Summary : Which stage ofhomograph processing is affected by relative frequency of meanings ?
Using a priming task ivith varying stimulus onset asynchrony (60, 120 and 200 milliseconds), the ...experiment presented in this paper was carried out in order to determine whether the effect of the relative frequency of meanings in the processing of homographs is a late one, following an exhaustive access, as usually proposed, or an early one, as indicated by certain previous results. Our findings suggest the existence of three stages in the processing of homographs. In the earliest phase, significant facilitation in lexical decision times is obtained only when the target word is related to the more frequent meaning of the ambiguous prime and this facilitation is obtained only in the case of unbalanced homographs. In a second stage, both meanings are retrieved, whereas, in a third period, once again only the more frequent meanings are available, probably due to an attentional selection process. These results are discussed with regard to methodological considerations which are likely to clear up the differences between the results reported in the lexical ambiguity literature.
Key words : lexical access, lexical ambiguity, relative frequency of meanings.
Résumé
Utilisant un paradigme d'amorçage, qui permet de faire varier le décalage entre l'amorce et la cible (SOA), l'expérience présentée ici s'efforce de préciser si l'effet de la fréquence relative des acceptions dans le traitement des ambiguïtés lexicales est un effet tardif, intervenant après un accès non sélectif, comme il est généralement admis, ou s'il s'agit au contraire d'un effet précoce se manifestant lors de la phase même d'accès au lexique, comme le laissent supposer quelques travaux antérieurs. Les résultats conduisent à envisager trois phases lors du traitement des homographes : une première étape très précoce dans laquelle seule est activée l'acception la plus fréquente, à condition qu'elle soit suffisamment dominante, une seconde phase dans laquelle sont disponibles les deux acceptions, et une troisième période au cours de laquelle les acceptions fréquentes sont à nouveau les plus disponibles, à la suite d'une sélection de nature attentionnelle. La discussion des résultats obtenus est centrée sur les considérations méthodologiques qui sont susceptibles d'expliquer les divergences entre les résultats rapportés dans la littérature consacrée à l'ambiguïté lexicale.
Mots clés : accès au lexique, ambiguïté lexicale, fréquence relative des acceptions.
The question of whether the effect of the relative frequency of meanings in the processing of homographs is relatively early or late was examined in a study using a priming task that varied stimulus ...onset asynchrony (SOA) from 60 to 200 msec. The prime was presented & immediately followed by the target, which the Ss (N = 90) were required to judge as being a French word or not. Findings indicate that the effect of frequency occurs early in processing. At SOAs of 60 msec, a facilitating effect was seen only for targets corresponding to the most frequent meanings of the homographs. Findings at SOAs of 120 msec indicate the existence of a second stage of processing, where all meanings, regardless of frequency, are accessible. Finally, findings at 200 msec suggest a third step at which relative frequency again becomes important. 1 Table, 48 References. B. Annesser Murray
The binary system Alpha Cen A and B, with its well known parallax, its high quality orbit and the reasonable hypothesis of a common origin and age for both components, is a useful test of stellar ...evolution models. Evolutionary sequences are computed for 1.085 and 0.9 solar masses with different values of Z, Y and alpha (= l/Hp). Adopting luminosities and effective temperatures as derived from the observations, Z = 0.04, Y = 0.32, alpha = 1.6 and t = 5 Gyr. The Z-value derived from evolutionary sequences is very sensitive to the difference in effective temperature between the two components.
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