An analysis of profitability and effects of land consolidation (LC) projects has been made in this paper. The measurable effects of land consolidation resulting from land consolidation goals such as: ...increase of average area of parcel, decrease of average number of parcels per participant as well as the change in the area of road and canal networks after the land consolidation projects were considered. Profitability was analysed from the aspect of return on investments and net present value of investment in land consolidation. Materials and methods for this study encompass a representative sample from Vojvodina, a part of the Republic of Serbia which is flatland and predominately orientated to agricultural production. The study results indicate that the effects of land consolidation are good and that land consolidation projects are highly profitable.
Introduction:
Inter-individual differences in gut microflora composition may affect drug metabolism and overall therapeutic response. Gliclazide is a drug characterized by large inter-individual ...differences in therapeutic response; however, the causes of these differences are not fully explained and may be the outcome of microbial biotransformation. Recently, great attention has been paid to studies on bile acid (BA) interactions with gut microflora and the role of BAs in the modification of drug transport through biological membranes.
The Aim:
Considering the assumption of gliclazide–probiotic–BAs interactions, the aim of the study was to investigate the transport and biotransformation of gliclazide in probiotic bacteria, as well as the effects of deoxycholic acid (DCA) on gliclazide transport into bacterial cells.
Materials and Methods:
Probiotics were incubated with gliclazide with or without DCA for 24 h at 37°C. The intracellular and extracellular concentrations of gliclazide were determined at seven time points by high-performance liquid chromatography. Gliclazide biotransformation by the enzymatic activity of probiotic bacteria was examined using appropriate software packages.
Results:
During the 24 h incubation with probiotic bacteria, significantly lower extracellular concentrations of gliclazide were observed at all time points compared to controls, while in the group with DCA, the decrease in concentration was noticed only at 24 h. The total concentration of gliclazide throughout the whole period was significantly lower compared to control. Proposed pathways of gliclazide biotransformation by probiotic bacteria involve reactions of hydrolysis and hydroxylation.
Conclusion:
Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there are interactions of gliclazide–probiotics–DCA, at both the level of active and passive transport into the cells, and at the level of drug biotransformation by enzymatic activity of probiotic bacteria. The effect of these interactions on the final therapeutic response of gliclazide should be further studied and confirmed in
in vivo
conditions.
The present study describes the synthesis and anticancer activity of novel octahedral PtIV complexes with cyclohexyl functionalized ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐diacetate‐type ligands. Molecular mechanics ...calculations and density functional theory analysis revealed that s‐cis is the preferred geometry of these PtIV complexes with tetradentate‐coordinated (S,S)‐ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐di‐2‐(3‐cyclohexyl)propanoate. The viability of cancer cell lines (U251 human glioma, C6 rat glioma, L929 mouse fibrosarcoma, and B16 human melanoma) was assessed by measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and lactate dehydrogenase release. Cell‐cycle distribution, oxidative stress, caspase activation, and induction of autophagy were analyzed by flow cytometry using appropriate fluorescent reporter dyes. The cytotoxic activity of novel PtIV complexes against various cancer cell lines (IC50 range: 1.9–8.7 μM) was higher than that of cisplatin (IC50 range: 10.9–67.0 μM) and proceeded through completely different mechanisms. Cisplatin induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis associated with the cytoprotective autophagic response. In contrast, the new PtIV complexes caused rapid, caspase‐independent, oxidative stress‐mediated non‐apoptotic cell death characterized by massive cytoplasmic vacuolization, cell membrane damage, and the absence of protective autophagy.
Octahedral PtIV complexes with cyclohexyl group functionalized edda‐type ligands kill tumor cells via oxidative stress‐mediated caspase‐independent necrosis‐like cell death associated with massive cytoplasmic vacuolization.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Ghrelin positively influences the total number of thymocytes and size of the thymus in 14-, 20- and 24-month-old rats. We examined the effect of centrally-applied ghrelin on thymus weight and ...structure in Wistar rats of different ages. The study included 30 male Wistar rats of three age groups: peripubertal (5-week-old rats), young (2 months) and adult (6 months). The animals of each age group were divided into control and experimental groups that were administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) 1 ?g ghrelin/5 ?L saline daily for five consecutive days. Following treatment, the thymuses were isolated, weighed and processed for stereological analysis by the point-counting method. The average weights of the thymuses were significantly higher in the ghrelin groups with respect to control rats (5 weeks: 444.90?18.03 vs 365.00?18.63; 2 months: 354.30?13.77 vs 257.00?9.60; 6 months: 365.00?15.90 vs 225.00?7.03, p<0.01). The absolute volume of lymphoid tissue was significantly higher in the ghrelin groups (5 weeks: 392.85?16.94 vs 294.48?33.37; 2 months: 309.30?12.10 vs 216.62?10.72; 6 months: 222.70?11.41 vs. 114.33?16.48, p<0.01). Ghrelin treatment restored thymic structure by increasing medullary cellularity, improving thymic medullary architecture and providing a clearer delineation between the cortex and medulla. This study shows the positive effects of centrally applied ghrelin on suppression of thymus atrophy, its weight and architecture.
Body composition represents an unbreakable unity of the human body basic structure elements and involves a relative representation of the various constituent elements of the human total body weight. ...It is well known that body composition changes under the influence of continuous physical activity, and, therefore, it is one of the major components of fitness, and general health of the athletes. Therefore, this topic has become a major field of interest for many exercise and sport scientists as well as clinicians who specialize not only in different training methods but also in the prevention of and rehabilitation from major injuries. To date, having considered issues of accuracy, repeatability and utility, there is no universally applicable criterion or 'gold standard' methodology for body composition assessment in athletes. The main objective of this review was to give a short overview of methods for body composition analysis in athletes and to show and compare the latest data on their usefulness and reliability in order to find the best solution for practical everyday work.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
During the last decades, the EU has particularly focused on establishing equal opportunities and equal treatment of women and men in all spheres of life. Regulatory measures that the Union gradually ...introduced in the area of gender equality, such as: measures that ensure equal pay, maternity protection, regulations on parental leave, contributed to this. The She Figures publication, published by the European Commission every three years, uses the latest available statistics to monitor the state of gender equality in the field of research and innovation, thus providing us with the opportunity to parallelize data and analysis for 88 indicators across Europe. This is also the subject of this paper. One of the goals is to determine the extent to which the gender equality policy in the field of research and innovation is integrated in the associated countries: Serbia, North Macedonia and Montenegro, i.e., to what extent the data related to these three countries match or deviate from the average at the EU level based on the data provided by the aforementioned publication, 2021 edition. According to some indicators discussed in this Report, the situation is much better in these countries compared to the European average (number of women graduating from doctoral studies, total number of female researchers, number of female researchers employed in the main sectors of the economy). Also, for two important chapters we lack data for these three countries, so we cannot draw more comprehensive conclusions other than that these countries have largely included gender equality in their policies in the field of research and innovation and that in some categories they have even better results in favor of women than is the case in more developed countries of the European Union.
We aimed to investigate short- and long-term blood-pressure (BP) variability and left-ventricular (LV) structure, function, and mechanics in women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, as ...well as the relationship between BP variability and LV mechanics. This cross-sectional study included 140 pregnant women (45 normotensive controls, 50 patients with gestational hypertension and, 45 patients with preeclampsia) after 20 weeks of gestation. All participants underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and echocardiographic examination, as well as regular clinical BP measurements during each visit. Our results show that 24-h, daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic BP, as well as visit-to-visit systolic and diastolic BPs, gradually increased from controls across patients with preeclampsia to those with gestational hypertension. Similar changes were observed for 24-h systolic BP-variability indices. LV longitudinal and circumferential strains gradually decreased from controls across women with gestational hypertension to patients with preeclampsia. Radial strain was significantly lower in women with preeclampsia than in controls. Indices of short- and long-term BP variability were independent of BP and demographic and echocardiographic parameters associated with LV longitudinal and circumferential strain. In conclusion, LV mechanics are impaired in women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia compared with LV mechanics in normotensive controls. Short- and long-term BP variability was higher in patients with hypertensive disorders and was significantly associated with longitudinal and circumferential strains.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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