Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is an emerging operative alternative to open surgery for the management of invasive bladder cancer. Studies from single institutions provide limited data due ...to the small number of patients. In order to better understand the related outcomes, a world-wide consortium was established in 2006 of patients undergoing RARC, called the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium (IRCC). Thus far, the IRCC has reported its findings on various areas of operative interest and continues to expand its capacity to include other operative modalities and transform it into the International Radical Cystectomy Consortium. This article summarizes the findings of the IRCC and highlights the future direction of the consortium.
The syntheses and antitumor activity of three paclitaxel–chlorambucil hybrids are presented. Hybrid
3 showed significant in vivo efficacy.
The syntheses and antitumor activity of three ...paclitaxel–chlorambucil hybrids are presented. Hybrid
3 showed significant in vivo efficacy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Impact of white matter abnormalities (WMAs) on neuropsychological functioning in children with early‐treated phenylketonuria (ETPKU) was examined. Children with ETPKU (20 males, 12 females, mean age ...11 years 2 months, SD 3 years 6 months) and controls (20 males, 14 females, mean age 10 years 4 months, SD 3 years 1 month) aged 7 to 18 years were assessed using tests of attention, processing speed, memory and learning, executive function, and academic achievement. Those with ETPKU, exhibiting WMAs extending into subcortical/frontal regions (n=14), displayed significant impairments in a number of domains. Children with ETPKU but no WMAs (n=6), or pathology restricted to the posterior periventricular region (n=12), displayed only mild deficits. Concurrent phenylalanine levels correlated weakly with cognitive parameters, whereas lifetime phenylalanine levels were associated with deficits in several cognitive domains. Impairments in children with extensive WMAs are consistent with compromised neural transmission, which is characterized by dysmyelination. However, children with no detectable, or mild WMAs, also displayed cognitive problems, indicating that neuropsychological functioning in children with ETPKU is determined by a complex interaction of biological and environmental factors.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We have constructed a complete coverage BAC contig map that spans a 12-Mb genomic segment in the human chromosome 16p13.1-p11.2 region. The map consists of 68 previously mapped STSs and 289 BAC ...clones, 51 of which-corresponding to a total of 7.721 Mb of genomic DNA-have been sequenced, and provides a high resolution physical map of the region. Contigs were initially built based mainly on the analysis of STS contents and restriction fingerprint patterns of the clones. To close the gaps, probes derived from BAC clone ends were used to screen deeper BAC libraries. Clone end sequence data obtained from chromosome 16-specific BACs, as well as from public databases, were used for the identification of BACs that overlap with fully sequenced BACs by means of sequence match. This approach allowed precise alignment of clone overlaps in addition to restriction fingerprint comparison. A freehand contig drawing software tool was developed and used to manage the map data graphically and generate a real scale physical map. The map we present here is approximately 3.5 x deep and provides a minimal tiling path that covers the region in an array of contigous, overlapping BACs.
The usefulness of subcutaneous injection of three local anesthetic agents to stimulate tick detachment in an animal model was evaluated. American dog ticks (
Dermacentor variabilis) were placed on ...three New Zealand white rabbits and allowed to attach for 24 hours. Dead and unattached ticks were manually removed. Three local anesthetic agents were studied: 1% lidocaine (group A); 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 (group B); and 1% chloroprocaine (group C). For each group, a total of 0.25 mL of anesthetic agent was injected subcutaneously under the attached portion of each tick, resulting in formation of a 5- to 6-mm wheal. For all three anesthetic agents studied (group A, 34 ticks; group B, 28 ticks; group C, 31 ticks), none of the ticks spontaneously detached within 1 hour after injection. Subcutaneous injection of 1% lidocaine, 1% lidocaine with epinephrine, and 1% chloroprocaine are not effective methods for rapid tick removal in the animal model.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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