AbstractIn this paper, a novel method for printing path design in the three-dimensional (3D) concrete printing process (3DCP) has been developed and applied to a large-scale construction process. ...Despite the large number of research works in digital concrete printing over the last decade, few studies have explored the method of automatic printing path design, specifically designing the printing path by directly extracting building information modeling (BIM) information from the BIM platform in 3DCP. To obtain BIM information and automatically design the printing path, a script package was developed using a single scripting environment called Dynamo, a Revit plug-in. The proposed method was evaluated using the results of simulation and real-time printing. Compared with the conventional method, the simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce data loss from a 3D BIM model to printing path generation. The real-time printing test implies that the proposed approach is perfectly suitable for integrating BIM with 3DCP.
Abstract
The field of two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism has been proliferating over the past few years, with ongoing interests in basic science and potential applications in spintronic technology. ...However, a high-resolution spectroscopic study of the 2D ferromagnet is still lacking due to the small size and air sensitivity of the exfoliated nanoflakes. Here, we report a thickness-dependent ferromagnetism in epitaxially grown Cr
2
Te
3
thin films and investigate the evolution of the underlying electronic structure by synergistic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and first-principle calculations. A conspicuous ferromagnetic transition from Stoner to Heisenberg-type is directly observed in the atomically thin limit, indicating that dimensionality is a powerful tuning knob to manipulate the novel properties of 2D magnetism. Monolayer Cr
2
Te
3
retains robust ferromagnetism, but with a suppressed Curie temperature, due to the drastic drop in the density of states near the Fermi level. Our results establish atomically thin Cr
2
Te
3
as an excellent platform to explore the dual nature of localized and itinerant ferromagnetism in 2D magnets.
Fermi surface (FS) topology is a fundamental property of metals and superconductors. In electron-doped cuprate Nd2−x
CeₓCuO₄ (NCCO), an unexpected FS reconstruction has been observed in optimal- and ...overdoped regime (x = 0.15–0.17) by quantum oscillation measurements (QOM). This is all the more puzzling because neutron scattering suggests that the antiferromagnetic (AFM) long-range order, which is believed to reconstruct the FS, vanishes before x = 0.14. To reconcile the conflict, a widely discussed external magnetic-field–induced AFM long-range order in QOM explains the FS reconstruction as an extrinsic property. Here, we report angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) evidence of FS reconstruction in optimal- and overdoped NCCO. The observed FSs are in quantitative agreement with QOM, suggesting an intrinsic FS reconstruction without field. This reconstructed FS, despite its importance as a basis to understand electron-doped cuprates, cannot be explained under the traditional scheme. Furthermore, the energy gap of the reconstruction decreases rapidly near x = 0.17 like an order parameter, echoing the quantum critical doping in transport. The totality of the data points to a mysterious order between x = 0.14 and 0.17, whose appearance favors the FS reconstruction and disappearance defines the quantum critical doping. A recent topological proposal provides an ansatz for its origin.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Although approximately 20 common genetic susceptibility loci have been identified for breast cancer risk through genome-wide association studies (GWASs), genetic risk variants reported to date ...explain only a small fraction of heritability for this common cancer. We conducted a four-stage GWAS including 17 153 cases and 16 943 controls among East-Asian women to search for new genetic risk factors for breast cancer. After analyzing 684 457 SNPs in 2062 cases and 2066 controls (Stage I), we selected for replication among 5969 Chinese women (4146 cases and 1823 controls) the top 49 SNPs that had neither been reported previously nor were in strong linkage disequilibrium with reported SNPs (Stage II). Three SNPs were further evaluated in up to 13 152 Chinese and Japanese women (6436 cases and 6716 controls) (Stage III). Finally, two SNPs were evaluated in 10 847 Korean women (4509 cases and 6338 controls) (Stage IV). SNP rs10822013 on chromosome 10q21.2, located in the zinc finger protein 365 (ZNF365) gene, showed a consistent association with breast cancer risk in all four stages with a combined per-risk allele odds ratio of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.07-1.14) (P-value for trend = 5.87 × 10−9). In vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated the potential functional significance of rs10822013. Our results strongly implicate rs10822013 at 10q21.2 as a genetic risk variant for breast cancer among East-Asian women.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Most tumor cells in these ...malignancies are latently infected by KSHV. Thus, viral latency is critical for the development of tumor and induction of tumor-associated angiogenesis. KSHV encodes more than two dozens of miRNAs but their roles in KSHV-induced angiogenesis remains unknown. We have recently shown that miR-K12-3 (miR-K3) promoted cell migration and invasion by targeting GRK2/CXCR2/AKT signaling (PLoS Pathog, 2015;11(9):e1005171). Here, we further demonstrated a role of miR-K3 and its induced signal pathway in KSHV latency and KSHV-induced angiogenesis. We found that overexpression of miR-K3 not only promoted viral latency by inhibiting viral lytic replication, but also induced angiogenesis. Further, knockdown of GRK2 inhibited KSHV replication and enhanced KSHV-induced angiogenesis by enhancing the CXCR2/AKT signals. As a result, blockage of CXCR2 or AKT increased KSHV replication and decreased angiogenesis induced by PEL cells in vivo. Finally, deletion of miR-K3 from viral genome reduced KSHV-induced angiogenesis and increased KSHV replication. These findings indicate that the miR-K3/GRK2/CXCR2/AKT axis plays an essential role in KSHV-induced angiogenesis and promotes KSHV latency, and thus may be a potential therapeutic target of KSHV-associated malignancies.
With possible food crises looming in the near future, urban farming, including small-scale community and home gardens for home consumption, presents a promising option to improve food security in ...cities. These small-scale farms and gardens often use planter boxes and raised beds filled with lightweight soil or potting mixes. While previous studies on biochar focused on its application on large-scale contiguous farmlands, this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of biochar as a partial soil substitute to produce a durable and lightweight soil-biochar mix for small-scale urban farms. The effects of biochar on the chemical properties of the soil-biochar mix, crop yield and, particularly, crop nutrients and metabolic content were assessed. A germination test using pak choi seeds (Brassica rapa L. cultivar group Pak choi, Green-Petioled Form) showed that the biochar contained phytostimulants. Through a nursery pot experiment over four growth cycles, biochar treatments performed better than pure soil at retaining water-soluble NO3− and K+ ions, but were worse at retaining PO43− ions. Nonetheless, despite its positive effect on soil NO3− retention, biochar application did not improve crop yield significantly when the application rate varied from 0% to 60% (v/v). Untargeted metabolomic analyses showed that biochar application may increase the production of carbohydrates and certain flavonoids and glucosinolates. The results of this study showed that biochar can potentially be used to improve pak choi nutritional values and applied in large quantity to obtain a lightweight soil mix for urban farming.
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•Biochar application improved soil nitrate and potassium retention but not phosphate.•Biochar application had null effects on pak choi biomass accumulation.•Biochar application increased carbohydrates but reduced amimo acids in pak choi.•Biochar application increased glucosinolates and flavonoids production in pak choi.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The discovery of infinite-layer nickelate superconductors has spurred enormous interest. While the Ni1+ cations possess nominally the same 3d9 configuration as Cu2+ in cuprates, the electronic ...structure variances remain elusive. Here, we present a soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy study on parent and doped infinite-layer Pr-nickelate thin films with a doped perovskite reference. By identifying the Ni character with resonant photoemission and comparison with density functional theory + U (on-site Coulomb repulsion energy) calculations, we estimate U ∼5 eV, smaller than the charge transfer energy Δ ∼8 eV, confirming the Mott-Hubbard electronic structure in contrast to charge-transfer cuprates. Near the Fermi level (EF), we observe a signature of occupied rare-earth states in the parent compound, which is consistent with a self-doping picture. Our results demonstrate a correlation between the superconducting transition temperature and the oxygen 2p hybridization near EF when comparing hole-doped nickelates and cuprates.
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•Soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements were performed on Pr nickelates•The Hubbard U was estimated to be ∼5 eV, smaller than charge transfer Δ ∼8 eV•Signatures of Pr states were found at the Fermi level in the parent compound•These results help improve the understanding of unconventional superconductivity
The mechanism of unconventional superconductivity has been a central topic of condensed matter physics. The recently discovered nickelate superconductors highly resemble the cuprates in lattice structures and nominal electron configurations but have significantly lower superconducting transition temperatures (TCs) with hole doping. The understanding of this TC difference is important yet elusive. By resonant photoemission, we measured the electron interaction energy scales in the nickelates and demonstrated a reduced oxygen hybridization near the Fermi level. Moreover, signatures of rare-earth states at the Fermi level are identified in the non-doped parent nickelate, indicating a self-doping effect. These results help refine theoretical models and suggest the critical role of oxygen-2p-associated states and their likely coupling to bosonic degrees of freedom for superconductivity.
Comparing isostructural infinite-layer hole-doped cuprates and nickelates, the superconducting critical temperatures have an order of magnitude difference. The major electronic structure variance shown in this work, by direct electronic structure measurement, is that the oxygen orbital hybridization near the Fermi level in the nickelates is significantly smaller than the cuprates. This implies the importance of the oxygen-2p-associated states and their likely coupling to bosonic degrees of freedom for superconductivity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We utilized high-energy-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at both the Ta and Ni L3 edges to map out element-specific particle-hole excitations in Ta2NiSe5 across the phase ...transition. Our results reveal a momentum-dependent gaplike feature in the low-energy spectrum, which agrees well with the band gap in element-specific joint density of states calculations based on ab initio estimates of the electronic structure in both the low-temperature monoclinic and high-temperature orthorhombic structures. Below Tc, the RIXS energy-momentum map shows a minimal gap at the Brillouin zone center (∼0.16 eV), confirming that Ta2NiSe5 possesses a direct band gap in its low-temperature ground state. However, inside the gap, no signature of anticipated collective modes with an energy scale comparable to the gap size can be identified. Upon increasing the temperature to above Tc, whereas the gap at the zone center closes, the RIXS map at finite momenta still possesses the gross features of the low-temperature map, suggesting a substantial mixing between the Ta and Ni orbits in the conduction and valence bands, which does not change substantially across the phase transition. Our experimental observations and comparison to the theoretical calculations lend further support to the phase transition and the corresponding gap opening in Ta2NiSe5 being largely structural by nature, with a possible minor contribution from the putative exciton condensate.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
We report the discovery of infinite-layer nickelate superconductors has spurred enormous interest. While the Ni1+ cations possess nominally the same 3d9 configuration as Cu2+ in cuprates, the ...electronic structure variances remain elusive. Here, we present a soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy study on parent and doped infinite-layer Pr-nickelate thin films with a doped perovskite reference. By identifying the Ni character with resonant photoemission and comparison with density functional theory + U (on-site Coulomb repulsion energy) calculations, we estimate U ~5 eV, smaller than the charge transfer energy Δ ~8 eV, confirming the Mott-Hubbard electronic structure in contrast to charge-transfer cuprates. Near the Fermi level (EF), we observe a signature of occupied rare-earth states in the parent compound, which is consistent with a self-doping picture. Our results demonstrate a correlation between the superconducting transition temperature and the oxygen 2p hybridization near EF when comparing hole-doped nickelates and cuprates.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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