Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), a widely used biomaterial for bone regeneration, contains synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), the ratio of which can be adjusted to ...modulate the rate of degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic benefits of reconstructing peri-implant bone defects with a newly developed BCP consisting of 60% β-TCP and 40% HA compared to demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM).
This prospective, multicenter, parallel, single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted at the periodontology departments of 3 different dental hospitals. Changes in clinical (defect width and height) and radiographic (augmented horizontal bone thickness) parameters were measured between implant surgery with guided bone regeneration (GBR) and re-entry surgery. Postoperative discomfort (severity and duration of pain and swelling) and early soft-tissue wound healing (dehiscence and inflammation) were also assessed. Data were compared between the BCP (test) and DBBM (control) groups using the independent
-test and the χ² test.
Of the 53 cases included, 27 were in the test group and 26 were in the control group. After a healing period of 18 weeks, the full and mean resolution of buccal dehiscence defects were 59.3% (n=16) and 71.3% in the test group and 42.3% (n=11) and 57.9% in the control group, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the change in mean horizontal bone augmentation (test group: -0.50±0.66 mm vs. control groups: -0.66±0.83 mm,
=0.133), postoperative discomfort, or early wound healing. No adverse or fatal complications occurred in either group.
The GBR procedure with the newly developed BCP showed favorable clinical, radiographic, postoperative discomfort-related, and early wound healing outcomes for peri-implant dehiscence defects that were similar to those for DBBM.
Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0006428.
Electron beam melted Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy has undesirable creep resistance due to a near-gamma structure that is not proper for creep. We aimed to control the microstructure of EBM-built ...Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb using two-step heat treatment to improve the high-temperature (750 °C) creep resistance while also maintaining room-temperature ductility. As a result of two-step heat treatment, heat-treated EBM-built Ti–48Al-2r-2Nb alloy has a nearly lamellar microstructure with a thin lamellar structure and fine equiaxed gamma grains. High-temperature creep resistance was significantly improved after two-step heat treatment by inducing a thin lamellar structure. Room temperature ductility was also maintained even while containing a lamellar structure.
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•Two-step heat-treated EBM-built Ti4822 shows nearly lamellar microstructure with equiaxed gamma and thin lamellar structure.•Room temperature ductility was maintained even though the Vickers hardness increased significantly from 252.8 HV to 402.5 HV•High temperature creep resistance is successfully improved after two-step heat treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease, which is the world's most common form of dementia. It is important to identify early and easily ...available interventions to delay the progression of MCI to Alzheimer's disease. Acupuncture has been reported to improve the clinical outcomes of MCI treatment. Acupuncture is a complex intervention, involving both specific and non-specific factors associated with therapeutic benefits. Therefore, we intend to obtain basic data for developing an optimal acupuncture treatment for MCI by comparing the effects of different acupuncture treatment methods on cognitive function in MCI patients.
This study will be a prospective, outcome-assessor-blinded, parallel-arm, single-center (DongShin University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, Republic of Korea), randomized controlled clinical trial. Thirty-two participants with MCI will be randomized in equal numbers to four groups (basic acupuncture (BA), acupoint specificity (AS), needle duration (ND), or electroacupuncture (EA)) and receive acupuncture treatment once per day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. The BA and ND groups will receive acupuncture treatment for 30 and 20 min, respectively, at Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Fengchi (GB20), and Shenting (GV24). The EA group will receive electroacupuncture treatment at the same acupoints for 30 min. The AS group will receive acupuncture treatment at GV20, EX-HN1, GB20, GV24, and Taixi (KI3) for 30 min. The outcome measured will be scores on the Korean version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, the Korean Activities of Daily Living scale, the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, and the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level scale. All scores will be recorded before intervention, 8 weeks after the first intervention, and 12 weeks after completing the intervention.
Four acupuncture protocols will be assessed and compared as potential MCI treatments. This study is expected to provide data to be used in developing an optimal acupuncture method for MCI treatment.
Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0003430 . Registered on 16 January 2019. http://cris.nih.go.kr ).
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of a tonsil‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (TMSC)‐transplanted polycaprolactone/beta‐tricalcium phosphate prosthesis (specifically designed for ...easier fixing and grafting with a single scaffold) on rabbit mandible osteogenesis.
Methods
The mandibles of 18 rabbits were exposed, and 10 × 8‐mm bone defects were made. Two rabbits did not receive implants; four were reconstructed with the scaffold control (SC) (SC group); four were reconstructed with scaffolds soaked in peripheral blood (PB) (PB group); four were reconstructed with TMSC‐transplanted scaffolds (TMSC group); and four were reconstructed with differentiated osteocyte‐transplanted scaffolds (DOC) (DOC group). Each rabbit was sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery, and the area of new bone formation was investigated by mechanical testing, histology, and micro‐computed tomography.
Results
More extended and denser new bone masses were observed in the TMSC and DOC groups, although fibrosis and vascular formation levels were similar in all groups, suggesting that the dual‐structured scaffold alone provides a good environment for bone attachment and regeneration. The bone volumes of representative scaffolds from the SC, PB, TMSC, and DOC groups were 43.12, 48.35, 53.10, and 57.44% of the total volumes, respectively.
Conclusion
The design of the scaffold resulted in effective osteogenesis, and TMSCs showed osteogenic potency, indicating that their combination could enable effective bone regeneration.
Level of Evidence
NA Laryngoscope, 130:358–366, 2020
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy performance of dental professionals in the classification of different types of dental implant systems (DISs) using panoramic ...radiographic images with and without the assistance of a deep learning (DL) algorithm.PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy performance of dental professionals in the classification of different types of dental implant systems (DISs) using panoramic radiographic images with and without the assistance of a deep learning (DL) algorithm.Using a self-reported questionnaire, the classification accuracy of dental professionals (including 5 board-certified periodontists, 8 periodontology residents, and 31 dentists not specialized in implantology working at 3 dental hospitals) with and without the assistance of an automated DL algorithm were determined and compared. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, confusion matrix, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and area under the ROC curves were calculated to evaluate the classification performance of the DL algorithm and dental professionals.METHODSUsing a self-reported questionnaire, the classification accuracy of dental professionals (including 5 board-certified periodontists, 8 periodontology residents, and 31 dentists not specialized in implantology working at 3 dental hospitals) with and without the assistance of an automated DL algorithm were determined and compared. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, confusion matrix, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and area under the ROC curves were calculated to evaluate the classification performance of the DL algorithm and dental professionals.Using the DL algorithm led to a statistically significant improvement in the average classification accuracy of DISs (mean accuracy: 78.88%) compared to that without the assistance of the DL algorithm (mean accuracy: 63.13%, P<0.05). In particular, when assisted by the DL algorithm, board-certified periodontists (mean accuracy: 88.56%) showed higher average accuracy than did the DL algorithm, and dentists not specialized in implantology (mean accuracy: 77.83%) showed the largest improvement, reaching an average accuracy similar to that of the algorithm (mean accuracy: 80.56%).RESULTSUsing the DL algorithm led to a statistically significant improvement in the average classification accuracy of DISs (mean accuracy: 78.88%) compared to that without the assistance of the DL algorithm (mean accuracy: 63.13%, P<0.05). In particular, when assisted by the DL algorithm, board-certified periodontists (mean accuracy: 88.56%) showed higher average accuracy than did the DL algorithm, and dentists not specialized in implantology (mean accuracy: 77.83%) showed the largest improvement, reaching an average accuracy similar to that of the algorithm (mean accuracy: 80.56%).The automated DL algorithm classified DISs with accuracy and performance comparable to those of board-certified periodontists, and it may be useful for dental professionals for the classification of various types of DISs encountered in clinical practice.CONCLUSIONSThe automated DL algorithm classified DISs with accuracy and performance comparable to those of board-certified periodontists, and it may be useful for dental professionals for the classification of various types of DISs encountered in clinical practice.
The recent advance of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers as biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) provides more insight into pathophysiology, preclinical diagnosis, and further therapeutic ...strategies. However, synergistic processes or interactions between amyloid and tau deposits are still poorly understood. To better understand their relationship in focal brain changes with clinical phenotypes, we focused on region-specific or atypical AD characterized by focal clinical presentations: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lpvPPA). We compared three different PET images with 18F–THK–5351 (tau), 18F–Florbetaben (amyloid beta, Aβ), and 18F–Fluorodeoxyglucose (glucose metabolism) to investigate potential interactions among pathologies and clinical findings. Whereas the amyloid accumulations were widespread throughout the neocortex, tau retentions and glucose hypometabolism showed focal changes corresponding to the clinical features. The distinctly localized patterns were more prominent in tau PET imaging. These findings suggest that tau pathology correlates more closely to the clinical symptoms and the neurodegenerative processes than Aβ pathology in AD.
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We established a cold-adapted infectious bronchitis virus (BP-caKII) by passaging a field virus through specific pathogen-free embryonated eggs 20 times at 32 °C. We characterized its growth kinetics ...and pathogenicity in embryonated eggs, and its tropism and persistence in different tissues from chickens; then, we evaluated pathogenicity by using a new premature reproductive tract pathogenicity model. Furthermore, we determined the complete genomic sequence of BP-caKII to understand the genetic changes related to cold adaptation. According to our results, BP-caKII clustered with the KII genotype viruses K2 and KM91, and showed less pathogenicity than K2, a live attenuated vaccine strain. BP-caKII showed delayed viremia, resulting in its delayed dissemination to the kidneys and cecal tonsils compared to K2 and KM91, the latter of which is a pathogenic field strain. A comparative genomics study revealed similar nucleotide sequences between BP-caKII, K2 and KM91 but clearly showed different mutations among them. BP-caKII shared several mutations with K2 (nsp13, 14, 15 and 16) following embryo adaptation but acquired multiple additional mutations in nonstructural proteins (nsp3, 4 and 12), spike proteins and nucleocapsid proteins following cold adaptation. Thus, the establishment of BP-caKII and the identified mutations in this study may provide insight into the genetic background of embryo and cold adaptations, and the attenuation of coronaviruses.
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Predicting dopamine agonist resistance in patients with macroprolactinoma is essential for clinicians to prevent treatment failure and subsequent complications such as medication-induced ...cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. We evaluated the features of patients with cabergoline resistance and CSF rhinorrhea in patients with prolactinomas with prolactin levels ≥1000 ng/mL. A total of 140 patients who were newly diagnosed with prolactinoma secreting only prolactin ≥1000 ng/mL and treated with cabergoline for the first time were included in this study. Based on the hormonal and radiologic response of the prolactinoma, the patients were divided into responders and non-responders. Non-responders (36/140, 25.8%) included a higher number of patients receiving hormone replacement than responders (responders, n (%) = 12(11.5) vs. non-responders = 13(36.1), p = 0.001). In propensity score matching analysis, patients who developed CSF rhinorrhea presented more frequent hormone deficiency than responders regardless of initial cabergoline dose. Hormone deficiency was associated with a greater odds ratio for the risk of non-responders (adjusted odds ratio = 5.13, 95% CI 1.96–13.46, p = 0.001). Cabergoline was effective in bioactive macroprolactinoma. Furthermore, initial cabergoline dose was not significantly associated with long-term responsiveness and development of CSF rhinorrhea but the hypopituitarism was independently associated with an increased risk of cabergoline resistance and CSF rhinorrhea.
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A pn-tandem dye-sensitised solar cell (pn-DSSC) employing a set of sensitisers with complementary absorption spectra and a less-corrosive cobalt-based electrolyte is presented. We applied three ...organic sensitisers (denoted C343, DCBZ, and SQ) featuring different absorption wavelengths for the p-DSSC, while keeping the n-DSSC sensitiser (denoted DCA10CN2) constant. Characterisation of the Co
-based DSSC devices revealed that SQ dye, with a longer absorption wavelength, showed broader spectra and increased photocurrent activity in the visible and near-infrared region compared to the other two devices with C343 and DCBZ in the pn-DSSCs. As a result, the short-circuit current density increased significantly to 4.00 mA cm
, and the devices displayed overall power conversion efficiencies of as high as 1.41%, which is comparable to that of the best pn-DSSCs in the literature. Our results demonstrate that complementary absorption between the two photoelectrodes is important for enhancing the photovoltaic performance of pn-DSSCs.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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