The study analyzed the dynamics of the clinical periodontal status during the treatment of adolescents with generalized plaque-induced gingivitis.
Assessment of the predominant subgingival microflora ...in the case of a diagnosed inflammatory process in the gingiva in childhood.
Full-mouth periodontal assessment of plaque accumulation and bleeding on probing with an electronic periodontal probe was performed during the treatment of 34 adolescents with generalized plaque-induced gingivitis. The treatment protocol includes five visits (1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days). Subgingival biofilm sampling was performed by real-time PCR testing to identify, follow-up in dynamics, and determine the quantities of main subgingival periodontopathogens during treatment. Three samples per child were taken from five teeth with the most severe inflammation.
For children aged 10-14 years with generalized plaque-induced gingivitis, two weeks after the start of treatment, the index values for bleeding on probing decreased twice from 53 to 27%. C. gingivalis was isolated before the start of treatment in all children, followed by P. intermedia, P. micros (70,4%) and T. denticola, T. forsythia (52,9%). Representatives of the red complex according to Socransky showing greater resistance to the therapy performed in terms of frequency and amount.
The predominant subgingival microflora in adolescents with generalized plaque-induced gingivitis is representative of the orange and red Socransky complex, with index values decreasing smoothly at each subsequent visit during treatment.
In previous studies, one of the systolic time intervals - preejection period (PEP) - was used as an index of sympathetic activity reflecting the cardiac contractility. However, PEP could be also ...influenced by several other cardiovascular variables including preload, afterload and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The aim of this study was to assess the behavior of the PEP together with other potentially confounding cardiovascular system characteristics in healthy humans during mental and orthostatic stress (head-up tilt test - HUT). Forty-nine healthy volunteers (28 females, 21 males, mean age 18.6 years (SD=1.8 years)) participated in the study. We recorded finger arterial blood pressure by volume-clamp method (Finometer Pro, FMS, Netherlands), PEP, thoracic fluid content (TFC) - a measure of preload, and cardiac output (CO) by impedance cardiography (CardioScreen® 2000, Medis, Germany). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) - a measure of afterload - was calculated as a ratio of mean arterial pressure and CO. We observed that during HUT, an expected decrease in TFC was accompanied by an increase of PEP, an increase of SVR and no significant change in DBP. During mental stress, we observed a decrease of PEP and an increase of TFC, SVR and DBP. Correlating a change in assessed measures (delta values) between mental stress and previous supine rest, we found that deltaPEP correlated negatively with deltaCO and positively with deltaSVR. In orthostasis, no significant correlation between deltaPEP and deltaDBP, deltaTFC, deltaCO, deltaMBP or deltaSVR was found. We conclude that despite an expected increase of sympathetic activity during both challenges, PEP behaved differently indicating an effect of other confounding factors. To interpret PEP values properly, we recommend simultaneously to measure other variables influencing this cardiovascular measure.
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NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Ventilation related heart rate oscillations - respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) - originate in human from several mechanisms. Two most important of them - the central mechanism (direct communication ...between respiratory and cardiomotor centers), and the peripheral mechanism (ventilation-associated blood pressure changes transferred to heart rate via baroreflex) have been described in previous studies. The major aim of this study was to compare the importance of these mechanisms in the generation of RSA non-invasively during various states by quantifying the strength of the directed interactions between heart rate, systolic blood pressure and respiratory volume signals. Seventy-eight healthy volunteers (32 male, age range: 16.02-25.77 years, median age: 18.57 years) participated in this study. The strength of mutual interconnections among the spontaneous beat-to-beat oscillations of systolic blood pressure (SBP), R-R interval (RR signal) and respiration (volume changes - RESP signal) was quantified during supine rest, orthostatic challenge (head-up tilt, HUT) and cognitive load (mental arithmetics, MA) using bivariate and trivariate measures of cardio-respiratory information transfer to separate baroreflex and nonbaroreflex (central) mechanisms. Our results indicate that both basic mechanisms take part in RSA generation in the intact cardiorespiratory control of human subjects. During orthostatic and mental challenges baroreflex based peripheral mechanism becomes more important.
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NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Extractive treatment of phenol-containing aqueous streams by two coupled hollow fiber modules (for simultaneous extraction and stripping) is experimentally and theoretically studied. The effects of ...hydrodynamic conditions (linear velocities of all three liquids) and concentrations (initial phenol concentrations) are explored and an optimal combination of these process parameters is found for maximisation of the phenol fluxes in both modules. The extraction/stripping performance of the coupled HF modules was compared when using different organic solvent (alcohols and alkanes). Analysis of the mass-transfer resistances of the different liquid layers in both modules is presented based on mathematical model and experimental data from equilibrium measurements and kinetic experiments. It is found that an important part of the overall resistance is located in the aqueous phase’s boundary layers. A substantial improvement of the stripping yield is reached by using a series of stripping modules.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis provides information about complexity on various time scales. The aim of this study was to test whether MSE is able to detect autonomic dysregulation in young ...patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We analyzed heart rate (HR) oscillations, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) signals in 14 patients with DM type 1 and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. SampEn values (scales 1-10) and linear measures were computed. HR: among the linear measures of heart rate variability significant differences between groups were only found for RMSSD (p = 0.043). MSE was significantly reduced on scales 2 and 3 in DM (p = 0.023 and 0.010, respectively). SBP and DBP: no significant differences were detected with linear measures. In contrast, MSE analysis revealed significantly lower SampEn values in DM on scale 3 (p = 0.039 for SBP; p = 0.015 for DBP). No significant correlations were found between MSE and linear measures. In conclusion, MSE analysis of HR, SBP and DBP oscillations is able to detect subtle abnormalities in cardiovascular control in young patients with DM and is independent of standard linear measures.
A possible mechanism of oesophageal hypersensitivity is the acid‐induced activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the primary sensory neurons. We investigated TRPV1 ...expression and its colocalization with substance P (SP) and isolectin B4 (IB4)‐positive cells in the thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and nodose ganglia (NGs) of rats with reflux‐induced oesophagitis (RO). RO was developed by fundus ligation and partial obstruction of the pylorus of Sprague‐Dawley rats. Four groups of rats were used; fundus ligated acute (RO 48 h), chronic 7 days (RO 7D), RO 7D + omeprazole (7D + Omz, 40 mg kg−1, i.p.) and sham‐operated controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of TRPV1, SP and IB4 expression were carried out in spinal cord (SC), DRGs and NGs. RO rats exhibited significant inflammation and increase in TRPV1‐ir and SP‐ir expressions in the SC, DRGs and NGs. The maximum colocalization of TRPV1 and SP was observed in RO 7D rats, but Omz prevented inflammation and over expression of TRPV1 and SP. TRPV1‐ir significantly increased in IB4‐positive cells in DRGs and SC, but not in the NGs. Results document that acid‐induced oesophagitis increases TRPV1 expression in both SP‐ and IB4‐positive sensory neurons. The over expression of TRPV1 may contribute to oesophageal hypersensitivity observed in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Skin exposure to ionizing radiation affects the normal wound healing process and greatly impacts the prognosis of affected individuals. We investigated the effect of ionizing radiation on wound ...healing in a rat model of combined radiation and wound skin injury. Using a soft X-ray beam, a single dose of ionizing radiation (10–40 Gy) was delivered to the skin without significant exposure to internal organs. At 1 h postirradiation, two skin wounds were made on the back of each rat. Control and experimental animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days postirradiation. The wound areas were measured, and tissue samples were evaluated for laminin 332 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 expression. Our results clearly demonstrate that radiation exposure significantly delayed wound healing in a dose-related manner. Evaluation of irradiated and wounded skin showed decreased deposition of laminin 332 protein in the epidermal basement membrane together with an elevated expression of all three laminin 332 genes within 3 days postirradiation. The elevated laminin 332 gene expression was paralleled by an elevated gene and protein expression of MMP2, suggesting that the reduced amount of laminin 332 in irradiated skin is due to an imbalance between laminin 332 secretion and its accelerated processing by elevated tissue metalloproteinases. Western blot analysis of cultured rat keratinocytes showed decreased laminin 332 deposition by irradiated cells, and incubation of irradiated keratinocytes with MMP inhibitor significantly increased the amount of deposited laminin 332. Furthermore, irradiated keratinocytes exhibited a longer time to close an artificial wound, and this delay was partially corrected by seeding keratinocytes on laminin 332-coated plates. These data strongly suggest that laminin 332 deposition is inhibited by ionizing radiation and, in combination with slower keratinocyte migration, can contribute to the delayed wound healing of irradiated skin.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary Background Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with specific B‐cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms. There has been an increasing number of ...individual reports in the childhood and adolescent population.
Objectives To examine the clinical and immunopathological features of PNP occurring in children and adolescents.
Patients and methods We analysed the clinical and immunopathological findings of 14 patients under the age of 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of PNP. Sera from all patients were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoprecipitation for plakin autoantibodies, immunoblotting for detection of plectin autoantibodies, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3 autoantibodies.
Results Severe oral mucositis was observed in all patients, and lichenoid cutaneous lesions in eight of 14 patients. The average age at presentation was 13 years. Striking findings included: pulmonary destruction leading to bronchiolitis obliterans in 10 patients, association with Castleman's disease in 12 patients, and a fatal outcome in 10 patients. The underlying neoplasm was occult in 10 patients. Histological findings include lichenoid and interface dermatitis with variable intraepithelial acantholysis. Deposition of IgG and C3 in the mouth and skin by direct IF was not found in some cases, but indirect IF detected IgG autoantibodies in all cases. Immunoprecipitation revealed IgG autoantibodies against desmoplakin I, envoplakin and periplakin in all cases, and against desmoplakin II and the 170‐kDa antigen in 13 and 10 patients, respectively. Dsg3 and Dsg1 autoantibodies were present in 10 and three patients, respectively, and plectin autoantibodies in 13 patients.
Conclusions PNP in children and adolescents is most often a presenting sign of occult Castleman's disease. It presents with severe oral mucositis and cutaneous lichenoid lesions. Serum autoantibodies against plakin proteins were the most constant diagnostic markers. Pulmonary injury appears to account for the very high mortality rates observed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We aimed to test whether the evaluation of the cardio-respiratory interaction using the analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities and respiratory maneuvers can reveal cardiovagal ...dysfunction in obese adolescents 12-18 years old. The spectral power in high frequency band of the heart rate variability (HRV) reflecting respiratory sinus arrhythmia was used as an index of the cardiac vagal control, and the spectral power in high frequency band of the blood pressure variability (BPV) as an indicator of mechanical effects of respiration. The deep breathing test and Valsalva maneuver were applied. The obese group had a reduction in spectral power in high frequency band of the HRV. Differences in high frequency band spectral power of the BPV between the obese and control groups were not found. The finding of lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia, indicating a cardiovagal dysfunction in obese adolescents, can provide important diagnostic information about early subclinical autonomic dysfunction in obesity.
Experimental and theoretical studies on simultaneous extractive removal and stripping of penicillin G using two large-scale hollow fiber membrane contactors are performed. The influence of main ...concentration parameters (penicillin in the aqueous phase and amine-extractant in the organic phase) on the kinetics of the complex mass-transfer process (extraction/stripping) is examined. A mass-transfer model is developed in which both diffusional processes and chemical reactions in the extraction and stripping modules are taking into consideration. The individual and overall mass-transfer coefficients in both modules are determined and compared. The overall mass-transfer coefficient
K
F in the extraction module is found to be an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding value
K
R in the stripping module. The rate-controlling step(s) in each module separately and in combination are identified. It is shown that the simultaneous extraction/stripping is limited by the rate of the reverse chemical reaction (at higher penicillin concentration and lower amine concentration) or by the diffusion of the complex through the membrane in the second module (at higher carrier concentration), or combination of both rates of chemical reaction and membrane diffusion. The fractional diffusional resistances of the penicillin/extractant complex in the bulk organic solution are relatively small at all the conditions examined and in both modules. Conclusions are drawn how this process could be optimized.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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