Aim
To compare the relative efficacy of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor ...antagonists (nsMRAs) in improving the cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Materials and Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception through 25 November 2022. We selected randomized controlled trials that studied patients with CKD and T2D with a follow‐up of at least 24 weeks and compared SGLT‐2is, GLP‐1RAs and nsMRAs with each other and with placebo. Primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and composite renal outcomes (CRO). Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular death, all‐cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). A frequentist approach was used to pool risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
Twenty‐nine studies with 50 938 participants for MACE and 49 965 participants for CRO were included. SGLT‐2is did not significantly reduce MACE but were associated with significantly lower risks of CRO compared with GLP‐1RAs (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.91; P = .003) and nsMRAs (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68‐0.90; P = .001). Compared with GLP‐1RAs and nsMRAs, SGLT‐2is significantly reduced risks of HFH by 31% (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.88; P = .002) and 22% (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63‐0.95; P = .016), respectively, but did not significantly reduce other secondary outcomes. There were no significant differences between GLP‐1RAs and nsMRAs in lowering all outcomes.
Conclusions
SGLT‐2is were associated with better cardiorenal protection than GLP‐1RAs and nsMRAs in patients with CKD and T2D.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Teaching is oriented towards the development of learners capacity, in which the development of creative capacity is identified as an important goal in Vietnams education and training development ...strategy. To meet this requirement, in the process of organizing teaching, it is necessary to form for students the ability to think creatively and independently when solving learning tasks or problems arising in learning. The article focuses on analyzing concepts, manifestations, influencing factors, and proposes some measures to develop creative capacity for students. The theory has been built with experiments at high schools, using case study methods to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation.
Linagliptin is a highly specific, long‐acting inhibitor that is used as an orally administrable agent for type‐2 diabetes treatment. Because only the R‐enantiomer is of clinical use, we developed a ...capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of the enantiomeric impurity of this compound. Carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin was selected as the chiral selector for the separation of linagliptin enantiomers. Design of experiments and desirability functions were used for the analytical optimization, which was focused on understanding and improving the electrophoretic process. The effects of significant parameters (background electrolyte concentration and pH, cyclodextrin concentration, temperature, and voltage) were thoroughly investigated. The complete separation of linagliptin and its enantiomeric impurity with baseline resolution was achieved within 10 min on an uncoated fused‐silica capillary (50 μm inner diameter, 365 μm outer diameter, 64.5/56 cm in total/ effective length) maintained at 25°C, under an applied voltage of 28.0 kV. The background electrolyte contained 70 mM sodium acetate and 4.7 mM carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, and the pH was adjusted to 6.10. The method was validated, and a limit of quantitation of 0.05% for the impurity was estimated.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Accurate profiling of population‐specific recessive diseases is essential for the design of cost‐effective carrier screening programs. However, minority populations and ethnic groups, including ...Vietnamese, are still underrepresented in existing genetic studies. Here, we reported the first comprehensive study of recessive diseases in the Vietnamese population. Clinical exome sequencing data of 4503 disease‐associated genes obtained from a cohort of 985 Vietnamese individuals was analyzed to identify pathogenic variants, associated diseases and their carrier frequencies in the population. A total of 118 recessive diseases associated with 164 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified, among which 28 diseases had carrier frequencies of at least 1% (1 in 100 individuals). Three diseases were prevalent in the Vietnamese population with carrier frequencies of 2–12 times higher than in the world populations, including beta‐thalassemia (1 in 23), citrin deficiency (1 in 31), and phenylketonuria (1 in 40). Seven novel pathogenic and two likely pathogenic variants associated with nine recessive diseases were discovered. The comprehensive profile of recessive diseases identified in this study enables the design of cost‐effective carrier screening programs specific to the Vietnamese population.
Prevalent recessive diseases in Vietnam.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Internet addiction (IA) is a common problem found in young Asians. This study aimed to study the influence of IA and online activities on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in young Vietnamese. ...This study also compared the frequencies of anxiety, depression and other addiction of young Vietnamese with and without IA.
This study recruited 566 young Vietnamese (56.7% female, 43.3% male) ranging from 15 to 25 years of age via the respondent-driven sampling technique. Chi-squared, t-test and analysis of variance were used to compare young Vietnamese with and without IA. Regression analyses were used to examine the association between internet usage characteristics and HRQOL.
Results from this cross-sectional study showed that 21.2% of participants suffered from IA. Online relationship demonstrated significantly higher influences on behaviors and lifestyles in participants with IA than those without IA. Participants with IA were more likely to have problems with self-care, difficulty in performing daily routine, suffer from pain and discomfort, anxiety and depression. Contrary to previous studies, we found that there were no differences in gender, sociodemographic, the number of participants with cigarette smoking, water-pipe smoking and alcohol dependence between the IA and non-IA groups. IA was significantly associated with poor HRQOL in young Vietnamese.
IA is a common problem among young Vietnamese and the prevalence of IA is the highest as compared to other Asian countries. Our findings suggest that gender may not play a key role in IA. This can be an emerging trend when both genders have equal access to the internet. By studying the impact of IA on HRQOL, healthcare professionals can design effective intervention to alleviate the negative consequences of IA in Vietnam.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) particles were successfully fabricated through solvothermal activation using bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate and potassium iodide as precursors. The ...photocatalytic activities of BiOI were investigated under the influence of synthesis temperature (120–200 °C) with a fixed duration of 12 h. The physical-chemical properties of the samples were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N 2 -sorption isotherm techniques, and pH of the point of zero charge (pH pzc ). The prepared BiOI exhibited a single phase with a non-uniform 2D morphology with different sizes, an average crystallite size of 30 nm, and a BET surface area of 20.71 m²g −1 . The zero-point charge was determined to be 7.7. The photocatalytic performance under simulated solar light irradiation was investigated by examining the effects of dye initial concentration, catalyst dose, and dye pH. Remarkably, BiOI synthesized at 160 °C demonstrated an impressive 85% removal efficiency of 10 ppm MO (methyl orange) at normal pH levels (pH 6.8) within 120 min under visible light irradiation, along with the highest rate constant of 0.01418 min −1 . The quenching effects of different scavengers indicate the significant role of reactive O 2 •– and a minor role of h VB + and •OH ads in the photocatalytic process. These findings underscore the potential of BiOI particles as efficient photocatalysts for environmental applications, particularly in the degradation of organic pollutants in water using solar light irradiation.
This book will focus on the involvement of data mining and intelligent computing methods for recent advances in Biomedical applications and algorithms of nature-inspired computing for Biomedical ...systems. The proposed meta heuristic or nature-inspired techniques should be an enhanced, hybrid, adaptive or improved version of basic algorithms in terms of performance and convergence metrics. In this exciting and emerging interdisciplinary area a wide range of theory and methodologies are being investigated and developed to tackle complex and challenging problems. Today, analysis and processing of data is one of big focuses among researchers community and information society. Due to evolution and knowledge discovery of natural computing, related meta heuristic or bio-inspired algorithms have gained increasing popularity in the recent decade because of their significant potential to tackle computationally intractable optimization dilemma in medical, engineering, military, space and industry fields. The main reason behind the success rate of nature inspired algorithms is their capability to solve problems. The nature inspired optimization techniques provide adaptive computational tools for the complex optimization problems and diversified engineering applications. Tentative Table of Contents/Topic Coverage:a - Neural Computation - Evolutionary Computing Methods - Neuroscience driven AI Inspired Algorithms - Biological System based algorithms - Hybrid and Intelligent Computing Algorithms - Application of Natural Computing - Review and State of art analysis of Optimization algorithms - Molecular and Quantum computing applications - Swarm Intelligence - Population based algorithm and other optimizations
Antibody response against nucleocapsid and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in 11 persons with mild or asymptomatic infection rapidly increased after infection. At weeks 18-30 after diagnosis, all ...remained seropositive but spike protein-targeting antibody titers declined. These data may be useful for vaccine development.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We sampled nasal-pharyngeal throat swabs from 96,123 asymptomatic individuals at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and generated 22,290 pools at collection, each containing samples from two to seven ...individuals. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in 24 pools, and confirmed the infection in 32 individuals after resampling and testing of 104 samples from positive pools. We completed the testing within 14 days. We would have required 64 days to complete the screening for the same number of individuals if we had based our testing strategy on individual testing. There was no difference in cycle threshold (Ct) values of pooled and individual samples. Thus, compared with individual sample testing, our approach did not compromise PCR sensitivity, but saved 77% of the resources. The present strategy might be applicable in settings, where there are shortages of reagents and the disease prevalence is low, but the demand for testing is high.
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•Geocoris ochropterus nymphs completed development on ant pupal diet and B. mori pupal diet.•The development period was significantly different among diets in eggs.•Number of ...deposited eggs was significantly different among diets.
We investigated the influence of convenient diets on big-eyed bug Geocoris ochropterus. Development and reproduction of G. ochropterus fed on convenient diets of ant pupae Oecophylla smaragdina and silkworm pupae Bombyx mori were examined using aphids Aphis gossypii as the control diet. Results showed that Geocoris ochropterus nymphs completed development to adults on all diets. Total average development period was 35.1 days fed on ant pupae, 35.9 days fed on silkworm pupae, and 36.0 days fed on aphids. Head width, body length, forewing length, and fresh body weight of adults were not affected by diets, except for females reared on ant pupae that were significantly heavier than those fed on aphids. There was no significant difference in offspring sex ratio. Total number of eggs deposited per female fed on ant pupae was significantly larger than when fed on aphids, while eggs laid by females fed on silkworm pupae were significantly longer than eggs laid by females fed on aphids. Results suggest that ant pupae and silkworm pupae could be effectively used for mass rearing of G. ochropterus.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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