The aims of this work are developing the electrobaromembrane apparatus
classification and study of the particular case of electrobaromembrane
process application for wastewater treatment in ...engineering industries. The
multilevel classification of electrobaromembrane processes, which takes into
account several factors at once, is proposed. A particular case of
electrobaromembrane process application for treatment of the galvanic
solution produced by JSC "Zavod Tambovpolimermash" is studied in this work.
The research was carried out on the experimental electrobaromembrane plant
with flat chambers. In addition, some approximation functions and their
numerical values of empirical coefficients were obtained for experimental
data of the specific flow and the retention factor of membranes OPMN-P and
AMN-P. The result comparison of nanofiltration and electronanofiltration
processes shows that the permeability of the solution through the membrane
pores increases when a constant electric current density is applied to the
test system. During nanofiltration, process membranes are compacted due to
the overpressure increase. This directly affects the driving force of the
membrane separation process for a particular type of solution, thereby the
retention factor of porous membranes increases. Retention factor values do
not differ a lot for certain types of ions. In contrast,
electronanofiltration process is characterized by the selectivity of
membranes with respect to a certain type of ions. The near-cathode OPMN-P
membrane mainly passes thought itself the Zn2+ cations and holds the Cl- and
SO4 2- anions, while the near-anode AMN-P membrane mainly passes thought
itself the Cl- and SO4 2- anions and holds the Zn2+ cations.
nema
In the context of dynamically updated professionally oriented information, the "erasure" of interdisciplinary boundaries, the demand for metasubject competencies the modern higher education system ...faces the need not only to choose innovative forms, methods and means of organizing the educational process, but to update the content of education taking into account the requirements for a modern graduate whose personal subject position in the process of his professional activity should be clearly "formalized" upon receiving his diploma. The theoretical study confirmed the demand for updating the content both on the behalf of the pedagogical community, and the employers who note the lack of readiness of most university graduates to make independent decisions in real professional situations and be responsible for them. This fact actualizes the need to study the problem of updating educational content through strengthening interdisciplinary links in the process of integrated language-professional training from the position of a subject-centered approach.
Bioluminescence emitted from a luciferase-catalyzed oxidation of luciferin has been broadly utilized to report on biological events, predominantly through relative changes in the light output. Recent ...advances in protein engineering and synthetic chemistry have yielded bioluminescent systems with markedly improved brightness and bioavailability. These developments have enabled not only the detection of biological events at far lower expression levels but also new opportunities utilizing bioluminescence to power photochemistry in cells. Regardless of the application, bioluminescence analyses have leaned heavily on the use of luminometers to measure the light output of a system. Current luminometers report the light output of a sample in relative units, limiting the ability to compare data between instruments and preventing the absolute power of a bioluminescent system from being quantified. Luminescent solution calibrants comprising luciferases and their cognate luciferins that have been characterized for absolute light output would enable calibration of any given luminometer for absolute photon counting. To this end, we have built a custom light detection apparatus and used it alongside wavelength-matched LED light sources emitting at 450 and 561 nm to characterize the absolute power of a series of NanoLuc and firefly luciferase solutions, respectively. This approach revealed that these two common luciferases produce 3.72 × 10–18 and 7.25 × 10–20 watts/molecule, respectively. Components of these luminescent solution calibrants are commercially available and produce stable bioluminescent signals over 2–5 min, enabling any luminometer to be calibrated for power measurements of bioluminescence emitted by these two luciferases in units of watts or photons per second.
Application of hyperoperations for engineering practice Rubtsov, Konstantin A.; Konstantinov, Igor S.; Lazarev, Sergey A. ...
IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering,
12/2020, Volume:
994, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This article presents some of the main points of the study for the practical application of various hyperoperations in engineering practice. The authors examined the use of hyperoperations in ...mathematical formalization of analytical solutions of branching algorithms, the use of new number formats for encoding information based on large numbers. The methods of applying hyperoperations considered by the authors allow them to be effectively used on modern microprocessor-based computers with a built-in mathematical coprocessor, which is an integral part of the processor core, which allows implementing algorithms based on operations of the order higher than "addition" and "subtraction".
Using coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) as an in situ tool, we determined the shape and strain state of a platinum nanoparticle with ≈160 nm diameter supported by a strontium titanate ...substrate. The experiment was performed at a temperature of 400 K under continuous gas flow conditions of pure Ar and Ar/CO mixtures. The nanoparticle was preselected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and postanalyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We obtain a very good agreement between the overall nanoparticle size, shape, and defect structure as determined by CXDI and AFM. In addition, we compare the strain state in the nanoparticle near surface region and its bulk: For pure Ar flow, we find a slight compressive strain in the nanoparticle bulk compared to an expansion in the near surface region. We ascribe the latter to the presence of high index vicinal surfaces. Our analysis suggests that under mixed Ar/CO flow at 400 K reshaping of the nanoparticle occurred. New high index facets developed, leading to a stronger lattice expansion, also propagating into the nanoparticle bulk. Our high-resolution experiments pave the way for future CXDI experiments under operando catalytic reaction conditions.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Purpose. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative ecological and geographical analysis of North American species of the genus Robinia and Gleditsia to predict the ...prospects for their introduction and to identify common patterns in the formation of cultigenic areas. Background. Two North American species of the genus Robinia and Gleditsia (R. pseudoacacia and G. triacanthos) are currently common in protective afforestation and landscaping of settlements; other species, despite their high economic value, are used extremely rarely. Different rates of expanding cultivation areas determine the bioecological features of species that are formed under the influence of environmental and climatic conditions in the areas of their natural and secondary expansion. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative ecological and geographical analysis of North American species of the genus Robinia and Gleditsia to predict the prospects for their introduction and to identify common patterns in the formation of cultigenic areas Materials and methods. The objects of the current research are North American species of the genus Robinia and Gleditsia, introduced in the cluster dendrological collections of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences». Methodologically, forecasting the adaptive capabilities of the species in question under the conditions of introduction relies on the method of climatic analogs, the main provisions of which were formulated in the works of Mayr and subsequently refined by Pavari, Selyaninov, Maleev, and Good. Results. The findings suggest that the major limiting factors affecting the expansion of the cultigen ranges of the species of the genus Robinia and Gleditsia are low winter temperatures (-37°C) as well as poor moisture supply and uneven distribution of precipitation in the course of the growing season. Conclusion. Comparative ecological and geographical analysis of donor regions located in North America and the points of introduction in the Volgograd region have enabled us to identify the most promising species of R. neomexicana with a natural expansion area in the states of Utah, New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado, whose meteorological conditions are most similar to the ones of the Volgograd region both in terms of temperature and total precipitation. In the Gleditsia family complex, G. triacanthos was identified as having a considerable natural expansion area located in the humid and arid regions of the North American continent. This species is notable for a high level of ecological plasticity and its ability to grow in various agroforestry areas of the Volgograd region. Funding. The study was carried out according to the State Task № FNFE-2020-0004 (registration number 121041200195-4) of the Federal Research Center for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In GaAs nanowires grown along the cubic 111c direction, zinc blende and wurtzite arrangements have been observed in their stacking sequence, since the energetic barriers for nucleation are typically ...of similar order of magnitude. It is known that the interplanar spacing of the (111)c Ga (or As) planes in the zinc blende polytype varies slightly from the wurtzite polytype. However, different values have been reported in the literature. Here, the ratio of the interplanar spacing of these polytypes is extracted based on X‐ray diffraction measurements for thin GaAs nanowires with a mean diameter of 18–25 nm. The measurements are performed with a nano‐focused beam which facilitates the separation of the scattering of nanowires and of parasitic growth. The interplanar spacing of the (111)c Ga (or As) planes in the wurtzite arrangement in GaAs nanowires is observed to be 0.66% ± 0.02% larger than in the zinc blende arrangement.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
В работе обоснована актуальность заявленной тематики, определено место работы среди дру-гих публикаций в области исследования пористости мембран. На основе литературного обзора изуча-емой области и ...сформулированной цели проведен выбор исследуемых типов ультрафильтрационных мембран, представлены их основные характеристики (рабочее давление, удельный поток растворителя, коэффициент задерживания, рабочий диапазон рН, максимальная температура). Применена методика электронно-микроскопического исследования распределения пор по диаметрам на поверхности уль-трафильтрационных мембран УАМ-50, УАМ-100, УПМ-К, УПМ-100, включающая в себя фиксацию изображения поверхности мембран с помощью электронного микроскопа, перенос в среду автомати-зированного проектирования AutoCad 2018, визуальный выбор четырех равномерных зон, площадью по 1∙106 нм2 с описыванием окружностью пор при использовании программы, экспорт данных с вычис-лением радиальных размеров на поверхностном (активном) слое мембраны в нм. Посредством про-грамной функции AutoCad 2018 находяться главные характеристики (диаметр, площадь каждого эле-мента), затем определялся коэффициент засоренности. Для оценки погрешности определения размеров пор анализировали 5 электронных изображений, полученных для различных участков поверхности ис-следуемой мембраны. Процедуру обработки каждого электронного изображения повторяли 10 раз. В результате статистической обработки результатов относительное стандартное отклонение не превы-шало 0.1. С помощью функции описательной статистики программой Microsoft Excel 2010 определя-лись среднеквадратичное отклонение, средний диаметр пор и производилось построение гистограмм, графиков функции плотности распределения вероятностей и нормального распределения для исследу-емых мембран от распределения диаметров пор.Установлено, что распределение пор по диаметрам на поверхности активного слоя исследуе-мых ультрафильтрационных мембран описывается законом нормального распределения (закон Гаусса). Получены эмпирические выражения функции нормального распределения пор по диаметрам. Анализ экспериментальных исследований методом электронной микроскопии, стандартных средств обработки данных Microsoft Excel 2010, AutoCad 2018 показал, что для образцов мембран УАМ-50, УАМ-100, УПМ-К, УПМ-100 средний диаметр пор на поверхности находится в интервале от 54 до 70 нм
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have a broad range of applications for nano- and optoelectronics. The strain field of gallium nitride (GaN) NWs could be significantly changed when contacts are applied ...to them to form a final device, especially considering the piezoelectric properties of GaN. Investigation of influence of the metallic contacts on the structure of the NWs is of high importance for their applications in real devices. We have studied a series of different type of contacts and influence of the applied voltage bias on the contacted GaN NWs with the length of about 3 to 4 micrometers and with two different diameters of 200 nm and 350 nm. It was demonstrated that the NWs with the diameter of 200 nm are bend already by the interaction with the substrate. For all GaN NWs, significant structural changes were revealed after the contacts deposition. The results of our research may contribute to the future optoelectronic applications of the GaN nanowires.
PDF
