and production of maps and the historical, social, geographical, and political contexts ...in which they were made.
Colour on maps is a key component in their use and meaning. Hitherto, however, the terms by which the different categories of the purpose of colour are usually described tend to be inconsistent. The ...aim in this brief note is to discuss these terminologies and suggest a working definition for each, with a view to establishing, in the longer term, an explicit methodology for the study of colour on maps. To illustrate the three key terms discussed here, particular reference is made to manuscript maps and hand-coloured woodblock prints produced in East Asia, especially in Korea and China before the twentieth century.
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Diana Lange has solved the mysteries of six panoramic maps of 19th c. Tibet and the Himalayas, known as the British Library's Wise Collection. The result is both a spectacular illustrated ...ethnographic atlas and a unique compendium of knowledge concerning the mid-19th century Tibetan world, as well as a remarkable account of an academic journey of discovery. This large format book is lavishly illustrated in colour and includes four separate large foldout maps.
With a multi-perspective approach and transdisciplinary methods (humanities and sciences), this book offers an in-depth and systematic study of hand-drawn and hand-coloured maps from East Asia. Map ...colouring provides an insight into past societies, landscapes and territories. Colour is an important key to a more precise understanding of the map’s content, purposes and uses; moreover, colours are also an important aspect of a map’s materiality. The material scientific analysis of colourants makes it possible to find out more about maps’ material nature and their production as well as the social, geographical and political context in which they were made. ‘Reading’ colours in this way gives a glimpse into the social lives of mapmakers as well as map users and reveals the complexity of the historical and social context in which maps were produced and how the maps were actually made.
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is a technology that is currently used for most packaged salads and fresh-cut vegetables, and to a lesser extent, fresh-cut fruit such as cantaloupe ( Cucumis melo ...L.), pineapple Ananas comosus L. (Merr.), and apple ( Malus ×domestica Borkh.). In addition, about 750 million lb (340,200 Mg) of strawberries ( Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.), raspberries ( Rubus idaeus L.) and sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L.) are distributed in MAP annually. The fresh produce packaging industry has developed new films to respond to increased produce consumption and changes in the use of film packaging within different produce marketing segments. The produce film industry sold 60 million lb (27,200 Mg) of film in 1994, and in 2000 it is forecasted to sell 110 million lb (49,900 Mg), an increase of 83%. The distribution of film usage has also changed since 1994 when film consumption patterns were as follows: 20% 12 million lb (5,400 Mg) retail, 15% 9 million lb (4,100 Mg) warehouse clubstores, and 65% 39 million lb (17,700 Mg) food service. In 2000 it is projected that consumption patterns will be as follows: 25% 27.5 million lb (12,500 Mg) retail, 20% 22 million lb (10,000 Mg) warehouse clubstores, and 55% 60.5 million lb (27,400 Mg) food service. These changes represent a 10% shift in film market segment usage patterns away from food service applications to an increase of 5% for each of the retail and warehouse clubstore segments.
Changes in cytosolic and vacuolar pH, ATP, ADP, and the ATP: ADP ratio were measured in whole fruit or mesocarp disks of avocado Persea americana (Mill.) cv. Hass during brief exposures to elevated ...CO2. Intact climacteric fruit exposed to air (21% O2), 20% CO2 (17% O2, balance N2), or 40% CO2 (13% O2, balance N2) had cytosolic pH values of 7.0, 6.6, and 6.4, respectively, while mesocarp disks had cytosolic pH values of 6.9, 6.7, and 6.4, respectively. The beta-ATP levels of intact climacteric fruit exposed to 20% CO2 or 40% CO2 for 2 h were reduced by 25% or 43%, respectively, relative to air-exposed fruit. HPLC analysis of nucleotide phosphates from preclimacteric avocados revealed that ATP levels and the ATP: ADP ratio increased in 40% compared to the air-stored fruit. However, 1 day after transfer to air, the effects of elevated CO2 had dissipated. These modifications in cellular state could alter the activity of respiratory enzymes in fruit exposed to elevated CO2 atmospheres
Shelf life (defined by visual quality) of freshly harvested greenhouse-grown sweet basil was maintained for an average of approximately 12 days at 15C. Chilling injury symptoms were severe at storage ...temperatures of 5C and below. Shelf life was found to be only 1 and 3 days at 0 and 5C, respectively. Moderate chilling injury was noted at 7.5 and 10C. Harvesting sweet basil later in the day (i.e., 1800 or 2200 HR) increased shelf life by almost 100% when harvested shoots were held at 10, 15, and 20C, compared to harvesting at 0200 or 0600 HR. However, the time of day of harvest did not alter the development of visual chilling injury symptoms or improve shelf life at 0 or 5C
Objectives: Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy are rarely reported complications of clozapine treatment. The incidence of clozapine‐related myocarditis has been variably reported at between 0.03% and ...0.19% of initiations and cardiomyopathy has been reported even less commonly. In our Brisbane‐based service, nine of 94 patients initiated on clozapine over the previous 3 years appeared to have experienced myocarditis or cardiomyopathy. The unique co‐location of our service with a major cardiothoracic hospital facilitated a review of identified cases to inform decisions regarding clozapine treatment and rechallenge in this service.
Method: Cases were identified by survey of psychiatric and cardiac medical staff at The Prince Charles Hospital and subjected to re‐evaluation by a multidiscipline consensus panel. The panel compared cases to international reports and identified the clinical features that supported a diagnosis of clozapine‐related myocarditis or cardiomyopathy.
Results: This process resulted in the stratification of the nine cases into the following categories of diagnostic likelihood: three highly probable, three probable, and two possible cases of clozapine‐related myocarditis, and one possible case of clozapine‐related cardiomyopathy. Successful clozapine rechallenge/continuation was undertaken in two patients and the panel agreed that this was a viable future option for several other patients.
Conclusions: Findings of the panel review supported the initial clinical diagnoses. This confirmed that there was an apparent high incidence of clozapine‐related myocarditis within this service, for which there was no clear reason. Mechanisms underlying clozapine‐related myocarditis and cardiomyopathy, as well as successful clozapine continuation and rechallenge were considered, but definitive explanations remain unknown. This review highlighted the clinician's role in post‐marketing drug surveillance to guide rational management of suspected adverse drug effects.
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