This article introduces a 192-Gb 896-GB/s 12-high stacked third-generation high-bandwidth memory (HBM3 DRAM) with low power consumption and high-reliability traits. New design schemes and features, ...including internal low-voltage signaling, center strobe calibration, through-silicon via (TSV) auto-calibration, a symbol-correcting in-DRAM ECC, and machine-learning-based layout optimization, allow large amounts of data transfers among the vertically stacked base and core dies with limited delay mismatch or SI degradation, as well as reduced power consumption from low-voltage swings. Experimental results confirm 896-GB/s bandwidth operations at 1.0-V voltage conditions with up to 15% improved power efficiency.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of hippotherapy exercise on the thickness of deep abdominal muscles and daily activities of children with intellectual disabilities. ...Subjects and Methods Seven children with intellectual disabilities were treated with hippotherapy for 30 minutes twice a week for 6 weeks. The thickness of deep abdominal muscles and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) of the subjects were measured by ultrasonography before and after the experiment. Results There was no significant change in the thickness of the External Oblique and Internal Oblique muscles, but there was a statistically significant change in Transverse Adbominis thickness and FIM score after treatment compared to before treatment. Conclusion Hippotherapy exercise has a positive effect on the improvement of Transverse Abdominis (TrA) and activity of daily livings of children with intellectual disabilities.
Purpose This study was to compare the shoulder and trunk muscle activity according to the various resistance condition during knee push-up-plus. Subjects and Methods Twenty healthy adults ...participated in this study (9 males and 11 females). The subjects performed dominant-leg-extended knee push-up-plus apply to resistance in the direction of abduction, adduction, extension and the flexion. The surface Electromyography activities of the upper trapezius, serratus anterior, homolateral external oblique and the heterolateral internal oblique were measured. The Electromyography activities of each muscle were compared using a one-way repeated analysis of variance. Results The Electromyography activities of serratus anterior and external oblique muscles between the resistance directions were significantly increased extension. The Electromyography activities of heterolateral internal oblique muscle between the resistance directions were significantly increased adduction. Conclusion To suggest use of the decision exercise tolerance orientation when muscle strengthening exercises for shoulder and trunk according to variation resistance in lower extremity during Push-up-plus.
With the emergence of large-language models (LLM) and generative AI, which require an enormous amount of model parameters, the required memory bandwidth and capacity for high-end systems is on an ...unprecedented increase. To meet this need, we present an extended version of the high-bandwidth memory-3 (HBM3 DRAM), HBM3E, which achieves a 1280GB/s bandwidth with a cube density of 48GB. New design schemes and features, such as all-around power-through-silicon via (TSV), a 6-phase read-data-strobe (RDQS) scheme, a byte-mapping swap scheme, and a voltage-drift compensator for write data strobe (WDQS), are implemented to achieve extended bandwidth and capacity with enhanced reliability. The overall architecture and specifications, such as bump map footprint, the number of channel and I/Os, and the operation voltage, are identical to the latest HBM3 1, 2; therefore, backward compatibility is provided, avoiding system modification.
Urinary tract infection is common in the pediatric population. The most common causative agents are bacteria, among which Escherichia coli is the most frequent uropathogen. Although fungal urinary ...tract infection is rare in the healthy pediatric population, it is relatively common among hospitalized patients. Fungus may be isolated from the urine of immunocompromised patients or that of patients with indwelling catheters. The most common cause of funguria is Candida albicans. Although more than 50% of Candida isolates belong to non-albicans Candida , the prevalence of non-albicans candiduria is increasing. Herein, we report a case of community-acquired candiduria in a 4-month-old immunocompetent male infant who had bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and was administered antibiotic prophylaxis. He was diagnosed with urinary tract infection caused by Candida lusitaniae and was managed with fluconazole.
Abstract. Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of hippotherapy exercise on the thickness of deep abdominal muscles and daily activities of children with intellectual ...disabilities. Subjects and Methods Seven children with intellectual disabilities were treated with hippotherapy for 30 minutes twice a week for 6 weeks. The thickness of deep abdominal muscles and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) of the subjects were measured by ultrasonography before and after the experiment. Results There was no significant change in the thickness of the External Oblique and Internal Oblique muscles, but there was a statistically significant change in Transverse Adbominis thickness and FIM score after treatment compared to before treatment. Conclusion Hippotherapy exercise has a positive effect on the improvement of Transverse Abdominis (TrA) and activity of daily livings of children with intellectual disabilities.
The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the immediate effect of in-terventions based on the frequency of whole-body vibration on children with cerebral palsy’s balance and walking abilities. A ...total of 12 were selected as subjects. All subjects measured 10-m walking test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and measured sway length (SL) and limit of stability (LOS) by bio-rescue. And those were performed again after the frequencies of the 12, 18, and 26 Hz were applied respectively. To check the immediate effect, all subjects performed only one frequency of in-terventions per day and no other treatment was performed in parallel to control the foreign variables. After intervention, 10MWT were signifi-cantly increased in the 12 and 18 Hz groups (P<0.05). TUG test and LOS were significantly increased in the 18 Hz group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on TUG, SL, and LOS in the 12 Hz group. There were no significant differences on 10MWT, TUG, SL, and LOS in the 26 Hz group. Looking at the results of this study, the immediate effect of whole-body vibration shows that the frequency of the 18 Hz group is the most effective interventions in promoting walking and balancing abili-ties in children with cerebral palsy than frequencies of the 12 and 26 Hz groups.
Ever since the introduction of high bandwidth memory (HBM DRAM) and its succeeding line-ups, HBM DRAM has been heralded as a prominent solution to tackle the memory wall problem. However, despite ...continual memory advancements the advent of high-end systems, including supercomputers, hyper-scale data centers and machine learning accelerators, are expediting requirements for higher-performance memory solutions. To accommodate the increasing system-level demands, we introduce HBM3 DRAM, which employs multiple new features and design schemes. Techniques such as an on-die ECC engine, internal NN-DFE I/O signaling, TSV auto-calibration, and layout optimization based on machine-learning algorithms are implemented to efficiently control timing skew margins and SI degradation trade-offs. Furthermore, reduced voltage swings allow for improved memory bandwidth, density, power efficiency and reliability.
With the recent increasing interest in big data and artificial intelligence, there is an emerging demand for high-performance memory system with large density and high data-bandwidth. However, ...conventional DIMM-type memory has difficulty achieving more than 50GB/s due to its limited pin count and signal integrity issues. High-bandwidth memory (HBM) DRAM, with TSV technology and wide IOs, is a prominent solution to this problem, but it still has many limitations: including power consumption and reliability. This paper presents a power-efficient structure of TSVs with reliability and a cost-effective HBM DRAM core architecture.
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