During the Trump Administration, disturbing images of immigration officials forcibly separating parents from their children at the U.S.–Mexico border have rightly invited an onslaught of criticism. ...Voices across the political spectrum have called these actions immoral and insisted that this is not who we are. The underlying moral imperative of this critique is correct, but this Essay argues that it rests on a mischaracterization of our immigration system. In fact, the principle of “family separation” pervasively defines our entire immigration system. The law governing admissions, enforcement, adjustment of status, and remittances routinely leaves noncitizens waiting, marooned, left out, and helpless in their efforts to remain or reunite with their family members. In other words, a legal system predicated on principles of family separation captures precisely who we are. To make this argument, I borrow insights developed by scholars in the humanities and social sciences who have developed the theory of “slow death” or “slow violence.” Unlike acts of “spectacular violence” (a label for which border apprehensions and forcible separations certainly qualify) the process of slow death happens over time, offering no signs of impending ruination, a reality that frustrates the ability to generate momentum for change. Reframing the experience of migrants in terms of slow death can help recontextualize immigrant suffering in terms of family separation thereby drawing the public’s attention to the need for systemic, and not just episodic, change.
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ILUMIEN I is the largest prospective, non-randomized, observational study of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedural practice in patients undergoing intra-procedural pre- and post-PCI ...fractional flow reserve (FFR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). We report on the impact of OCT on physician decision-making and the association with post-PCI FFR values and early clinical events.
Optical coherence tomography and documentary FFR were performed pre- and post-PCI in 418 patients (with 467 stenoses) with stable or unstable angina or NSTEMI. Based on pre-PCI OCT, the procedure was altered in 55% of patients (57% of all stenoses) by selecting different stent lengths (shorter in 25%, longer in 43%). After clinically satisfactory stent implantation using angiographic guidance, post-PCI FFR and OCT were repeated. Optical coherence tomography abnormalities deemed unsatisfactory by the implanting physician were identified: 14.5% malapposition, 7.6% under-expansion, 2.7% edge dissection and prompted further stent optimization based on OCT in 25% of patients (27% of all stenoses) using additional in-stent post-dilatation (81%, 101/124) or placement of 20 new stents (12%). Optimization subgroups were identified post hoc: stent placement without reaction to OCT findings (n = 137), change in PCI planning by pre-PCI OCT (n = 165), post-PCI optimization based on post-PCI OCT (n = 41), change in PCI planning, and post-PCI optimization based on OCT (n = 65). Post-PCI FFR values were significantly different (P = 0.003) between optimization groups (lower in cases with pre- and post-PCI reaction to OCT) but no longer different after post-PCI stent optimization. MACE events at 30 days were low: death 0.25%, MI 7.7%, repeat PCI 1.7%, and stent thrombosis 0.25%.
Physician decision-making was affected by OCT imaging prior to PCI in 57% and post-PCI in 27% of all cases. CLINICALTRIALS.
NCT01663896, Observational Study of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Patients Undergoing Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (ILUMIEN I).
Conspectus Metal nanoparticles have been utilized for a vast amount of plasmon enhanced spectroscopies and energy conversion devices. Their unique optical properties allow them to be used across the ...UV–vis-NIR spectrum tuned by their size, shape, and material. In addition to utility in enhanced spectroscopy and energy/charge transfer, the plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles is sensitive to its surrounding environment in several ways. The local refractive index determines the resonance wavelength, but plasmon damping, as indicated by the homogeneous line width, also depends on the surface properties of the metal nanoparticles. Plasmon oscillations can decay through interband, intraband, radiation, and surface damping. While the first three damping mechanisms can be modeled based on bulk dielectric data using electromagnetic simulations, surface damping does not depend on the material properties of the nanoparticle alone but rather on the interface composition between the nanoparticle and its surrounding environment. In this Account, we will discuss three different metal nanoparticle interfaces, identifying the surface damping contribution from chemical interface damping and how it manifests itself in different interface types. On the way to uncovering the various damping contributions, we use three different single-particle spectroscopic techniques that are essential to measuring homogeneous plasmon line widths: darkfield scattering, photothermal heterodyne imaging, and photoluminescence microscopies. Obtaining the homogeneous plasmon spectrum through single-particle spectroscopy is paramount to measuring changes in plasmon damping, where even minor size and shape heterogeneities can completely obfuscate the broadening caused by surface damping. Using darkfield scattering spectroscopy, we first describe a model for chemical interface damping by expanding upon the surface damping contribution to the plasmon resonance line width to include additional influences due to adsorbed molecules. Based on the understanding of chemical interface damping as a surface damping mechanism, we then carefully compare how two molecular isomers lead to greatly different damping rates upon adsorption to gold nanorods due to differences in the formation of image dipoles within the metal nanoparticles. This plasmon damping dependence on the chemical identity of the interface is strongly correlated with the chemical’s electronegativity. A similar damping trend is observed for metal oxide semiconductors, where the metal oxide with greater electron affinity leads to larger interface damping. However, in this case, the mechanism is different for the metal oxide interfaces, as damping occurs through charge transfer into interfacial states. Finally, the damping effect of catalytic metal nanoislands on gold nanorods is compared for the three spectroscopic methods mentioned. Through correlated single-particle scattering, absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, the mechanism for metal–metal interface damping is determined most likely to arise from an enhanced absorption, although charge transfer cannot be ruled out. From this body of research, we conclude that chemical interface damping is a major component of the total damping rate of the plasmon resonance and critically depends on the chemical interface of the metallic nanoparticles. Plasmon damping occurs through distinct mechanisms that are important to differentiate when considering the purpose of the plasmonic nanoparticle: enhanced spectroscopy, energy conversion, or catalysis. It must also be noted that many of the mechanisms are currently indifferentiable, and thus, new single-particle spectroscopic methods are needed to further characterize the mechanisms underlying chemical interface damping.
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•Anti-biofouling and anti-inorganic fouling benefit is shown with rice leaf inspired surfaces.•Optimization and mechanisms for microstructured antifouling surfaces is ...discussed.•Methodology for scaled up production of antifouling surfaces is presented.
Material scientists often look to biology for new engineering solutions to materials science problems. For example, unique surface characteristics of rice leaves and butterfly wings combine the shark skin (antifouling) and lotus leaf (self-cleaning) effects, producing the so-called rice and butterfly wing effect. In this paper, we study antifouling properties of four microstructured surfaces inspired by rice leaves and fabricated with photolithography and hot embossing techniques. Anti-biofouling effectiveness is determined with bioassays using Escherichia coli whilst inorganic fouling with simulated dirt particles. Antifouling data are presented to understand the role of surface geometrical features resistance to fouling. Conceptual modeling provides design guidance when developing novel antifouling surfaces for applications in the medical, marine, and industrial fields.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Highlights • LXRs are sterol-responsive transcription factors that protect against atherosclerosis. • Activation of LXRs improves reverse cholesterol transport and reduces inflammation. • This review ...includes newly discovered atheroprotective gene targets of LXRs.
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Purpose - In the last two decades, a proliferation of business process management (BPM) modeling languages, standards and software systems has given rise to much confusion and obstacles to adoption. ...Since new BPM languages and notation terminologies were not well defined, duplicate features are common. This paper seeks to make sense of the myriad BPM standards, organising them in a classification framework, and to identify key industry trends.Design methodology approach - An extensive literature review is conducted and relevant BPM notations, languages and standards are referenced against the proposed BPM Standards Classification Framework, which lists each standard's distinct features, strengths and weaknesses.Findings - The paper is unaware of any classification of BPM languages. An attempt is made to classify BPM languages, standards and notations into four main groups: execution, interchange, graphical, and diagnosis standards. At the present time, there is a lack of established diagnosis standards. It is hoped that such a classification facilitates the meaningful adoption of BPM languages, standards and notations.Practical implications - The paper differentiates BPM standards, thereby resolving common misconceptions; establishes the need for diagnosis standards; identifies the strengths and limitations of current standards; and highlights current knowledge gaps and future trends. Researchers and practitioners may wish to position their work around this review.Originality value - Currently, to the best of one's knowledge, such an overview and such an analysis of BPM standards have not so far been undertaken.
Migrants in the United States experience varying degrees of harm related to family separation. This article focuses on the economic dimensions of these harms by focusing on transnational remittances, ...a topic that has generated significant scholarly attention. Within this story, remitters are pitched as heroes and remittances are held up as a critical, market-based solution for solving global poverty. Of course, this picture is incomplete. This account ignores remittance-sending countries and provides only a narrow account of law. This Article focuses on anti-money laundering policies, an important set of U.S. laws that regulate the remittance economy. Examining remittances from this perspective shows that anti-money laundering and antimigration policies form a joint project that regulates the relationship between migrants and their family members. While antimigration laws inhibit migrant mobility, anti-money laundering laws create uneven opportunities for transferring wage earnings to family members left behind on their journey. Recognizing the connection between these areas of the law leads to the Article's broader contribution: identifying different ways that the law exacerbates or mitigates the economic harms related to family separation. Specifically, anti-money laundering policies help structure the conditions in which migrants engage in expression of affinity across borders, thereby showing the intertwined nature of economic and physical harms within transnational families.
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8.
FUS-Net: U-Net-Based FUS Interference Filtering Lee, Stephen A.; Konofagou, Elisa E.
IEEE transactions on medical imaging,
2022-April, 2022-04-00, 2022-4-00, 20220401, Volume:
41, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Open access
Imaging applications tailored towards ultrasound-based treatment, such as high intensity focused ultrasound (FUS), where higher power ultrasound generates a radiation force for ultrasound elasticity ...imaging or therapeutics/theranostics, are affected by interference from FUS. The artifact becomes more pronounced with intensity and power. To overcome this limitation, we propose FUS-net, a method that incorporates a CNN-based U-net autoencoder trained end-to-end on 'clean' and 'corrupted' RF data in Tensorflow 2.3 for FUS artifact removal. The network learns the representation of RF data and FUS artifacts in latent space so that the output of corrupted RF input is clean RF data. We find that FUS-net perform 15% better than stacked autoencoders (SAE) on evaluated test datasets. B-mode images beamformed from FUS-net RF shows superior speckle quality and better contrast-to-noise (CNR) than both notch-filtered and adaptive least means squares filtered RF data. Furthermore, FUS-net filtered images had lower errors and higher similarity to clean images collected from unseen scans at all pressure levels. Lastly, FUS-net RF can be used with existing cross-correlation speckle-tracking algorithms to generate displacement maps. FUS-net currently outperforms conventional filtering and SAEs for removing high pressure FUS interference from RF data, and hence may be applicable to all FUS-based imaging and therapeutic methods.
A digital twin is a digital representation of a physical entity that is updated in real-time by transfer of data between physical and digital (virtual) entities. In this manuscript we aim to ...introduce a digital twin framework for robotic drilling. Initially, a generic reference model is proposed to highlight elements of the digital twin relevant to robotic drilling. Then, a precise reference digital twin architecture model is developed, based on available standards and technologies. Finally, real-time visualisation of drilling process parameters is demonstrated as an initial step towards implementing a digital twin of a robotic drilling process.
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Despite the ubiquity of gossip in the workplace, the management literature offers a limited understanding of its consequences for gossip senders. To understand whether gossiping is beneficial or ...detrimental for the gossip sender, it is necessary to consider the perspective of gossip recipients and their response to gossip. We develop a typology of gossip that characterizes archetypal patterns of interpreting gossip. We then draw from attribution theory to develop a multilevel process model of workplace gossip that focuses on how the gossip recipient's attributions of a gossip episode shape the gossip recipient's subsequent response and behaviors. In addition to the valence and work-relatedness dimensions of gossip that comprise the typology, we examine credibility and the status of the gossip target as fundamental features of the gossip episode that jointly affect the gossip recipient's attributions. At the episodic level, the process of deciphering the gossip sender's motives influences the subsequent reciprocation of gossip. Depending on the locus of causality attributed to the gossip episode, gossip also contributes to the perceived trustworthiness of the gossip sender and the gossip recipient's cooperation with or social undermining of the gossip sender over time. The proposed model suggests that the potential benefits or social consequences of gossip for the gossip sender depend on the characteristics of the gossip and the context of the gossip episode that serve as inputs to the gossip recipient's attributional process.
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