In this study, hierarchical MnO2-coated magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4/MnO2) was synthesized by a mild hydrothermal process, and its application for removing heavy metal ions from contaminated water ...systems was examined. Structural characterization showed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticle core was coated with amorphous MnO2 shell with flowerlike morphology. The as-prepared nanocomposite had a large surface area and high magnetic saturation value, which ensured its good sorption ability and convenience of separation. Fe3O4/MnO2 exhibited a greatly improved removal capacity toward four different heavy metals (Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II)) compared to unmodified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adsorption property of Fe3O4/MnO2 was studied with Cd(II) in more detail. The sorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity toward Cd(II) was 53.2 mg g–1. Fe3O4/MnO2 retained over 80% of its adsorption capacity under various solution conditions that are typically encountered in natural waters. This nanocomposite was easily recovered and reused through consecutive adsorption–desorption experiments with the assistance of an external magnetic field. Overall, the findings propose that Fe3O4/MnO2 could be used as an effective recyclable adsorbent for heavy metal ions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
In a randomized trial of imaging-guided or angiography-guided PCI for complex coronary lesion revascularization procedures, imaging-guided PCI led to a lower risk of target-vessel failure than ...angiography-guided PCI.
Incidental thyroid nodules are commonly detected on ultrasonography (US). This has contributed to the rapidly rising incidence of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma over the last 20 years. The ...appropriate diagnosis and management of these patients is based on the risk factors related to the patients as well as the thyroid nodules. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) published consensus recommendations for US-based management of thyroid nodules in 2011 and revised them in 2016. These guidelines have been used as the standard guidelines in Korea. However, recent advances in the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules have necessitated the revision of the original recommendations. The task force of the KSThR has revised the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and recommendations for US lexicon, biopsy criteria, US criteria of extrathyroidal extension, optimal thyroid computed tomography protocol, and US follow-up of thyroid nodules before and after biopsy. The biopsy criteria were revised to reduce unnecessary biopsies for benign nodules while maintaining an appropriate sensitivity for the detection of malignant tumors in small (1-2 cm) thyroid nodules. The goal of these recommendations is to provide the optimal scientific evidence and expert opinion consensus regarding US-based diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules.
Dapagliflozin, a new type of drug used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM), is a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Although some studies showed that SGLT2 inhibition attenuated reactive ...oxygen generation in diabetic kidney the role of SGLT2 inhibition is unknown. We evaluated whether SLT2 inhibition has renoprotective effects in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) models. We evaluated whether dapagliflozin reduces renal damage in IR mice model. In addition, hypoxic HK2 cells were treated with or without SGLT2 inhibitor to investigate cell survival, the apoptosis signal pathway, and the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) and associated proteins. Dapagliflozin improved renal function. Dapagliflozin reduced renal expression of Bax, renal tubule injury and TUNEL-positive cells and increased renal expression of HIF1 in IR-injured mice. HIF1 inhibition by albendazole negated the renoprotective effects of dapagliflozin treatment in IR-injured mice. In vitro, dapagliflozin increased the expression of HIF1, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and ERK and increased cell survival of hypoxic HK2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, dapagliflozin attenuates renal IR injury. HIF1 induction by dapagliflozin may play a role in renoprotection against renal IR injury.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Chlorophyll loaded microcapsules were produced by spray-drying.•Inclusion of chlorophylls in microcapsules was proved by FTIR, XRD, and DSC analyses.•An increase in concentration of ...MD in carriers improved the quality of microcapsules.•Microencapsulation enhanced thermal and storage stability of chlorophylls.•Storage stability of microcapsules was related to their physicochemical properties.
Detailed investigations on the physicochemical and structural characterization of chlorophyll loaded microcapsules and their storage stability have not previously been conducted. Therefore, our objective was to encapsulate unstable chlorophylls using different blends of gum Arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD) (GA-MD ratios of 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10) by spray-drying to improve storage stability of chlorophylls. An increase in concentration of MD in wall materials was associated with lower moisture content (0.56%), higher encapsulation efficiency (77.19%), chlorophyll content (46.78 µg/g dry powder), degree of crystallinity, and thermal stability of microcapsules. Furthermore, FTIR, XRD, and DSC analyses confirmed inclusion of chlorophylls within microcapsules. The entrapment of chlorophylls within microcapsules enhanced their storage stability at all temperatures (4, 20, and 40 °C) for ten days; notably, microcapsules coated with MD alone showed the highest storage stability (94.7–97.5%). In conclusion, microencapsulation of chlorophylls using MD alone was optimal for enhancing chlorophylls’ storage stability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Graphene oxide (GO) enwrapped SiO2/TiO2 hollow nanoparticles (GO‐HNP) are synthesized by the Stöber method and used as a nanocarrier for loading protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The synthesized nanoparticle ...has high dispersibility and high uniformity in diameter (ca. 50 nm). Furthermore, this nanoparticle shows λ=808 nm laser induced PpIX release properties (photoinduced “on–off” drug‐release system). GO‐HNP‐PpIX is employed for inducing both photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The synergic effect of PTT and PDT exhibits powerful anticancer properties. When cancer cells are treated with GO‐HNP‐PpIX and irradiated with both visible light and a NIR laser, the cell viability drops dramatically to 2.5 %, which is an anticancer effect approximately 13 times higher than that obtained in a previous study. Moreover, no significant cell damage has been observed under λ=808 nm laser irradiation. The GO‐HNP‐PpIX system suggests an external stimuli‐responsive efficient anticancer treatment effect toward human breast cancer cells.
Light from two sources: Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped hollow nanoparticles (GO‐HNP) have been fabricated to deliver the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (GO‐HNP‐PpIX). The obtained GO‐HNP‐PpIX nanoparticles exhibit near‐infrared (NIR)‐laser‐mediated PpIX release properties and generate heat for photothermal therapy (PTT). GO‐HNP‐PpIX is also able to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen under visible‐light irradiation for photodynamic therapy (PDT; see figure).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without hole transport materials (HTMs) are regarded as a promising alternative architecture to realize low-cost, stable photovoltaics. However, ...poor hole transport and severe charge recombination at the interface of perovskite and carbon layers degrade the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of carbon-based PSCs. Here we report on an innovative method to post-treat a carbon electrode with phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI), for the growth of a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite at the interface between the perovskite and carbon layers. The resulting ultrathin PEA2PbI4 layer formed within the perovskite/carbon interface improved the poor perovskite/carbon contact. The favorable conduction and valence energy levels of the 2D perovskite interlayer greatly suppressed interfacial charge recombination, which stems from the absence of an HTM. Using our fabrication method, the average PCE of devices was boosted from 11.5% to 14.5% with minimal hysteresis loss, and a maximum PCE of 15.6% was achieved. Moreover, the PEAI-treated devices showed excellent ambient stability. The dual protection of the hydrophobic carbon and 2D perovskite layers enabled the device to retain 92% of its initial PCE after 1000 h of exposure to ambient conditions (relative humidity: 40 ± 5%). The thermal stability of the devices was also enhanced, showing no efficiency loss after thermal testing at 150 °C, due to suppressed ion migration.
The first example of a 4+3‐annulation reaction between in situ‐generated azaoxyallyl cations and isatoic anhydride has been developed for the construction of seven‐membered 1,4‐benzodiazepinediones ...in moderate to good yields (up to 91% yield). This annulation reaction involves the cascade reaction of decarboxylative addition of hexafluoroisopropanol to isatoic anhydride, addition to the azaoxyallyl cation, and intramolecular substitution to yield 1,4‐benzodiazepinediones.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Intravascular microrobots have emerged as a promising tool for vascular diseases. They can be wirelessly and precisely manipulated with a high degree of freedom. Previous studies have evaluated their ...drilling performance and locomotion, and showed the feasibility of using microrobots for biomedical applications in two-dimensional space. However, it is critical to validate micro-drillers in a three-dimensional (3D) environment because gravity plays an important role in a 3D environment and significantly affects the performance of the micro-drillers in vascular networks. In this work, we fabricated magnetic drilling actuators (MDAs) and characterized their locomotion and drilling performance in vascular network-mimicking fluidic channels. The MDAs were precisely manipulated in the fluidic channel network in both horizontal and vertical planes, selecting and moving through the desired path via the junctions of multiple channels. The MDAs also accurately navigated an artificial thrombosis in an artificial 3D vascular network and successfully drilled through it. The results obtained here confirmed the precise manipulation and drilling performance of the developed MDAs in 3D. We think that the MDAs presented in this paper have great potential as intravascular drillers for precise thrombus treatment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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