The capacity of
to develop resistance to macrolides makes detection of macrolide resistance genes by rapid real-time PCR assays increasingly necessary in clinical diagnostic laboratories so as to ...initiate appropriate treatment as rapidly as possible. The aim of this retrospective and comparative study was to conduct the clinical evaluation of three commercially available kits for macrolide resistance detection. A total of 111
positive samples analyzed in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of the Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (Spain) were used. After
molecular confirmation, the three assays under study were evaluated and discrepant results were resolved via sequencing. The clinical sensitivity for resistance detection was 83% (95% confidence interval, 69% to 93%) for the ResistancePlus
MG panel kit (SpeeDx Pty Ltd., Sydney, Australia), 95% (84% to 99%) for Allplex
MG & AziR Assay (Seegene
, Seoul, Korea), and 97% (88% to 99%) for the VIASURE macrolide resistance-associated mutations (23SrRNA) Real time PCR detection kit (Certest Biotec, Zaragoza, Spain). The clinical specificity was 100% (94% to 100%) for Allplex and VIASURE assays and 95% (86% to 99%) for SpeeDx assay. The results arising from this study are cause for strong consideration for the implementation of rapid real-time PCR assays in clinical diagnosis laboratories to eliminate treatment failure and transmission as soon as possible.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Diet is a key factor for obesity development; however, limited data are available on dietary cluster analysis in children with obesity. We aimed to assess the associations between dietary patterns ...and obesity and several cardiometabolic markers. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, blood pressure and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial damage were determined in 674 Caucasian children, aged 5-16, with normal or excess weight. Using a food frequency questionnaire and cluster analysis, two consistent dietary patterns were shown, labeled as health conscious (HC) and sweet and processed (SP). The HC pattern included a greater proportion of participants with overweight/obesity than the SP cluster (80.1% vs. 63.8%). However, children with obesity within the HC cluster, showed less abdominal fat, through waist to hip (0.93 vs. 0.94) and waist to height (0.61 vs. 0.63) indexes (
< 0.01). Univariate general models showed several additional differences in cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in the global and stratified analyses, with a healthier profile being observed mainly in the HC cluster. However, multivariate models questioned these findings and pointed out the need for further studies in this field. Anyhow, our findings support the benefits of a healthy diet and highlight the importance of dietary patterns in the cardiometabolic risk assessment of children with overweight/obesity, beyond weight control.
The world is not on track to achieve the goal of food security for the global population by 2030. New approaches to understand individuals’ food insecurity are needed, especially insecurity related ...to children and adolescents, since it is associated with health and psychosocial problems. The study aimed to characterise the family dinners among a representative cohort of schooled adolescents (n = 1017) and their parents (n = 261) in Terrassa (Catalonia, Spain) and how family dinners could be related to household food insecurity. The survey findings revealed that in 2022, 19.2% of the adolescents were experiencing household food insecurity. Adolescents with a lower socioeconomic status and of foreign origin showed the highest likelihood of experiencing household food insecurity. Household food security was also associated with some characteristics of family dinners, such as better quality and a higher frequency (seven or more dinners eaten together per week). Based on this finding, possible ways in which family dinners could offer a beneficial effect, alleviating the consequences of food insecurity in adolescents, are discussed. In line with the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goal of guaranteeing food security, the promotion of family dinners and their quality, frequency, and duration to leverage the beneficial effect in states of household food insecurity in Spanish adolescents should be taken into account to design actions and public campaigns in Spain.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Metformin is a first-line oral antidiabetic agent that has shown additional effects in treating obesity and metabolic syndrome. Inter-individual variability in metformin response could be partially ...explained by the genetic component. Here, we aimed to test whether common genetic variants can predict the response to metformin intervention in obese children. The study was a multicenter and double-blind randomized controlled trial that was stratified according to sex and pubertal status in 160 children with obesity. Children were randomly assigned to receive either metformin (1g/d) or placebo for six months after meeting the defined inclusion criteria. We conducted a post hoc genotyping study in 124 individuals (59 placebo, 65 treated) comprising finally 231 genetic variants in candidate genes. We provide evidence for 28 common variants as promising pharmacogenetics regulators of metformin response in terms of a wide range of anthropometric and biochemical outcomes, including body mass index (BMI) Z-score, and glucose, lipid, and inflammatory traits. Although no association remained statistically significant after multiple-test correction, our findings support previously reported variants in metformin transporters or targets as well as identify novel and promising loci, such as the ADYC3 and the BDNF genes, with plausible biological relation to the metformin’s action mechanism. Trial Registration: Registered on the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT, ID: 2010-023061-21) on 14 November 2011 (URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2010-023061-21/ES).
The capacity of Mycoplasma genitalium to develop resistance to macrolides makes detection of macrolide resistance genes by rapid real-time PCR assays increasingly necessary in clinical diagnostic ...laboratories so as to initiate appropriate treatment as rapidly as possible. The aim of this retrospective and comparative study was to conduct the clinical evaluation of three commercially available kits for macrolide resistance detection. A total of 111 M. genitalium positive samples analyzed in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of the Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (Spain) were used. After M. genitalium molecular confirmation, the three assays under study were evaluated and discrepant results were resolved via sequencing. The clinical sensitivity for resistance detection was 83% (95% confidence interval, 69% to 93%) for the ResistancePlussup.® MG panel kit (SpeeDx Pty Ltd., Sydney, Australia), 95% (84% to 99%) for Allplexsup.TM MG & AziR Assay (Seegenesup.®, Seoul, Korea), and 97% (88% to 99%) for the VIASURE macrolide resistance-associated mutations (23SrRNA) Real time PCR detection kit (Certest Biotec, Zaragoza, Spain). The clinical specificity was 100% (94% to 100%) for Allplex and VIASURE assays and 95% (86% to 99%) for SpeeDx assay. The results arising from this study are cause for strong consideration for the implementation of rapid real-time PCR assays in clinical diagnosis laboratories to eliminate treatment failure and transmission as soon as possible.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
BackgroundInfluenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B viruses were co-circulating in Europe between September 2019 and January 2020.AimTo provide interim 2019/20 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) ...estimates from six European studies, covering 10 countries and both primary care and hospital settings.MethodsAll studies used the test-negative design, although there were some differences in other study characteristics, e.g. patient selection, data sources, case definitions and included age groups. Overall and influenza (sub)type-specific VE was estimated for each study using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThere were 31,537 patients recruited across the six studies, of which 5,300 (17%) were cases with 5,310 infections. Most of these (4,466; 84%) were influenza A. The VE point estimates for all ages were 29% to 61% against any influenza in the primary care setting and 35% to 60% in hospitalised older adults (aged 65 years and over). The VE point estimates against A(H1N1)pdm09 (all ages, both settings) was 48% to 75%, and against A(H3N2) ranged from -58% to 57% (primary care) and -16% to 60% (hospital). Against influenza B, VE for all ages was 62% to 83% (primary care only).ConclusionsInfluenza vaccination is of continued benefit during the ongoing 2019/20 influenza season. Robust end-of-season VE estimates and genetic virus characterisation results may help understand the variability in influenza (sub)type-specific results across studies.
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