pv.
(
) is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes bacterial pustule disease in soybean. To acclimate to new environments, the expression of genes in bacteria is controlled directly or indirectly by ...diverse transcriptional factors. Among them, LysR type transcriptional regulators are well-characterized and abundant in bacteria. In a previous study, comparative proteomic analysis revealed that LysR type carbohydrate-related transcriptional regulator in
(LcrX) was more abundant in XVM2, which is a minimal medium, compared with a rich medium. However, the functions of LcrX in
have not been characterized. In this study, we generated an LcrX-overexpressing strain,
(LcrX), and the knockout mutant strain,
(EV), to elucidate the functions of LcrX. Bacterial multiplication of
(LcrX) in soybean was significantly impaired, indicating that LcrX is related to virulence. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that LcrX is mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism/transport and inorganic ion transport/metabolism. Based on the results of proteomics analysis, diverse phenotypic assays were carried out. A gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay demonstrated that LcrX specifically bound to the putative promoter regions of genes encoding putative fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and protease. Through a 96-well plate assay under various conditions, we confirmed that the growth of
(LcrX) was dramatically affected in the presence of various carbon sources, while the growth of
(EV) was only slightly changed. Biofilm formation activity was reduced in
(LcrX) but enhanced in
(EV). The production of siderophores was also decreased in
(LcrX) but not altered in
(EV). In contrast, LcrX was not associated with exopolysaccharide production, protease activity, or bacterial motility. These findings provide new insights into the functions of a carbohydrate-related transcriptional regulator in
.
A photomultiplication (PM)‐type organic photodetector (OPD) that exploits the ionic motion in CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) is demonstrated. The device uses a QD monolayer as a PM‐inducing ...interlayer and a donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer as a photoactive layer. When the device is illuminated, negative ions in the CsPbI3 QD migrate and accumulate near the interface between the QDs and the electrode; these processes induce hole injection from the electrode and yield the PM phenomenon with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) >2000% at a 3 V applied bias. It is confirmed that the ionic motion of the CsPbI3 QDs can induce a shift in the work function of the QD/electrode interface and that the dynamics of ionic motion determines the response speed of the device. The PM OPD showed a large EQE‐bandwidth product >106 Hz with a −3 dB frequency of 125 kHz at 3 V, which is one of the highest response speeds reported for a PM OPD. The PM‐inducing strategy that exploits ionic motion of the interlayer is a potential approach to achieving high‐efficiency PM OPDs.
A photomultiplication‐type organic photodetector that exploits the ion migration in perovskite quantum dot interlayer is demonstrated. Under illumination, negative ions in the quantum dot migrate and accumulate near the quantum dot/electrode interface inducing photomultiplication which results in large external quantum efficiency and bandwidth. The relation between the bandwidth and dynamics of the ionic motion is also discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
To compare the diagnostic performance of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging and 11-C methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET) for
in vivo
molecular imaging of protein metabolism ...in post-treatment gliomas.
Materials and methods
This study included 43 patients (12 low and 31 high grade) with post-treatment gliomas who underwent both APT and MET-PET imaging within 3 weeks. APT-weighted voxel values and semi-quantitative tumour-to-normal ratios (TNR) were obtained from tumour portions. The voxel-wise relationships between TNR and APT were assessed. The diagnostic performance for recurrence of high-grade gliomas was calculated, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with maximum (
TNR
max
and
APT
max
) and 90% histogram values (TNR90 and APT90).
Results
A moderate positive correlation between TNR and APT was found in low-grade recurrences (
r
= 0.47,
p
< 0.001), but not in high-grade ones (
r
= −0.24,
p
< 0.001). For distinguishing recurrence in post-treatment high-grade gliomas,
APT
max
(AUC, 0.88) and APT90 (AUC, 0.78–0.83) had a similar to better diagnostic performance than
TNR
max
(AUC, 0.71,
p
= 0.08) or TNR90 (AUC, 0.53–0.59,
p
= 0.01–0.05).
Conclusions
In post-treatment high-grade gliomas, APT provides different regional information to MET-PET and provides higher diagnostic performance. This difference needs to be considered when using APT or MET-PET as a surrogate marker for tumour protein metabolism.
Key Points
• APT and TNR values in low-grade recurrence showed a moderate voxel-wise correlation.
• APT and TNR demonstrated regional differences in post-treatment high-grade gliomas.
• APT90 showed better diagnostic performance than TNR90 in high-grade recurrence.
Stress granule formation is induced by numerous environmental stressors, including sodium arsenite treatment and viral infection. Accordingly, stress granules can inhibit viral propagation and ...function as part of the antiviral host response to numerous viral infections. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antagonizes stress granule formation, in part, via interaction between SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein and Ras-GTPase-activating SH3-domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1). However, it is unclear whether there are differential effects in different cell types. In this study, we assessed interaction between the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 S clade and G3BP1/2 in Vero and Calu-3 cells and investigated the effect of various SARS-CoV-2 strains on sodium arsenite-induced stress granule formation. Our data show that SARS-CoV-2 S clade N protein interacts with both G3BP1 and G3BP2 more strongly in Calu-3
vs
. Vero cells. Consistent with this observation, infection with SARS-CoV-2 S clade induces stress granule formation in Vero but not in Calu-3 cells. However, infection with SARS-CoV-2 S clade, as well as other SARS-CoV-2 variants, inhibits sodium arsenite-induced stress granule formation in both cell lines. Taken together, our results show differential effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on stress granule formation that is dependent on host cell type, rather than virus strain type.
Purpose
Tau accumulation is a core pathologic change in various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau. Recently, tau positron emission ...tomography tracers such as
18
F AV-1451 and
18
F THK5351 have been developed to detect tau deposition in vivo. In the present study, we performed a head to head comparison of these two tracers in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia cases and aimed to investigate which tracers are better suited to image tau in these disorders.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a hospital-based sample at a tertiary referral center. We recruited eight participants (two Alzheimer’s disease, four frontotemporal dementia and two normal controls) who underwent magnetic resonance image, amyloid positron emission tomography with
18
F-Florbetaben and tau positron emission tomography with both THK5351 and AV-1451. To measure regional AV1451 and THK5351 uptakes, we used the standardized uptake value ratios by dividing mean activity in target volume of interest by mean activity in the cerebellar hemispheric gray matter.
Results
Although THK5351 and AV-1451 uptakes were highly correlated, cortical uptake of AV-1451 was more striking in Alzheimer’s disease, while cortical uptake of THK5351 was more prominent in frontotemporal dementia. THK5351 showed higher off-target binding than AV-1451 in the white matter, midbrain, thalamus, and basal ganglia.
Conclusions
AV-1451 is more sensitive and specific to Alzheimer’s disease type tau and shows lower off-target binding, while THK5351 may mirror non-specific neurodegeneration.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
We demonstrate photoredox dual catalysis using fluorescein derivatives and apply it to polymerization-based signal amplification (PBA) under the irradiation of visible light. The mechanism of the ...photoredox dual catalysis is elucidated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV–Vis spectroscopies. We applied the photoredox dual catalysis to amplify and readout the signal of Hg(II) ions with the unaided eye through photoinitiated free-radical polymerization. Although PBA offers a reliable and rapid colorimetric method for analyte detection, its sensitivity remains a challenge compared with fluorescence detection. To address this issue, we designed a dual system involving activatable fluoresceins that selectively react to external stimuli, followed by their action as photoredox catalysts/initiators. As a proof-of-concept, we employed fluorescin (rFL) and eosin hydrazide (EYHZ) as light- and Hg(II) ion-responsive probes, respectively. This dual system selectively initiated the polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) in the presence of Hg(II) ions under visible light. Remarkably, this photoredox dual catalysis approach allowed the unaided eye to detect of Hg(II) ions as low as 90 nM in aqueous solution, demonstrating its potential for sensitive and versatile sensing applications.
•The photooxidation and photoinitiation of fluorescin were investigated via UV–Vis and EPR spectroscopies.•The amplified signal of Hg(II) ions by the dual photoredox system was detected by the unaided eye down to 90 nM.•The dual photoredox catalytic system improved the sensitivity of polymerization-based signal amplification.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of highly substituted indolines with α-keto acids via C-H bond activation is described. This protocol provides efficient access to C7-carbonylated ...indoles known to have diverse biological profiles.
Surgical sutures are widely used for closing wounds in skin. However, the monitoring of wound integrity and promoting tissue regeneration at the same time still remains a challenge. To address this, ...we developed a drug-releasing electronic suture system (DRESS) to monitor the suture integrity in real-time and enhance tissue regeneration by triggered drug release. DRESS was fabricated by using a single fiber with a core-shell structure consisting of a stretchable conductive fiber core and a thermoresponsive polymer shell containing drugs. The highly conductive fiber core acts as a strain sensor that enables continuous monitoring of suture strain with high sensitivity (a gauge factor of ∼686) and mechanical durability (being able to endure more than 3000 stretching cycles). The thermoresponsive shell layer composed of flexible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) grafted onto poly(
N
-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) facilitates on-demand drug release
via
Joule heating. The results of an
in vitro
scratch assay showed a 66% decrease in wound area upon heat-activation after 48 hours demonstrating the stimuli-responsive therapeutic efficacy of DRESS by promoting cell migration. Moreover,
ex vivo
testing on porcine skin demonstrated the applicability of DRESS as a electronic suture. The approach used for DRESS provides insight into multifunctional sutures and offers additional therapeutic and diagnostic options for clinical applications.
A schematic of the drug release electronic suture system (DRESS) with a conductive fiber strain sensor core and a thermoresponsive polymer shell containing drugs.
Defect-free T-joints of Al–Mg–Si plates were successively welded using a friction stir welding (FSW) process. Multi-scale microstructure analysis was performed to investigate the metallography of FSW ...T-joints and comprehend the clustering behavior of base metals (BM) and stir zones (SZ). The mechanical properties of T-joints were evaluated during post–weld heat treatment (PWHT) using tensile tests.
BM with a 47.3 μm average grain size was transformed into approximately 2.6 μm fine equiaxed grains in the SZ. Simultaneously, dissolution of clusters and/or precipitates in the SZ was related to the decrement of the mechanical properties of the joints. Softening was confirmed in the SZ due to the peak-heat by friction stirring of the FSW tool. Thinning of the plate on the advancing side (AS), which was affected by the shoulder zone of the FSW tool, acts as a weak spot for crack initiation. There was a cup and cone fracture on heat affected zones (HAZ) of the plate in the AS.
Nanocluster formation was quantitatively analyzed during PWHT using a three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP). Small nanoclusters with approximately 0.6 nm were dominantly formed in the SZ than the BM. Nanoclusters with higher Mg/(Mg + Si) were predominantly generated in the BM. The number densities of the clusters in the BM and SZ were 15.10 × 1023 m−3 and 38.60 × 1023 m−3, respectively. This study confirmed that FSW facilitates better the formation of refined nanoclusters and precipitates in the SZ with smaller size and higher number density compared to BM.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Long‐standing or repeated skin barrier damage followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) is the initial step of the atopic march that eventually progresses to respiratory allergies. Maintenance of an acidic ...pH in the stratum corneum (SC) is an important factor for normal skin barrier function. We performed this study to determine whether an oxazolone (Ox)‐induced AD murine model can develop airway inflammation by topical application and nasal inhalation of a house dust mite, Dermatofagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), which is a novel ‘atopic march animal model’, and whether an acidic SC environment, made by repeated application of acidic cream, can interrupt this atopic march. During repeated treatment with Ox and Dp to make an atopic march murine model, acidic cream (pH 2.8) and neutral cream (pH 7.4) adjusted by citric acid and sodium hydroxide mixed with vehicle were applied twice daily. Repeated treatment with Ox and Dp to hairless mice induced AD‐like skin lesions followed by respiratory allergy, defining it as an atopic march model. Acidic cream inhibited the occurrence of respiratory allergic inflammation as well as AD‐like skin lesions. These results indicate that a novel atopic march animal model can be developed by repeated topical and nasal treatments with house dust mite on Ox‐induced AD mice and that the acidification of SC could be a novel intervention method to block the atopic march.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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