Reports that promote persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) as a viable alternative to hydrogen peroxide-based processes have been rapidly accumulating in recent water treatment ...literature. Various strategies to activate peroxide bonds in persulfate precursors have been proposed and the capacity to degrade a wide range of organic pollutants has been demonstrated. Compared to traditional AOPs in which hydroxyl radical serves as the main oxidant, persulfate-based AOPs have been claimed to involve different in situ generated oxidants such as sulfate radical and singlet oxygen as well as nonradical oxidation pathways. However, there exist controversial observations and interpretations around some of these claims, challenging robust scientific progress of this technology toward practical use. This Critical Review comparatively examines the activation mechanisms of peroxymonosulfate and peroxydisulfate and the formation pathways of oxidizing species. Properties of the main oxidizing species are scrutinized and the role of singlet oxygen is debated. In addition, the impacts of water parameters and constituents such as pH, background organic matter, halide, phosphate, and carbonate on persulfate-driven chemistry are discussed. The opportunity for niche applications is also presented, emphasizing the need for parallel efforts to remove currently prevalent knowledge roadblocks.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
In this letter, a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access system with imperfect successive interference cancellation is investigated in an underlay cognitive radio network. Considering that the ...channel coefficients between the primary source and the secondary receiving nodes follow Rayleigh distribution, we derive an exact closed form of the exact outage probability for each secondary destination. Also, asymptotic expressions for the outage probability are derived: 1) when the interference constraint goes to infinity and 2) when the transmit powers at the secondary source and relay go to infinity. The simulation results verify our analytical results.
The number of studies employing artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine and deep learning, is growing fast. The majority of studies suffer from limitations in planning, conduct and ...reporting, resulting in low robustness, reproducibility and applicability. We here present a consented checklist on planning, conducting and reporting of AI studies for authors, reviewers and readers in dental research.
Lending from existing reviews, standards and other guidance documents, an initial draft of the checklist and an explanatory document were derived and discussed among the members of IADR’s e-oral network and the ITU/WHO focus group “Artificial Intelligence for Health (AI4H)”. The checklist was consented by 27 group members via an e-Delphi process.
Thirty-one items on planning, conducting and reporting of AI studies were agreed on. These involve items on the studies’ wider goal, focus, design and specific aims, data sampling and reporting, sample estimation, reference test construction, model parameters, training and evaluation, uncertainty and explainability, performance metrics and data partitions.
Authors, reviewers and readers should consider this checklist when planning, conducting, reporting and evaluating studies on AI in dentistry.
Current studies on AI in dentistry show considerable weaknesses, hampering their replication and application. This checklist may help to overcome this issue and advance AI research as well as facilitate a debate on standards in this fields.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Printing technology can be used for manufacturing stretchable electrodes, which represent essential parts of wearable devices requiring relatively high degrees of stretchability and conductivity. In ...this work, a strategy for fabricating printable and highly stretchable conductors are proposed by transferring printed Ag ink onto stretchable substrates comprising Ecoflex elastomer and tough hydrogel layers using a water‐soluble tape. The elastic modulus of the produced hybrid film is close to that of the hydrogel layer, since the thickness of Ecoflex elastomer film coated on hydrogel is very thin (30 µm). Moreover, the fabricated conductor on hybrid film is stretched up to 1780% strain. The described transfer method is simpler than other techniques utilizing elastomer stamps or sacrificial layers and enables application of printable electronics to the substrates with low elastic moduli (such as hydrogels). The integration of printed electronics with skin‐like low‐modulus substrates can be applied to make wearable devices more comfortable for human skin.
Printable and highly stretchable conductors are realized by transferring printed Ag ink onto stretchable substrates comprising Ecoflex and tough hydrogel layers. The elastic modulus of the produced hybrid film is close to that of the hydrogel layer, since the thickness of Ecoflex coated on hydrogel is very small. The fabricated conductor on hybrid film is stretched up to 1780% strain.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the detection and diagnosis of three types of odontogenic cystic lesions (OCLs)—odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and periapical ...cysts—using dental panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN).
Methods
The GoogLeNet Inception‐v3 architecture was used to enhance the overall performance of the detection and diagnosis of OCLs based on transfer learning. Diagnostic indices (area under the ROC curve AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and confusion matrix with and without normalization) were calculated and compared between pretrained models using panoramic and CBCT images.
Results
The pretrained model using CBCT images showed good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.914, sensitivity = 96.1%, specificity = 77.1%), which was significantly greater than that achieved by other models using panoramic images (AUC = 0.847, sensitivity = 88.2%, specificity = 77.0%) (p = .014).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that panoramic and CBCT image datasets, comprising three types of odontogenic OCLs, are effectively detected and diagnosed based on the deep CNN architecture. In particular, we found that the deep CNN architecture trained with CBCT images achieved higher diagnostic performance than that trained with panoramic images.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The transferred microbiota from mother to baby constitutes the initial infant gastrointestinal microbiota and has an important influence on the development and health of infants in human. However, ...the reproductive tract microbiota of avian species and its inheritance have rarely been studied. We aimed to characterize the microbial community in the chicken reproductive tract and determine the origin of the chicken embryo gut microbiota. Microbiota in four different portions of chicken oviduct were determined using 16S rRNA metagenomic approach with the IonTorrent platform. Additionally, we analyzed the mother hen's magnum and cloaca, descendent egg, and embryo gut microbiota. The microbial composition and relative abundance of bacterial genera were stable throughout the entire chicken reproductive tract, without significant differences between the different parts of the oviduct. The chicken reproductive tract showed a relatively high abundance of Lactobacillus species. The number of bacterial species in the chicken reproductive tract significantly increased following sexual maturation. Core genera analysis detected 21 of common genera in the maternal magnum and cloaca, descendent egg shell, egg white, and embryo gut. Some elements of the maternal oviduct microbiota appear to be transferred to the embryo through the egg white and constitute most of the embryo gut bacterial population.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this letter, we investigate cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communication in an uplink cellular network, where D2D users act as relays for cellular users. We derive the outage probability of a ...cellular user and the average achievable rate from a D2D transmitter to a D2D receiver in analytic form. We obtain optimal spectrum and power allocation to maximize the total average achievable rate under the outage probability constraint. The validity of the analysis is verified by computer simulations.
Macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses of organ systems, including the lungs, to particles and pathogens. Cumulative results show that macrophages contribute ...to the development and progression of acute or chronic inflammatory responses through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the activation of transcription factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ARDS related to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)), allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This review summarizes the functions of macrophages and their associated underlying mechanisms in the development of ALI, ARDS, COVID-19-related ARDS, allergic asthma, COPD, and IPF and briefly introduces the acute and chronic experimental animal models. Thus, this review suggests an effective therapeutic approach that focuses on the regulation of macrophage function in the context of inflammatory lung diseases.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
High peak-to-average power ratio of the transmit signal is a major drawback of multicarrier transmission such as OFDM or DMT. This article describes some of the important PAPR reduction techniques ...for multicarrier transmission including amplitude clipping and filtering, coding, partial transmit sequence, selected mapping, interleaving, tone reservation, tone injection, and active constellation extension. Also, we make some remarks on the criteria for PAPR reduction technique selection and briefly address the problem of PAPR reduction in OFDMA and MIMO-OFDM.
This study introduces graphited nanodiamond (G-ND) as an environmentally friendly, easy-to-regenerate, and cost-effective alternative catalyst to activate persulfate (i.e., peroxymonosulfate (PMS) ...and peroxydisulfate (PDS)) and oxidize organic compounds in water. The G-ND was found to be superior for persulfate activation to other benchmark carbon materials such as graphite, graphene, fullerene, and carbon nanotubes. The G-ND/persulfate showed selective reactivity toward phenolic compounds and some pharmaceuticals, and the degradation kinetics were not inhibited by the presence of oxidant scavengers and natural organic matter. These results indicate that radical intermediates such as sulfate radical anion and hydroxyl radical are not majorly responsible for this persulfate-driven oxidation of organic compounds. The findings from linear sweep voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses suggest that the both persulfate and phenol effectively bind to G-ND surface and are likely to form charge transfer complex, in which G-ND plays a critical role in mediating facile electron transfer from phenol to persulfate.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM