An Avatar Architecture for the Web of Things Mrissa, Michael; Medini, Lionel; Jamont, Jean-Paul ...
IEEE internet computing,
2015-Mar.-Apr., 2015-3-00, 20150301, 2015-03, Volume:
19, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The Web of Things extends the Internet of Things by leveraging Web-based languages and protocols to access and control each physical object. In this article, the authors summarize ongoing work ...promoting the concept of an avatar as a new virtual abstraction to extend physical objects on the Web. An avatar is an extensible and distributed runtime environment endowed with an autonomous behavior. Avatars rely on Web languages, protocols, and reason about semantic annotations to dynamically drive connected objects, exploit their capabilities, and expose user-understandable functionalities as Web services. Avatars are also able to collaborate together to achieve complex tasks.
Terahertz (THz) spin‐to‐charge conversion has become an increasingly important process for THz pulse generation and as a tool to probe ultrafast spin interactions at magnetic interfaces. However, its ...relation to traditional, steady state, ferromagnetic resonance techniques is poorly understood. Here, nanometric trilayers of Co/X/Pt (X = Ti, Au or an Au:W alloy) are investigated as a function of the “X” layer thickness, where THz emission generated by the inverse spin Hall effect is compared to the Gilbert damping of the ferromagnetic resonance. Through the insertion of the “X” layer it is shown that the ultrafast spin current injected in the non‐magnetic layer defines a direct‐spin‐conductance, whereas the Gilbert damping leads to an effective spin‐mixing‐conductance of the trilayer. Importantly, it is shown that these two parameters are connected to each other and that spin‐memory‐losses can be modeled via an effective Hamiltonian with Rashba fields. This work highlights that magneto‐circuit concepts can be successfully extended to ultrafast spintronic devices, as well as enhancing the understanding of spin‐to‐charge conversion processes through the complementarity between ultrafast THz spectroscopy and steady state techniques.
Spintronic trilayers leading to high terahertz emission also display strong Gilbert damping of the ferromagnetic resonance. The correlation between these two measurements indicate the existence of a universal relation between spin conductance and spin‐memory‐losses. It follows that magneto‐circuits concepts can be successfully extended to ultrafast processes, providing useful guidance to the design of broadband and efficient emitters.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Identifying genes involved in vertebrate developmental processes and characterizing this involvement are daunting tasks, especially in the mouse where viviparity complicates investigations. ...Attempting to devise a streamlined approach for this type of study we focused on limb development. We cultured E10.5 and E12.5 embryos and performed transcriptional profiling to track molecular changes in the forelimb bud over a 6-hour time-window. The expression of certain genes was found to diverge rapidly from its normal path, possibly reflecting the activation of a stress-induced response. Others, however, maintained for up to 3 hours dynamic expression profiles similar to those seen in utero. Some of these resilient genes were known regulators of limb development. The implication of the others in this process was either unsuspected or unsubstantiated. The localized knockdown of two such genes, Fgf11 and Tbx1, hampered forelimb bud development, providing evidence of their implication. These results show that combining embryo culture, transcriptome analysis and RNA interference could speed up the identification of genes involved in a variety of developmental processes, and the validation of their implication.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, the WRF-Chem regional model is updated to improve simulated short-lived pollutants (e.g., aerosols, ozone) in the Arctic. Specifically, we include in WRF-Chem 3.5.1 (with SAPRC-99 ...gas-phase chemistry and MOSAIC aerosols) (1) a correction to the sedimentation of aerosols, (2) dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oceanic emissions and gas-phase chemistry, (3) an improved representation of the dry deposition of trace gases over seasonal snow, and (4) an UV-albedo dependence on snow and ice cover for photolysis calculations. We also (5) correct the representation of surface temperatures over melting ice in the Noah Land Surface Model and (6) couple and further test the recent KF-CuP (Kain–Fritsch + Cumulus Potential) cumulus parameterization that includes the effect of cumulus clouds on aerosols and trace gases. The updated model is used to perform quasi-hemispheric simulations of aerosols and ozone, which are evaluated against surface measurements of black carbon (BC), sulfate, and ozone as well as airborne measurements of BC in the Arctic. The updated model shows significant improvements in terms of seasonal aerosol cycles at the surface and root mean square errors (RMSEs) for surface ozone, aerosols, and BC aloft, compared to the base version of the model and to previous large-scale evaluations of WRF-Chem in the Arctic. These improvements are mostly due to the inclusion of cumulus effects on aerosols and trace gases in KF-CuP (improved RMSE for surface BC and BC profiles, surface sulfate, and surface ozone), the improved surface temperatures over sea ice (surface ozone, BC, and sulfate), and the updated trace gas deposition and UV albedo over snow and ice (improved RMSE and correlation for surface ozone). DMS emissions and chemistry improve surface sulfate at all Arctic sites except Zeppelin, and correcting aerosol sedimentation has little influence on aerosols except in the upper troposphere.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present an up-to-date profile of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix with emphasis on the interpretation of recent CP-violation results from the B factories. For this purpose, we review all ...relevant experimental and theoretical inputs from the contributing domains of electroweak interaction. We give the “standard” determination of the apex of the Unitarity Triangle, namely the Wolfenstein parameters \(\overline\rho\) and \(\overline\eta\), by means of a global CKM fit. The fit is dominated by the precision measurement of \(\sin 2 \beta\) by the B factories. A detailed numerical and graphical study of the impact of the results is presented. We propose to include \(\sin 2\alpha\) from the recent measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in \(B^0\to\rho^ + \rho^-\), using isospin relations to discriminate the penguin contribution. The constraint from \(\varepsilon^\prime/\varepsilon\) is discussed. We study the impact from the branching fraction measurement of the rare kaon decay \(K^ + \to\pi^ + \nu\overline\nu\), and give an outlook into the reach of a future measurement of \(K^0_L\to\pi^0\nu\overline\nu\). The B system is investigated in detail. We display the constraint on \(2\beta + \gamma\) and \(\gamma\) from \(B^0\to D^{(*)\pm}\pi^\mp\) and \(B^ + \to D^{(*)0}K^ + \) decays, respectively. A significant part of this paper is dedicated to the understanding of the dynamics of B decays into \(\pi\pi\), \(K\pi\), \(\rho\pi\), \(\rho\rho\) and modes related to these by flavor symmetry. Various phenomenological approaches and theoretical frameworks are discussed. We find a remarkable agreement of the \(\pi\pi\) and \(K\pi\) data with the other constraints in the unitarity plane when the hadronic matrix elements are calculated within QCD Factorization, where we apply a conservative treatment of the theoretical uncertainties. A global fit of QCD Factorization to all \(\pi\pi\) and \(K\pi\) data leads to precise predictions of the related observables. However sizable phenomenological power corrections are preferred. Using an isospin-based phenomenological parameterization, we analyze separately the \(B\to K\pi\) decays, and the impact of electroweak penguins in response to recent discussions. We find that the present data are not sufficiently precise to constrain either electroweak parameters or hadronic amplitude ratios. We do not observe any unambiguous sign of New Physics, whereas there is some evidence for potentially large non-perturbative rescattering effects. Finally we use a model-independent description of a large class of New Physics effects in both \(B^0\overline B^0\) mixing and B decays, namely in the \(b\to d\) and \(b\to s\) gluonic penguin amplitudes, to perform a new numerical analysis. Significant non-standard corrections cannot be excluded yet, however Standard Model solutions are favored in most cases. In the appendix to this paper we propose a frequentist method to extract a confidence level on \(\Delta m_s\) from the experimental information on \(B^0_s \overline B_s^0\) oscillation. In addition we describe a novel approach to combine potentially inconsistent measurements. All results reported in this paper have been obtained with the numerical analysis package CKMfitter, featuring the frequentist statistical approach Rfit.
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DOBA, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Purpose
Hyperglycaemia is an adaptive response to stress commonly observed in critical illness. Its management remains debated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Individualising hyperglycaemia ...management, by targeting the patient’s pre-admission usual glycaemia, could improve outcome.
Methods
In a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, critically-ill adults were considered for inclusion. Patients underwent until ICU discharge either individualised glucose control by targeting the pre-admission usual glycaemia using the glycated haemoglobin A1c level at ICU admission (IC group), or conventional glucose control by maintaining glycaemia below 180 mg/dL (CC group). A non-commercial web application of a dynamic sliding-scale insulin protocol gave to nurses all instructions for glucose control in both groups. The primary outcome was death within 90 days.
Results
Owing to a low likelihood of benefit and evidence of the possibility of harm related to hypoglycaemia, the study was stopped early. 2075 patients were randomized; 1917 received the intervention, 942 in the IC group and 975 in the CC group. Although both groups showed significant differences in terms of glycaemic control, survival probability at 90-day was not significantly different (IC group: 67.2%, 95% CI 64.2%; 70.3%; CC group: 69.6%, 95% CI 66.7%; 72.5%). Severe hypoglycaemia (below 40 mg/dL) occurred in 3.9% of patients in the IC group and in 2.5% of patients in the CC group (
p
= 0.09). A post hoc analysis showed for non-diabetic patients a higher risk of 90-day mortality in the IC group compared to the CC group (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.05; 1.59,
p
= 0.018).
Conclusion
Targeting an ICU patient’s pre-admission usual glycaemia using a dynamic sliding-scale insulin protocol did not demonstrate a survival benefit compared to maintaining glycaemia below 180 mg/dL.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Molten fluorides and liquid metallic solvents (shown in the photograph after cooling) are assessed as interesting media for operating at high temperature separations between actinides and fission ...products in specific nuclear reprocessing.
▪
Initially studied in the frame of the first French act on radioactive waste management (December 1991), the pyrotechnology is currently assessed by the Nuclear Energy Direction of the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) within the succeeding act (June 2006) as a potential alternative to hydrometallurgy for the reprocessing of targets or dedicated fuels (coming from accelerator-driven systems or ADS) considered for the minor actinides transmutation.
The R&D program is mainly focused on the evaluation of the fluoride melts as interesting media for operating separation between the actinides and the fission products. Two separation techniques are currently evaluated; the first one uses the liquid–liquid extraction technique between molten fluoride and liquid metal at high temperature, the second one is based on an electrolytic separation in a molten fluoride melt. Both are promising in terms of separation efficiency. This paper gives an overview of the current studies and presents the last main experimental results.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
gamma9delta2 T lymphocytes are non-conventional lymphocytes presenting a direct cytotoxic effect against a broad range of tumour targets. These cells also secrete inflammatory cytokines that can ...boost the other components of the immune system. In contrast to conventional CD8(+) T cells, the cytotoxic effect of gamma9delta2 T lymphocytes does not depend on the expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules by target tumour cells. INNACELL gammadeltatrade mark is a cell therapy product obtained by ex vivo amplification of mononuclear cells. The stimulation is achieved by a specific synthetic agonist of gamma9delta2 T lymphocytes, bromohydrin pyrophosphate (BrHPP). After a single stimulation with BrHPP, gamma9delta2 T lymphocytes are expanded for 2 weeks in a closed system in culture medium with interleukin-2 (IL-2). On day 15, cells are washed and harvested in 4% human serum albumin. In this manufacturing process, the total cell population is expanded by approximately 10-fold and gamma9delta2 T lymphocytes undergo a specific 1000-fold expansion, corresponding to a gamma9delta2 T lymphocyte enrichment of more than 70% at the end of the culture. This manufacturing process is much simpler than most current cellular therapy approaches using conventional CD8(+) T-cell lines or clones: there is no final or initial separation, no purification step and no use of feeder cells; the specific T-cell receptor-mediated signal provided by BrHPP is sufficient to trigger the IL-2-dependent expansion of the gamma9delta2 subset, which then becomes predominant in the cell culture in large amounts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Plutonium trichloride solution in the molten LiCl-KCl eutectic was prepared by carbochlorination of plutonium oxide. Kinetics of this reaction was compared in different conditions in the range of ...443-550 deg C. Using this molten salt solution, the redox potential of the Pu(III)/Pu couple at inert tungsten electrode was measured at 450 deg C by electromotive force measurement and was found to be E'○ = -2.76 V vs. the Cl2(g)(1 atm)/Cl- reference electrode (molar fraction scale). Reaction between plutonium trichloride and oxide ions was studied by potentiometric titration, using yttria stabilized electrodes. In our experimental conditions, the titration curves indicate the precipitation of the sesquioxide Pu2O3. The solubility product cologarithm calculated from these curves is found to be pKs(Pu2O3) = 22.8 +/- 1.1 (molality scale). Using the experimentally obtained values for E'○, activity coefficient and pKs joined to the published thermodynamic data, the stability phase diagram of the Pu-O species was then drawn.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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