In the context of globalization, the success of a firm to sell its products on international and regional markets depends on the type of governance exercised in a given sector. This article mobilizes ...a theoretical framework of global value chain governance to analyze the type of governance exercised in the tea sector in Burundi. A qualitative analysis of data from a survey of 120 small tea farmers in the Ijenda and Teza areas reveals that control and coordination in the sector is ensured by captive governance. In addition, a stagnation of the price of the green leaf tea over a decade generates a lack of interest in the tea farming out on small farming areas. Only 25% of small tea farmers in Ijenda and 36% in Teza want an extension. Keywords: captive governance, market governance, global value chain, Tea. JEL Classifications: O13, O21, P32, P42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.8857
In the context of globalization, the success of a firm to sell its products on international and regional markets depends on the type of governance exercised in a given sector. This article mobilizes ...a theoretical framework of global value chain governance to analyze the type of governance exercised in the tea sector in Burundi. A qualitative analysis of data from a survey of 120 small tea farmers in the Ijenda and Teza areas reveals that control and coordination in the sector is ensured by captive governance. In addition, a stagnation of the price of the green leaf tea over a decade generates a lack of interest in the tea farming out on small farming areas. Only 25% of small tea farmers in Ijenda and 36% in Teza want an extension. Keywords: captive governance, market governance, global value chain, Tea. JEL Classifications: O13, O21, P32, P42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.8857
Microfinance services are of undeniable importance in the development of agriculture and in improving living standards in rural areas. However, their accessibility in developing countries is ...problematic. The objective of this article is to assess the contribution of microfinance to improve the living conditions of the population in rural areas of Burundi. An exploratory survey was conducted among 120 smallholder tea farmers in 2018 in two zones (Ijenda and Teza). These smallholder tea farmers are between 30 and 86 years old with a basic level of education. The results of the survey showed that the loans made it possible to carry out small projects and met some urgent needs. However, the level of indebtedness was low due to lack of collateral guarantee and the interest rate was relatively high. In addition, the information collected in Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) revealed a lack of support services within MFIs to enable optimal allocation of credits. To compensate for financial shortfalls, smallholder tea farmers are developing mechanisms for saving in kind and tontine systems with multiple socio-economic roles built up. Credit beneficiaries in MFIs are increasingly losing interest in the MFIs credit systems in favour of tontines. In Ijenda zone, only 37.5% want to renew the credits against 41.4% in Teza zone.
The article identifies and discusses the socio-economic factors that constrain the productivity of the tea bush of the small-scale
tea farmers who supply most of the green leaves to the state-owned ...factories in Burundi. Despite technical support and fertilizer
subsidies from Burundi Tea Board (OTB), the productivity of small-scale tea farmers is still lower than the productivity of stateowned plantations. To investigate the cause of this low productivity, a survey was carried out on a sample of 120 small-scale
tea farmers in two communes (Mugongomanga and Bukeye) located in two tea-producing areas (Ijenda and Teza) in Burundi.
The results show that the low level of education has a considerable negative impact on the maintenance of plantations
in good condition. In addition, the problems of availability of family labour and the high cost of hired labour, the variety and age
of the tea bushes and the customs of the country are hindrances to the productivity of smallholder tea growers. In order to
maintain the tea as a strategic sector for the country, there should be close and sustained supervision of smallholders and
investment in research and development
Féminin/masculin Abderrahim-Laib, Sakina; Bad, Karin Luisa; Barret-Ducrocq, Françoise ...
1999
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Open access
Les textes réunis dans ce volume rendent compte de la diversité des questions soulevées par les rapports féminin/masculin, en un temps où la participation des femmes à la vie de la cité est devenue ...d’une actualité brûlante, où l’analyse renouvelée de la notion d’identité (et d’identité sexuelle) se trouve au cœur des débats philosophiques. Le développement des études féministes a conduit à examiner les représentations de la femme dans la presse, les arts et les lettres ainsi qu’à s’interroger sur les marques du féminin dans l’écriture, questions dont il convenait d’esquisser un bilan quelque trente ans après le tournant décisif pris par les revendications des femmes dans les années soixante-dix. Les articles présentés dans l’ouvrage Féminin/masculin, sélectionnés à la suite du congrès de la Société des anglicistes de l’enseignement supérieur qui s’est tenu à Rennes en mai 1998, permettent d’aborder ces questions à partir d’études précises, qui interrogent spécifiquement les littératures et les cultures anglo-saxonnes.
Microfinance services are of undeniable importance in the development of agriculture and in improving living standards in rural areas. However, their accessibility in developing countries is ...problematic. The objective of this article is to assess the contribution of microfinance to improve the living conditions of the population in rural areas of Burundi. An exploratory survey was conducted among 120 smallholder tea farmers in 2018 in two zones (Ijenda and Teza). These smallholder tea farmers are between 30 and 86 years old with a basic level of education. The results of the survey showed that the loans made it possible to carry out small projects and met some urgent needs. However, the level of indebtedness was low due to lack of collateral guarantee and the interest rate was relatively high. In addition, the information collected in Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) revealed a lack of support services within MFIs to enable optimal allocation of credits. To compensate for financial shortfalls, smallholder tea farmers are developing mechanisms for saving in kind and tontine systems with multiple socio-economic roles built up. Credit beneficiaries in MFIs are increasingly losing interest in the MFIs credit systems in favour of tontines. In Ijenda zone, only 37.5% want to renew the credits against 41.4% in Teza zone.
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