•Globalized approach towards heavy oil emulsions from colloid science to industry.•Prevalence of bitumen emulsions; their shared mechanism and antithetical roles.•Complexity of heavy oil emulsions ...lies in oversimplification of heavy oil types.•“Intelligent” chemical application as a solution to the heavy oil emulsion paradox.
Heavy oil, commonly defined by high density, viscosity, and heavy components distinguishing it from light oil, has a peculiar nature with respect to emulsification. In this article, we delve into the colloid and interface aspects of heavy oil emulsions and their types (heavy oil-in-water emulsion and water in-heavy oil emulsion) along with their industrial applications and occurrences. We observe the paradoxical roles heavy oil emulsions play at different stages of heavy oil production such as upstream, midstream, downstream (and other related areas). First, indigenous surface-active agents in the heavy oil are discussed along with the upstream efforts to generate chemically stable in-situ oil-in-water emulsion in the reservoir to improve displacement efficiency of heavy oil. Functions of naturally formed heavy oil emulsions encountered at the different stages of thermal recovery applications are also presented. This is followed by the review of mid-stream demulsification and emulsification efforts during the oil processing and production periods. The paper is then finalized with the discussion on the final demulsification attempts in the downstream sector defined by the refining process and wastewater management—along with other relevant areas of oil spill and aquifer remediation. With this comprehensive overview of the roles that heavy oil emulsions play in the heavy oil industry, we hope to interconnect the separate, detached views of heavy oil emulsions existing in distinct heavy oil industry sectors and provide a globalized, big-picture view for enhanced understanding of heavy oil emulsions and their applications. The results from this investigation demonstrate that a comparative approach towards heavy oil emulsions is necessary to bolster a more optimal and dynamic manipulation of functions and properties of heavy oil emulsion throughout the industry.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this paper, we study the distribution of the cokernel of a general random Hermitian matrix over the ring of integers
O
\mathcal {O}
of a quadratic extension
K
K
of
Q
p
\mathbb {Q}_p
. For each ...positive integer
n
n
, let
X
n
X_n
be a random
n
×
n
n \times n
Hermitian matrix over
O
\mathcal {O}
whose upper triangular entries are independent and their reductions are not too concentrated on certain values. We show that the distribution of the cokernel of
X
n
X_n
always converges to the same distribution which does not depend on the choices of
X
n
X_n
as
n
→
∞
n \rightarrow \infty
and provide an explicit formula for the limiting distribution. This answers Open Problem 3.16 from the ICM 2022 lecture note of Wood
Probability theory for random groups arising in number theory
, 2022 in the case of the ring of integers of a quadratic extension of
Q
p
\mathbb {Q}_p
.
•A biflavonoid, amentoflavone was characterized based on the NMR analysis.•Amentoflavone demonstrated significant antioxidant potential.•Amentoflavone compromised membrane permeability of foodborne ...pathogens.•Studies of SEM and TEM confirmed a mechanistic role of amentoflavone.•Amentoflavone displayed microbial food safety in meat and apple juice.
A biflavonoid, amentoflavone isolated from Nandina domestica and characterized by NMR spectral-data analyses was assessed for its antioxidant, and antibacterial potential in vitro and in food-model systems. Amentoflavone exhibited potent antioxidant ability (19.21–75.52%) on scavenging DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Fluorescent images confirmed bacterial membrane depolarization of both the tested pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with a significant reduction in cell viabilities at their respective MIC of 62.5 and 125 µg/mL. Increasing rates of membrane permeability observed in 260 nm-absorbing material, potassium ion, extracellular ATP, and relative electrical conductivity assays confirmed antibacterial mechanistic role of amentoflavone as also evidenced by microscopic studies of SEM and TEM. There was a marked inhibitory effect of amentoflavone with a significant reduction in cell counts of S. aureus and E. coli in minced chicken and apple juice at 4 °C, thus suggesting its nutritional enhancing efficacy as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this paper, we study the joint distribution of the cokernels of random
-adic matrices.
Let
be a prime and let
be monic polynomials whose reductions modulo
in
are distinct and irreducible.
We ...determine the limit of the joint distribution of the cokernels
for a random
matrix
over
with respect to the Haar measure as
.
By applying the linearization of a random matrix model, we also provide a conjecture which generalizes this result.
Finally, we provide a sufficient condition that the cokernels
and
become independent as
, where
is a fixed
matrix over
for each
and
is a random
matrix over
In this paper we count the number N3tor(X) of 3-dimensional algebraic tori over Q whose Artin conductor is bounded above by X. We prove that N3tor(X)≪εX1+log2+εloglogX, and this upper bound can be ...improved to N3tor(X)≪X(logX)4loglogX under the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for p=3. We also prove that for 67 out of 72 conjugacy classes of finite nontrivial subgroups of GL3(Z), Malle's conjecture for tori over Q holds up to a bounded power of logX under the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for p=3 and Malle's conjecture for quartic A4-fields.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
In this paper, we prove that the number $B(p,g)$ of isomorphism classes of abelian varieties over a prime field $\mathbb{F}_p$ of dimension $g$ has a lower bound $p^{\frac{1}{2}g^2(1+o(1))}$ ...as $g \rightarrow \infty$. This is the 1st nontrivial result on the lower bound of $B(p,g)$. We also improve the upper bound $2^{34g^2}p^{\frac{69}{4} g^2 (1+o(1))}$ of $B(p,g)$ given by Lipnowski and Tsimerman
7 to $p^{\frac{45}{4} g^2(1+o(1))}$.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Heavy-oil is and will be an essential part of energy supply. The most common and practical way of producing any type of heavy-oil is steam injection; although this technique is both effectively and ...efficiently applied worldwide, there are many environmental and ecological concerns limiting the application. One of the most critical drawbacks of this proven method is the generation of greenhouse gases (GHG), which happens when the process obtains the remarkable amounts of steam needed. The focus of this paper is to discuss the eco-friendly methodologies to minimize GHG emissions (oil or natural gas consumption to generate steam) while sustaining the recovery at a comparable level of the currently available conventional in-situ heavy-oil and bitumen recovery techniques. New generation in-situ techniques for heavy oil recovery including chemically assisted waterflooding or gas injection (non-thermal), steam-based applications with additives (nano-based smart materials, surface-active agents, solvents), along with non-steam (solvent and electromagnetic heating) are outlined and a comparative analysis in terms of efficiency improvement while mitigating GHG emission is provided in this review paper. Comprehensive chemical lists for their potential use in each type of application are also provided. It is shown that a reduction of 20%–100% energy (oil or natural gas consumption) can be expected using the new generation in-situ recovery techniques for heavy-oil.
•A variety of eco-friendly and pragmatic in-situ recovery methods to replace steam injection.•Minimization of GHG emissions while maintaining a comparable level of production.•Suggested methods include non-thermal, steam with additives, and non-steam methods.•A reduction of about 25–100% of energy (directly caused by the fuel use) can be predicted.•Recommendations for oil field chemicals used to further optimize the production potential.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this study, the authors investigated the anti-melanogenic effects of 3,8-dihydroxyquinoline (jineol) isolated from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, the mechanisms responsible for its inhibition ...of melanogenesis in melan-a cells, and its antioxidant efficacy. Mushroom tyrosinase activities and melanin contents were determined in melan-a cells, and the protein and mRNA levels of MITF, tyrosinase, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2 were assessed. Jineol exhibited significant, concentration-dependent antioxidant effects as determined by DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays. Jineol significantly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity by functioning as an uncompetitive inhibitor, and markedly inhibited melanin production and intracellular tyrosinase activity in melan-a cells. In addition, jineol abolished the expressions of tyrosinase, TYRP-1, TYRP-2, and MITF, thereby blocking melanin production and interfering with the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 and p38 prevented melanogenesis inhibition by jineol, and the proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) prevented jineol-induced reductions in cellular tyrosinase levels. Taken together, jineol was found to stimulate MAP-kinase (ERK1/2 and p38) phosphorylation and the proteolytic degradation pathway, which led to the degradations of MITF and tyrosinase, and to suppress the productions of melanin.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the number
s
q
(
g
)
of isogeny classes of simple abelian varieties of dimension
g
over a finite field
F
q
. We prove that the logarithmic ...asymptotic of
s
q
(
g
)
is the same as the logarithmic asymptotic of the number
m
q
(
g
)
of isogeny classes of all abelian varieties of dimension
g
over
F
q
. We also prove that
lim sup
g
→
∞
s
q
(
g
)
m
q
(
g
)
=
1
.
This suggests that there are much more simple isogeny classes of abelian varieties over
F
q
of dimension
g
than non-simple ones for sufficiently large
g
, which can be understood as the opposite situation to a main result of Lipnowski and Tsimerman (Duke Math. 167:3403–3453, 2018).
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
PDF
