Background The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with use of different grafts in patients with or without excessive joint ...laxity. Methods We retrospectively studied eighty-three patients (forty-eight men and thirty-five women) who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between June 2002 and August 2004. Of the thirty-one patients who had generalized joint laxity, twenty were managed with an autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and eleven were managed with a four-bundle hamstring (semitendinosus-gracilis tendon) graft. Of the fifty-two patients who had normal joint laxity, thirty-three were managed with a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and nineteen were managed with a hamstring graft. Clinical results were evaluated by means of an examination at a minimum of twenty-four months after surgery. Results Among the patients who had normal joint laxity, the mean side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation on testing with the KT-2000 arthrometer at a minimum of twenty-four months postoperatively was 2.7 ± 1.9 mm in the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft group and 3.5 ± 1.7 mm in the hamstring graft group. This difference was not significant. The mean Lysholm score was 91 ± 7 points in the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft group and 85 ± 10 points in the hamstring graft group (p = 0.492). The side-to-side difference in anterior translation had an inverse correlation with the Lysholm score (β = –0.604, p < 0.001). Among the patients who had excessive joint laxity, the mean side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation was 3.4 ± 1.5 mm in the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft group and 4.5 ± 2.0 mm in the hamstring graft group (p = 0.036). The mean Lysholm score was 89 ± 7 points in the bone-patellar tendon-bone group and 79 ± 12 points in the hamstring group (p = 0.015). The side-to-side difference in anterior translation had an inverse correlation with the Lysholm score (β = –0.708, p < 0.001). Conclusions In patients who have excessive joint laxity, the two-year outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts are better than those with four-bundle hamstring grafts in terms of both side-to-side anterior laxity and clinical results. Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
This study evaluated the in vitro activity of florfenicol (F) in combination with amoxicillin (AM) or cefuroxime (CRM) against pathogenic bacteria of animal origin, including E. coli, S. aureus, S. ...cholerasuis and P. mirabilis. The MIC of AM ranged from 16 to 256 mug/ml. The MBC of AM (64 mug/ml) was four-fold higher than its MIC value (16 mug/ml) for E. coli, and similar to the MIC for the other three species. The MIC of F ranged from 8 to 16 mug/ml. The MBC values of F for E. coli, S. aureus, and S. cholerasuis were eight-fold higher than the respective MIC values, and 32-fold higher than the MIC of P. mirabilis. The MIC of CRM ranged from 8 to 128 mug/ml. The MBC of CRM was the highest (greater than 256 mug/ml), except for E. coli. The F/AM combination resulted in synergism (FIC index less than or equal to 0.5) for E. coli, S. aureus, and P. mirabilis and in-difference (FIC index greater than 1) for S. cholerasuis. For F/CRM combination, synergism (E. coli and S. choleras
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background Heterotopic ossification following lower-limb joint arthroplasty is a challenging clinical problem. No comprehensive study has been conducted on heterotopic ossification after total ankle ...arthroplasty, to our knowledge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and location of heterotopic ossification after primary total ankle arthroplasty, predisposing factors, and effects on clinical outcomes, and to develop a method of classification. Methods Eighty ankles in eighty patients with a primary total ankle arthroplasty were followed for a mean (and standard deviation) of 31.9 ± 11.3 months (range, twenty-four to sixty-five months). The prevalence and location of heterotopic ossification, predisposing factors, and outcomes were analyzed, and a method of classification was developed. Results Twenty (25%) of the eighty ankles demonstrated postoperative heterotopic ossification, with the majority of the cases in the posterior aspect of the ankle. The heterotopic ossification was Class I in four cases (20%); Class II, in five (25%); Class III, in four (20%); and Class IV, in seven (35%). Symptomatic heterotopic ossification was reported in eight patients (10%), and two required surgical resection because of intractable pain. Ankles that developed heterotopic ossification had significantly longer operative times, less postoperative motion, and lower American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores at the six, twelve, and twenty-four-month follow-up examinations (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions This study demonstrates that the prevalence of heterotopic ossification following primary total ankle arthroplasty is considerable, and that heterotopic ossification is associated with reduced ankle motion and a poor clinical outcome at a mean of two years postoperatively. Care is needed to attempt to reduce the occurrence of heterotopic ossification. Level of Evidence Prognostic Level II . See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Background Brachymetatarsia is the presence of an abnormally short metatarsal, and distraction osteogenesis has been used for its treatment. The purpose of the present study was to compare the ...outcomes of patients who underwent distraction osteogenesis for the treatment of first and/or fourth brachymetatarsia. Methods The data from forty-eight patients (sixty-four feet, seventy-four metatarsals) who underwent distraction osteogenesis for the treatment of brachymetatarsia were reviewed. The indications for surgery included a metatarsal that was at least 10 mm shorter than the adjacent metatarsal and that had an unacceptable cosmetic appearance. The study group comprised thirty-two first brachymetatarsia in nineteen patients (Group A) and forty-two fourth brachymetatarsia in twenty-nine patients (Group B). The average age was twenty years in Group A and eighteen years in Group B. The average duration of follow-up was 58.1 months in Group A and 56.1 in Group B. Metatarsal length, lengthening gain, healing time and index, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal and lesser metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scores were evaluated. Results All patients were satisfied with the final length of the metatarsal and all had achieved bone union at the time of the last follow-up. The mean lengthening gain was 17.2 mm (42.9%) in Group A and 16.3 mm (37.3%) in Group B. The mean healing index was 71.0 days/cm in Group A and 67.3 days/cm in Group B. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 91.2 points in Group A and 92.8 points in Group B at the last follow-up (twenty-two excellent, nine good, and one fair results in Group A, and twenty-nine excellent, eleven good, and two fair results in Group B). The most common complication was metatarsophalangeal joint stiffness, which occurred in thirteen rays in Group A and in twelve rays in Group B; malalignment of the lengthened metatarsal was observed six times in each group. No significant intergroup differences in the outcomes were found. Conclusions Distraction osteogenesis for first and/or fourth brachymetatarsia provided successful lengthening of a metatarsal with eventual osseous union and was associated with similar outcomes in terms of healing index, function score, and the prevalence of complications between the two groups, although frequent complications were encountered and no improvement in foot function was found. Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level IV . See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Background Soluble inflammatory mediators are known to exacerbate sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been suggested to play a part in ...immunomodulation by cytokine removal. However, the effect of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) dose on inflammatory cytokine removal and its influence on patient outcomes are not yet clear. Study Design Prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label trial. Setting & Participants Septic patients with AKI receiving CVVHDF for AKI. Intervention Conventional (40 mL/kg/h) and high (80 mL/kg/h) doses of CVVHDF for the duration of CRRT. Outcomes Patient and kidney survival at 28 and 90 days, circulating cytokine levels. Results 212 patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Mean age was 62.1 years, and 138 (65.1%) were men. Mean intervention durations were 5.4 and 6.2 days for the conventional- and high-dose groups, respectively. There were no differences in 28-day mortality (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.73-1.43; P = 0.9) or 28-day kidney survival (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.48-1.93; P = 0.9) between groups. High-dose CVVHDF, but not the conventional dose, significantly reduced interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1b, and IL-10 levels. There were no differences in the development of electrolyte disturbances between the conventional- and high-dose groups. Limitations Small sample size. Only the predilution CVVHDF method was used and initiation criteria were not controlled. Conclusions High CVVHDF dose did not improve patient outcomes despite its significant influence on inflammatory cytokine removal. CRRT-induced immunomodulation may not be sufficient to influence clinical end points.
Background Range of motion after a total knee arthroplasty is an important indicator of clinical outcome. Recently, a high-flexion posterior cruciate ligament-retaining knee prosthesis was designed ...to allow greater flexion after total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to compare range of motion and functional outcomes in patients who received either a high-flexion cruciate-retaining or a standard cruciate-retaining knee replacement. Methods Fifty knees that had a total knee arthroplasty with a high-flexion design and fifty that had a total knee arthroplasty with a standard design were included in this study and were followed prospectively for a minimum of two years. The arcs of maximal non-weight-bearing passive flexion and weight-bearing flexion were measured, and the number of knees that allowed the patients to kneel and sit cross-legged in comfort was determined. In addition, the functional outcomes in these two groups were assessed with use of the Hospital for Special Surgery and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores. Results At the time of the final follow-up, the average maximal non-weight-bearing flexion was 135.3° for the knees in the high-flexion group and 134.3° for the knees in the standard group; the difference was not significant. Moreover, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of weight-bearing flexion (124.8° in the high-flexion group and 123.7° in the standard group) and the number of knees that allowed kneeling and sitting cross-legged. The average Hospital for Special Surgery knee score was 94.4 points in the high-flexion group and 92.4 points in the standard group; the difference was not significant. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores also showed no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions For knees managed with a cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty, those that had the high-flexion design and those that had the standard design were found to have a similar range of motion under both non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing conditions. Moreover, no significant difference was found in terms of the other functional outcomes examined. Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level II . See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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