Taraxacum coreanum Nakai (TC) is a dandelion native to Korea that has long been used as a medicinal herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Intestinal inflammation is closely ...associated with intestinal epithelial barrier disruption, which leads to the progression of various intestinal diseases.
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of TC extract on inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2 cells.
The inhibitory effect of TC on nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines production were determined by Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The epithelial permeability was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, and inflammation- and tight junction (TJ)-related protein expression were analyzed by Western blotting. In addition, the presence of ten active compounds was identified and quantified using UHPLC-ESI-MS and HPLC-DAD analyses.
Treatment with TC significantly reduced NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines production interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α compared to the group treated with LPS only, particularly at 100 μg/mL. TC significantly decreased monolayer permeability as detected by TEER. In addition, the transmission of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 across the barrier was decreased after treatment with TC. Inflammation-related proteins (inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were down-regulated after treatment with TC. In contrast, TC significantly increased the protein levels of the TJ-related protein, claudin-5. Ten phytochemicals (protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, scopoletin, chicoric acid, hyperoside, nicotiflorin, luteoloside, sophoricoside, and luteolin) were identified by UHPLC-ESI-MS and HPLC-DAD analysis.
Our findings suggest that ethanolic extract of TC could attenuate the LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by increasing the TJ protein and suppressing inflammatory responses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Total polyphenol and total flavonoid assays were performed to characterize the relationships between the color of Peucedanum japonicum (PJ) seed coat and stem and the content of phytochemical ...compounds. The samples were divided into two groups based on their stem and seed coat color, with each group containing 23 samples. The stem color group was subdivided into green, light red, and red, whereas the seed coat color group was divided into light brown, brown, and dark brown. In the stem color group, the light red stems exhibited the highest content of phytochemical compounds, with levels over 10% higher than those of the stems of the other colors. Moreover, among the top ten samples with the highest total polyphenol content, eight samples were light red, and the light red group also exhibited the highest total flavonoid content among the examined color groups. In terms of the seed coat color, the plants grown from dark brown seeds exhibited the highest contents of both total polyphenols and total flavonoids. In conclusion, PJ plants with dark brown seeds and light red stems contained the highest levels of phytochemical compounds. Collectively, our findings provide a valuable basis for future seed selection of PJ for pharmaceutical purposes.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Recently, two‐dimensional (2D) metal chalcogenides are gaining considerable attention for its potential employment in energy storage, catalysis, electronic, and sensing devices. Vanadium ...disulfide (VS2) from the 2D family gathers intensive attention for its application as promising electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we present a simple, cost‐effective hydrothermal technique for the synthesis of nanodiscs (NDs)‐like VS2 structures. They were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and evaluated as electrochemical catalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). NDs‐like structures made up of thin nanoplates with active sites were found to play a huge role on their electrochemical properties. The prepared VS2 NDs show highly efficient electro catalytic performances with a Tafel slope of 79 mV dec−1. In addition, the prepared VS2 NDs exhibited high stability in acidic solution without any sign for degradation even after 500 continuous potential cycles. The excellent HER performance and long‐term durability suggest the VS2 NDs to serve as an promising and inexpensive HER electro catalyst.
Ultrathin VS2 nanodics (NDs) shaped electrocatalysts synthesized via simple hydrothermal method exhibited remarkable hydrogen evaluation reaction (HER) under acidic condition with superior catalytic performance and long term stability.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study investigates the industrial potential of
Dendranthema zawadskii
(DZ) by fractionating it to enhance material efficiency and economic feasibility. Evaluating functional substances and ...biological activities, we found that the butanol (Bu) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions exhibited significantly higher linarin contents, 77.360 mg/g and 70.603 mg/g, respectively—approximately 3.4 times greater than the methanol extract. In the EtOAc fraction, luteolin content (52.135 mg/g) and 3,5-DCQA content (184.704 mg/g) were 6.4 and 9.7 times higher than in the methanol extract, respectively. Cell viability for HaCaT cells (≤ 200 μg/mL) and B16F10 cells (≤ 25 μg/mL) was consistently 80% or higher, indicating negligible toxicity, except for hexane (He) and chloroform (Ch) fractions. The EtOAc fraction demonstrated the highest total polyphenol content (370.50 mg/g) and total flavonoid content (947.47 mg/g), significantly surpassing other fractions. Importantly, at 25 μg/mL, the EtOAc fraction exhibited antioxidant activity (92.47%), comparable to the control, while He and Bu fractions showed high antioxidant activity (> 90%) at 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction displayed the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity (33.33%) and reduced melanin formation by 37.12% compared to the α-MSH treatment group. Antibacterial activities of 100 mg/mL He, Ch, and EtOAc fractions against
Staphylococcus aureus
exceeded the positive control, and their activity against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
surpassed the positive control for all fractions. The Ch fraction demonstrated superior activity against
Candida albicans
. In conclusion, the EtOAc fraction of DZ emerges as a promising industrial material, offering safety, high functionality, and remarkable polyphenol and flavonoid contents, making it versatile for applications in cosmetics, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Micro-fabricated single-layer graphenes (SLGs) on a silicon dioxide (SiO
)/Si substrate, a silicon nitride (SiN) membrane, and a suspended architecture are presented for their use as temperature ...sensors. These graphene temperature sensors act as resistance temperature detectors, showing a quadratic dependence of resistance on the temperature in a range between 283 K and 303 K. The observed resistance change of the graphene temperature sensors are explained by the temperature dependent electron mobility relationship (~T
) and electron-phonon scattering. By analyzing the transient response of the SLG temperature sensors on different substrates, it is found that the graphene sensor on the SiN membrane shows the highest sensitivity due to low thermal mass, while the sensor on SiO
/Si reveals the lowest one. Also, the graphene on the SiN membrane reveals not only the fastest response, but also better mechanical stability compared to the suspended graphene sensor. Therefore, the presented results show that the temperature sensors based on SLG with an extremely low thermal mass can be used in various applications requiring high sensitivity and fast operation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A 1.2 V 20 nm 307 GB/s high-bandwidth memory (HBM) DRAM is presented to satisfy a high-bandwidth requirement of high-performance computing application. The HBM is composed of buffer die and multiple ...core dies, and each core die has 8 Gb DRAM cell array with additional 1 Gb ECC array. At-speed wafer level, a u-bump IO test scheme and an adaptive refresh scheme considering temperature distribution are proposed to guarantee test coverage and stable operation in a power-efficient manner.
The constituents and antioxidant activities of
Cyperus exaltatus
var.
iwasakii
(CE) have not been studied to date. In this study, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ...2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays were used to evaluate the radical-scavenging activities of the ethanol extract, four fractions, and isolated compounds of CE. In addition, phenolic acids and flavonoids were isolated from the ethanol extract of CE using column chromatography. The compounds identified by spectroscopy were gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid,
p
-coumaric acid, rutin, ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, astragalin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, tricin, and kaempferol. Quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the major flavonoids of CE were astragalin and tricin and that the major phenolic acid was
p
-coumaric acid. In addition, comparative analysis of CE from Ganghwa and Hampyeong habitats using HPLC showed that the Hampyeong CE had a higher phytochemical content. Comparative analyses of the isolated compounds were also conducted among five
Cyperus
species. The highest antioxidant activities were found in the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction, and among the compounds isolated from CE, vanillic acid and quercetin showed remarkable antioxidant activity even when compared with ascorbic acid. The results demonstrate the usefulness of CE, which has not been sufficiently studied previously, and will facilitate the evaluation of its potential effectiveness as antioxidant functional plant material.
A simple and accurate method was developed for the quantitative analysis of oleanonic acid (OA) from mastic gum.
The analysis was carried out using reverse-phase high-performance liquid ...chromatography combined with a photodiode array detector (HPLC/PDA). Our optimized method was validated by measuring various parameters, using an INNO C18 column fitted with a gradient elution system. The results revealed limits of detection and quantification of 0.34 and 1.042 μg/mL, respectively. The OA calibration curve exhibited excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.0625 to 2.0 mg/mL, with r2 =0.9996. Accuracy tests revealed a high recovery rate of 99.44-103.66%, with precision values below 0.15%. These results suggest that the present analytical method can identify and quantify OA in mastic gum with high precision. The HPLC approach developed in this study might be applied to routine analyses and large-scale extraction procedures for OA content quantification. KCI Citation Count: 0
To assess the potential of Korean wild
Chrysanthemum
flowers as cosmetic ingredients, this study evaluated the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and skin-whitening activities of extracts from
Chrysanthemum ...zawadskii
var.
latilobum
,
C. zawadskii
var.
lucidum
,
C. zawadskii
var.
yezoense
, and
C. makinoi
. Subsequently, HPLC analyses were conducted to characterize the phenolic compound contents of these extracts. The Korean wild
Chrysanthemum
flowers exhibited strong antioxidant properties, as evidenced by in vitro radical scavenging activity assays. They also exhibited skin-whitening activity by inhibiting melanin contents in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced B16F10 cells. Notably,
C. zawadskii
var.
lucidum
displayed higher antioxidant activity due to its elevated flavonoid content and potent radical scavenging activity compared to other wild
Chrysanthemum
flowers. Furthermore,
C. makinoi
exhibited strong in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity and reduced melanin contents in comparison to the other wild
Chrysanthemum
flowers. Our findings also confirmed the antimicrobial activity of the wild
Chrysanthemum
flower extracts against
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
and
Candida albicans
. Additionally, our HPLC analyses revealed that C.
zawadskii
var.
lucidum
had significantly higher contents of chlorogenic acid, linarin, 3,5-di-
O
-caffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5-di-
O
-caffeoylquinic acid. Therefore, Korean wild
Chrysanthemum
flowers hold promise as functional cosmetic ingredients due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and skin-whitening effects, as well as their elevated levels of phenolic compounds.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) belongs to the Poaceae family. This study compared the polyphenol and flavonoid levels of unfermented and fermented barley sprouts using spectrophotometric assays. The ...findings indicated that fermentation greatly boosted the flavonoid content but caused only a slight increase in the polyphenol content. However, this does not imply that fermentation has no effects whatsoever on the polyphenol content of barley sprouts. This was due to the fact that some flavonoids cannot be detected by the wavelength used to calculate the overall polyphenol concentration. Both samples were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and detected the flavonoids lutonarin, saponarin, isoorientin, isovitexin, and tricin—all of which have bioactive properties—most notably known for their antioxidant activity. These results augment the ongoing phytochemical profiling research and can possibly valorize the already thriving barley industry. KCI Citation Count: 0
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