The tolerance of fish to fasting offers a model to study the regulatory mechanisms and changes produced when feeding is restored. Gilthead sea bream juveniles were exposed to a 21-days fasting period ...followed by 2 h to 7-days refeeding. Fasting provoked a decrease in body weight, somatic indexes, and muscle gene expression of members of the Gh/Igf system, signaling molecules (akt, tor and downstream effectors), proliferation marker pcna, myogenic regulatory factors, myostatin, and proteolytic molecules such as cathepsins or calpains, while most ubiquitin-proteasome system members increased or remained stable. In bone, downregulated expression of Gh/Igf members and osteogenic factors was observed, whereas expression of the osteoclastic marker ctsk was increased. Refeeding recovered the expression of Gh/Igf system, myogenic and osteogenic factors in a sequence similar to that of development. Akt and Tor phosphorylation raised at 2 and 5 h post-refeeding, much faster than its gene expression increased, which occurred at day 7. The expression in bone and muscle of the inhibitor myostatin (mstn2) showed an inverse profile suggesting an inter-organ coordination that needs to be further explored in fish. Overall, this study provides new information on the molecules involved in the musculoskeletal system remodeling during the early stages of refeeding in fish.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The application of cyanobacterial and diatom cultures for the treatment of industrial effluents has been well recognized.In this study aimed to evaluate the effect of urban sewage on growth of ...Spirolina plantensis and Chaetoceros muelleri. The experiment was conducted in 6 treatments as a growth medium. Result showed that in treatment 5 maximum cell densities was (565×102±237.7) at day7 thus treatment 5 has best condition for growth S. plantensis and in treatment 3 maximum cell density was (825×104±92) at day13.Treatment 5 has best condition for growth C. muelleri. Total chlorophyll a, contents (μg/1) recorded in S. Plantensi sand C. muelleri was highest at treatment 3(0.21±0.07) and treatment 4(0.23± 0.10) respectively. In present investigation, both the algal species can be good potential to growth in urban sewage. The urban sewage removal efficiency of C. muelleri was higher as compare to S.plantensis which can be recommended for phytoremediation purpose. Keywords: Spirolina; Chaetoceros;Nitrate and phosphate; Chlorophyll a;Urban sewage; Depletion
The applications of blue green algae for the treatment of urban and industrial sewage have received more attention during the recent years because they have the capacity to use nitrogenous ...compounds, ammonia and phosphates. In this study aimed to evaluate the ability of Spirolina platensis for absorption of nitrate and phosphate from urban sewage. The experiment was conducted in 6 treatments as a growth medium. To test these predictions, we conducted a 15 days in indoor place under similar laboratory conditions at temperature (30ºC ± 2ºC), Light (2500 ± 500) Lux, pH between 8.0 and 11and with constant aeration. Regarding the culture media, a higher algal density was observed in the cultivation developed at treatment 5 (824 ±102 cell. mL-1). In our results showed higher efficiencies of phosphorus removal by S.platensis as compare to nitrate removal thus, S. platensis would be effective for nitrate removal only at relatively low concentrations and phosphorus removal at high concentrations. Chlorophyll-a, content in treatment 3 was higher than other treatments. Kruscal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in treatments at the level of P<0.05. Thus, we recommend here that Spirolina platensis to be better candidate for absorption phosphate more than nitrate and it could be used for the removal or biotransformation urban sewage. Keywords: Blue-Green Algae, Spirolina, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sewage, Pollution
The relative growth of the fiddler crab Uca sindensis in Pohl Port was studied. Ten 0.5 m2 quadrates were randomly sampled monthly during low tide periods from October 2009 to September 2010. A total ...of 840 crabs, 449 (53.45%) males and 391(46.5%) females, were sampled. The Carapace width of males ranged from 5.5 to13.5 mm (mean plus or minus SD) (8.92 plus or minus 2.04), and of females from 5.0 to 11.5 mm (mean plus or minus SD) (7.95 plus or minus 1.34). Carapace height (CH) and Carapace length(CL), height of the major cheliped (HMC) of males, abdomen width of females (AW), major cheliped length (LMC), dactiluse (D), feeding cheliped (CHF) and merouse (M) were employed as dependent variables and carapace width (CW) as independent variable. The relationship between CW x CH was positive in males and females. The equation (Log CH=Log-4.881+4.681 Log CW) for males (P<0.05) and Log CH=Log-1.882+3.299 Log CW for females (P<0.05). The females showed allometric positive growth for CW x AW relation to male (Log AW= Log0.784+1.217Log CW) (P<0.05). Also four male crabs were found with two major cheliped in this study. Remarkable ontogenetic changes were observed in the allometric growth of the male major cheliped and the female abdomen, indicating that these structures are closely connected to the timing of sexual maturity. The allometric growth of U. sindensis in Pohl Port mangrove differed from other Uca populations so far studied, indicating that growth could have been influenced by environment variables such as food availability, population density, distribution of vegetation, sex ratio, soil temperature , organic matter, different of surface and sediment.
The freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense is an invasive species which has recently been reported in Anzali Wetland, Iran. It exhibited good tolerance and adaption in this wetland ecosystem. ...This study examined certain aspects of feeding of M. nipponense in three habitats of this wetland. Shrimps were randomly sampled from April 2016 to March 2017. The stomach contents were obtained from 367 specimens ranging in length from 4.2 cm to 6.9 cm. The empty stomach index (VI) showed that this shrimp was a voracious (0 ≤ VI ≤ 20) species in all seasons expect winter, when 99% of the specimens had empty stomachs. Fourteen dietary items were categorized in the three habitats of the wetland, with phytoplankton, mollusks and detritus forms being the dominant food items in the western, central and eastern habitats respectively. The feeding precedence index (FP) revealed that the most abundant portion of food was subsidiary one (50 ≥ FP ≥ 10) and the highest proportions of subsidiary food were phytoplankton (24.5%), gastropods (34%) and detritus (29.11%) in the western, central and eastern habitats, respectively. Omnivorous feeding is one of the reasons for the success, high tolerance and adaptation of M. nipponense in the Anzali Wetland ecosystem.
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