Oral monitoring plays an essential role in preventing and diagnosing systemic diseases through saliva in the mouth. Dietary monitoring is also crucial to reduce the likelihood of chronic diseases ...such as hypertension and diabetes by analyzing food types, amounts and diet patterns. Therefore, the oral cavity and dietary monitoring are vital for accurate personalized healthcare management that can improve healthcare. To perform continuous oral cavity and dietary monitoring in real-time, a wearable sensing system capable of continuous analysis is necessary. In this review, we classify chemical and physical biosensing methods and summarize recent progress in wearable sensor development for oral cavity and dietary monitoring for personalized healthcare and digital medicine. We also discuss future perspectives and the potential of wearable sensors to provide robust data for food-intake monitoring and the saliva analysis of super-aged/aging societies, non-face-to-face social life, and global pandemic disease issues. We believe that this review will result in a paradigm shift toward personalized healthcare and digital medicine using wearable sensors through the analysis of massively parallel healthcare data.
Recent advances in wearable sensors for dietary monitoring and saliva analysis are presented to discuss super-aged/aging societies, non-face-to-face social life, and global pandemic disease issues toward personalized healthcare and digital medicine.
Electroporation for nanomedicine: a review Kim, Kisoo; Lee, Won Gu
Journal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine,
04/2017, Volume:
5, Issue:
15
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Nanoparticles have shown great promise in the development of efficient drug delivery systems, early diagnosis, and high-resolution imaging of hard-to-find diseases, such as early-stage malignant ...cancer and very rare circulating tumor cells, for pharmaceutical and medical applications. Recently, nanoparticles have been used as intracellular carriers of nano-drugs into targeted cells to release a slowly diffusing drug in the vicinity of the target disease. Several methods such as chemical reagent-based uptake, mechanical bombardment, direct injection, and electroporation have been developed to deliver nanoparticles into cells in a controlled manner. Unlike other methods, electroporation has continued to have great success with respect to the uptake efficiency, post-viability of cells, and high-throughput yield rate for numerous cell applications in association with nanoparticles. In this review, we present recent advances in the delivery of nanoparticles as intracellular carriers by electroporation (NICE) and highlight the salient features of NICE delivery at a multiscale level. We furthermore discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of NICE delivery for clinical applications.
Here, we present a review of recent advances in electroporation for the delivery of nanomedicine as intracellular carriers by electroporation (NICE) in a drug format with functional nanoparticles.
Recent advances in the lab-on-a-chip field in association with nano microfluidics have been made for new applications and functionalities to the fields of molecular biology, genetic analysis and ...proteomics, enabling the expansion of the cell biology field. Specifically, microfluidics has provided promising tools for enhancing cell biological research, since it has the ability to precisely control the cellular environment, to easily mimic heterogeneous cellular environment by multiplexing, and to analyze sub-cellular information by high-contents screening assays at the single-cell level. Various cell manipulation techniques in microfluidics have been developed in accordance with specific objectives and applications. In this review, we examine the latest achievements of cell manipulation techniques in microfluidics by categorizing externally applied forces for manipulation: (i) optical, (ii) magnetic, (iii) electrical, (iv) mechanical and (v) other manipulations. We furthermore focus on history where the manipulation techniques originate and also discuss future perspectives with key examples where available.
Objectives
To investigate the value of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI as a predictor of clinical outcomes in cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
...Method
Enrolled 92 patients with stage IB2–IVB cervical cancer who received CCRT underwent 3-T BOLD MRI before treatment. The R2* value (rate of spin dephasing, s
−1
) was measured in the tumor. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of imaging and clinical parameters with progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Inter-reader reliability for the R2* measurements was evaluated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results
Tumor R2* values were significantly different between patients with and without disease progression (
p
< 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor R2* value was significantly independent factor for PFS (hazard ratio HR = 5.746,
p
< 0.001) and CSS (HR = 12.878,
p
= 0.001). Additionally, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (HR = 1.027,
p
= 0.001) was significantly independent factor for PFS. Inter-reader reliability for the R2* measurements was good (ICC = 0.702).
Conclusion
Pretreatment 3-T BOLD MRI may be useful for predicting clinical outcomes in uterine cervical cancer patients treated with CCRT, with good inter-reader reliability.
Key Points
•
Tumor R2* values are different between patients with and without disease progression.
• The R2* value is an independent factor for treatment outcomes in cervical cancer.
• Inter-reader reliability for R2* measurements using BOLD MRI is good.
Most multi-phase pumps used in crude oil production have been developed to satisfy certain pressure specifications. In the design of these pumps, the flow characteristics of the posterior stage are ...different from those of the prior stage. For this reason, the design of the second stage needs to be supplemented. To optimize performance in this stage, multi-objective optimization to simultaneously increase pressure and efficiency is reported in this article. Flow analyses of the single and multiple phases of the multi-phase pump were conducted by solving three-dimensional steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. For the numerical optimization, two design variables related to the blade inlet angle were selected. The impeller and the diffuser blades were optimized using a systematic optimization technique combined with a central composite method and a hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm coupled with a surrogate model. The selected optimal model yielded better hydrodynamic performance than the base model, and reasons for this are investigated through internal flow field analysis.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, acts as a cancer treatment by interfering with the function of DNA. Herein, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was for the first time ...developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of doxorubicin and its major metabolites doxorubicinol, doxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone, and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone in mouse plasma. The liquid-liquid extraction of a 10 μL mouse plasma sample with chloroform:methanol (4:1,
/
) and use of the selected reaction monitoring mode led to less matrix effect and better sensitivity. The lower limits of quantification levels were 0.5 ng/mL for doxorubicin, 0.1 ng/mL for doxorubicinol, and 0.01 ng/mL for doxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone, and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone. The standard curves were linear over the range of 0.5-200 ng/mL for doxorubicin; 0.1-200 ng/mL for doxorubicinol; and 0.01-50 ng/mL for doxorubicinone, doxorubicinolone, and 7-deoxydoxorubicinone in mouse plasma. The intra and inter-day relative standard deviation and relative errors for doxorubicin and its four metabolites at four quality control concentrations were 0.9-13.6% and -13.0% to 14.9%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of doxorubicin and its metabolites after intravenous administration of doxorubicin at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg to female BALB/c nude mice.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
APINACA (known as AKB48,
-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide), an indazole carboxamide synthetic cannabinoid, has been used worldwide as a new psychoactive substance. Drug abusers take ...various drugs concomitantly, and therefore, it is necessary to characterize the potential of APINACA-induced drug-drug interactions due to the modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. In this study, the inhibitory effects of APINACA on eight major human cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and six uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in human liver microsomes, as well as on the transport activities of six solute carrier transporters and two efflux transporters in transporter-overexpressed cells, were investigated. APINACA exhibited time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated midazolam 1'-hydroxylation (
, 4.5 µM;
, 0.04686 min
) and noncompetitive inhibition of UGT1A9-mediated mycophenolic acid glucuronidation (
, 5.9 µM). APINACA did not significantly inhibit the CYPs 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8/9/19, or 2D6 or the UGTs 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, or 2B7 at concentrations up to 100 µM. APINACA did not significantly inhibit the transport activities of organic anion transporter (OAT)1, OAT3, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1, OATP1B3, organic cation transporter (OCT)1, OCT2, P-glycoprotein, or breast cancer resistance protein at concentrations up to 250 μM. These data suggest that APINACA can cause drug interactions in the clinic via the inhibition of CYP3A4 or UGT1A9 activities.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study reviews and evaluates the national drug formulary system used to improve patient access to new drugs by making reimbursement decisions for new drugs as part of the South Korean national ...health insurance system. The national health insurance utilizes three methods for improving patient access to costly drugs: risk-sharing agreements, designation of essential drugs, and a waiver of cost-effectiveness analysis. Patients want reimbursement for new drugs to be processed quickly to improve their access to these drugs, whereas payers are careful about listing them given the associated financial burden and the uncertainty in cost-effectiveness. However, pharmaceutical companies are advocating for drug prices above certain thresholds to maintain global pricing strategies, cover the costs of drug development, and fund future investments into research and development. The South Korean government is expected to develop policies that will improve patient access to drugs with unmet needs for broadening health insurance coverage. Simultaneously, the designing of post-listing management methods is warranted for effectively managing the financial resources of the national health insurance system.
Dietary monitoring is vital in healthcare because knowing food mass and intake (FMI) plays an essential role in revitalizing a person's health and physical condition. In this study, we report the ...development of a highly sensitive ring-type biosensor for the detection of FMI for dietary monitoring. To identify lightweight food on a spoon, we enhance the sensing system's sensitivity with three components: (1) a first-class lever mechanism, (2) a dual pad sensor, and (3) a force focusing structure using a ring surface having protrusions. As a result, we confirmed that, as the food arm's length increases, the force detected at the sensor is amplified by the first-class lever mechanism. Moreover, we obtained 1.88 and 1.71 times amplification using the dual pad sensor and the force focusing structure, respectively. Furthermore, the ring-type biosensor showed significant potential as a diagnostic indicator because the ring sensor signal was linearly proportional to the food mass delivered in a spoon, with
= 0.988, and an average
score of 0.973. Therefore, we believe that this approach is potentially beneficial for developing a dietary monitoring platform to support the prevention of obesity, which causes several adult diseases, and to keep the FMI data collection process automated in a quantitative, network-controlled manner.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•We investigate whether the changes in brain connectivity can predict the response to an AED in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.•Global efficiency and local efficiency in the AED poor responders are ...decreased.•In the AED good responders, none of the network measures are different from those in healthy controls.•The changes in brain connectivity could be a biomarker for predicting the responses to AED in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
We investigated functional connectivity based on EEG using graph theoretical analysis in patients with newly diagnosed juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and whether it could play a role as a biomarker predicting antiepileptic drug (AED) response.
We consecutively enrolled 38 patients with JME and 40 normal controls. The initial EEG was undertaken at the time of diagnosis of JME in a drug-naïve state. The second EEG was done after at least 12 months from the time of the initial EEG. We classified the patients with JME into two groups according to AED response at the time of taking the second EEG. We investigated functional connectivity based on graph theoretical analysis using connectivity measures of the coherence and phase locking value.
In the analysis of functional connectivity using coherence as a connectivity measure, the global efficiency and local efficiency in the AED poor responders (N = 4) decreased, whereas the small-worldness index increased. In the analysis of functional connectivity using phase locking value as a connectivity measure, the global efficiency and local efficiency in the AED poor responders decreased. However, in the AED good responders (N = 34), none of the network measures were different from those in healthy controls.
We newly found that there were significant differences of functional connectivity based on initial EEG according to AED response in the patients with JME. This suggests that brain connectivity could play a role as a new biomarker predicting AED response in patients with JME.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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