Studies of naturally occurring cancers in dogs, which share many genetic and environmental factors with humans, provide valuable information as a comparative model for studying the mechanisms of ...human cancer pathogenesis. While individual and small-scale studies of canine cancers are underway, more generalized multi-omics studies have not been attempted due to the lack of large-scale and well-controlled genomic data. Here, we produced reliable whole-exome and whole-transcriptome sequencing data of 197 canine mammary cancers and their matched controls, annotated with rich clinical and biological features. Our dataset provides useful reference points for comparative analysis with human cancers and for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for cancers in pet dogs.
This study explored the use of quotations in offline (the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal) and online (Huffington Post and Newsmax) newspapers in terms of verb objectivity and source ...qualification (transparency and credibility). Individual analyses showed offline papers relatively focused more on verb objectivity, whereas online papers concentrated on source qualification. On analyzing verbs and sources together, the study found better journalistic performance in online papers. While offline papers employed verb objectivity as a sole standard for desirable quotation usage, online papers utilized source qualification and verb objectivity as leverages. More transparent-credible sources outnumbered less transparent-credible sources and objective verbs outnumbered unobjective verbs in online papers, but offline papers only had more objective than unobjective verbs and ignored desirable source use.
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Treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients with current standard chemotherapeutic agents frequently results in resistance, leading to poor overall survival. However, there has been no success in ...developing strategies to overcome it. We showed the expression levels of both β-catenin and
were significantly increased and correlated in tissues of 756 gastric cancer (GC) patients and tissues of primary- and acquired-resistance patient-derived xenograft tumors treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin modulated with leucovorin (FOLFOX). On the basis of our previous studies, where small molecules to suppress colorectal cancer (CRC) via degrading both β-catenin and
were developed, we tested the effectiveness of KYA1797K, a representative compound functioning by binding axin, in the growth of GC cells. The efficacy test of the drugs using gastric tumor organoids of
mice showed that the CD44 and ALDH1A3 cancer stem cell markers were induced by FOLFOX, but not by KYA1797K. KYA1797K also efficiently suppressed tumors generated by re-engrafting the FOLFOX-resistant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors, which also showed resistance to paclitaxel. Overall, the small-molecule approach degrading both β-catenin and RAS has potential as a therapeutic strategy for treating GC patients resistant to current standard chemotherapies.
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As fake news becomes a pressing social concern, governments from many countries have considered legislation against fake news. This study examined how citizens formed opinions about fake news and an ...anti-fake news bill in South Korea where political elites provide polarized discourse regarding fake news and associated regulatory politics. Progressive leaders more intensely criticized fake news and proposed an anti-fake news bill whereas conservative leaders vehemently opposed the bill. The analysis of survey data showed that elite polarization may affect citizens’ perceptions of fake news and attitudes toward anti-fake news legislation. Strong partisans tended to believe that fake news is more hostile toward their in-group and had stronger third-person perceptions, and such perceptions were positively related to the support of anti-fake news legislation. Moreover, progressive voters tended to have stronger hostile and third-person perceptions than conservative counterparts, reflecting endorsement of their in-group leaders’ positions. News reception about the bill further increased the gap in the level of support for the bill between progressive and conservative citizens.
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A movable three-dimensional shape measurement system of a road surface has been developed. The measurement is conducted by moving the measurement cart along the path. The measurement system is ...composed of a 2D laser scanner, localization camera, omnidirectional camera, acceleration sensor and a computer. The laser scanner measures the cross-sectional shape of the road at a rate of 40 Hz. The direction of the localization camera view is downward to observe the texture of the road surface. The relative movement of the measurement cart on the road is detected by analyzing the optical flow of texture movements of the road. The localization camera is set as the laser scanning line is included in the view of the camera. The distance between the camera and the ground is considered on determination of the movement of the cart. Cross-sectional shapes of the road are arranged on considering the movement of the cart and the three-dimensional road shape is reconstructed on the computer. The color information recorded by the omnidirectional camera are allocated to the three-dimensional shape data, and the three-dimensional road is digitally visualized in color on the computer. The reconstructed road data can be used for repair and design of a road. The experimental results show the feasibility of our system.
Journalism scholars have argued that South Korean newspapers take advantage of quotation-embedded headlines to perpetuate their bias. However, the frequent use of direct quotations alone is not ...sufficient evidence for opinionated news. This study claims that it is more important to scrutinize the accuracy of direct quotations in headlines rather than their frequency. This study further argues that the accuracy of direct quotations should be analyzed with three foci: the exactness of the quotation, the validity of the attribution, and the legitimacy of the emphasis. Using these, this study attempts to compare headlines in South Korean and American newspapers (i.e., Chosun Ilbo and The New York Times). A content analysis revealed that Chosun Ilbo prevalently placed direct quotations in headlines, extensively revised them, frequently left out the verb of attribution, and put more direct quotations in the very beginning of headlines. These trends are becoming more pronounced over time. This study seeks to challenge the methodological limitations of current headline studies and expanding newspaper accuracy literature with a particular emphasis on headlines. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is emerging as a promising translational platform to duplicate the characteristics of tumours. However, few studies have reported detailed histological and ...genomic analyses for model fidelity and for factors affecting successful model establishment of gastric cancer. Here, we generated PDX tumours surgically-derived from 62 gastric cancer patients. Fifteen PDX models were successfully established (24.2%, 15/62) and passaged to maintain tumours in immune-compromised mice. Diffuse type and low tumour cell percentage were negatively correlated with success rates (p = 0.005 and p = 0.025, respectively), while reducing ex vivo and overall procedure times were positively correlated with success rates (p = 0.003 and p = 0.01, respectively). The histology and genetic characteristics of PDX tumour models were stable over subsequent passages. Lymphoma transformation occurred in five cases (33.3%, 5/15), and all were in the NOG mouse, with none in the nude mouse. Together, the present study identified Lauren classification, tumour cell percentages, and ex vivo times along with overall procedure times, as key determinants for successful PDX engraftment. Furthermore, genetic and histological characteristics were highly consistent between primary and PDX tumours, which provide realistic paraclinical models, enabling personalised development of treatment options for gastric cancer.
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This study examines the first- and second-level agenda setting process and priming effects in the same experimental setting. Specifically, it explores the association between the two levels of agenda ...setting effects and priming effects. The main purpose of the study is to determine which of the two agenda setting effects better explains priming effects by using the global warming issue as the target object. By exposing three groups of subjects, respectively, to three kinds of pseudo online newspaper (High, Medium and No Exposure) stimuli, the experiment found that even if there were two levels of agenda setting and priming effects detected, second-level agenda setting effects were more closely connected to priming effects. With regard to the relationship between agenda setting and priming effects, it is recommended that various issues beyond the environment issue, which this study took, and their attributes should be tested in order to further understand media effects.
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Due to ever increasing demands for memory size, compressed memory swap technique has been widely deployed in many consumer electronics. Although reducing data size effectively extends available ...memory, it inevitably brings computational overhead. Also, the effectiveness of this technique highly depends on the compression ratio. If there is a significant amount of incompressible data, the compression only brings unnecessary overhead without any benefits. In this paper, we address this problem by skipping the compression of incompressible pages in an efficient manner. We propose a novel compression predictor which quickly and accurately estimates whether a page is compressible or not. The experimental results show that our predictor can improve launch time by 29.5% on average with 97.4% accuracy.
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