It is a common practice to use oils extracted from fruits seeds for soap making. The oils are non-edible to avoid food competition. The objective of the present study was to assess the possibility of ...preparing a soap of acceptable quality from oils extracted from seeds of Avocado and Mango. The ground Avocado and Mango seeds were subjected to Soxhlet extraction technique using n-hexane as an organic solvent. The oil yield of 2.43% and 1.32% were obtained for Avocado seed and Mango seed samples, respectively. The analyses of the physicochemical properties such as saponification value, acid value, percent free fatty acid, and relative density were found to be 25.245 and 84.15, 30.86 and 30.85, 6.26 and 6.26, 0.87 and 0.83, respectively, and the data were in favor of utilization of the oils in soap making. Moreover, the blends of extracted Avocado and Mango seed oils in a 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3 ratios (by mass) revealed Saponification values of 151.47, 162.69, 214.62, respectively; total fatty matter contents of 59±1.41, 63 ± 1.41, 67±1.41, respectively; total alkali contents of 1.44 ± 0.03, 1.715 ± 0.08, 1.77 ± 0.13, respectively. The pH values of soaps prepared from the two oils and their blends were found to be in the range of 9.6-10.15. The data are comparable to commercial soaps and also suggest that the prepared soaps from the extracted oils can be used for cleaning purpose without any harm on human skin.
Climate predictions using recent and high-resolution climate models are becoming important for effective decision-making and for designing appropriate climate change adaptation and mitigation ...strategies. Due to highly variable climate and data scarcity of the upper Blue Nile Basin, previous studies did not detect specific unified trends. This study discusses, the past and future climate projections under CMIP6-SSPs scenarios for the basin. For the models’ validation and selection, reanalysis data were used after comparing with area-averaged ground observational data. Quantile mapping systematic bias correction and Mann–Kendall trend test were applied to evaluate the trends of selected CMIP6 models during the 21st century. Results revealed that, ERA5 for temperature and GPCC for precipitation have best agreement with the basin observational data, MRI-ESM2-0 for temperature and BCC-CSM-2MR for precipitation were selected based on their highest performance. The MRI-ESM2-0 mean annual maximum temperature for the near (long)-term period shows an increase of 1.1 (1.5) °C, 1.3 (2.2) °C, 1.2 (2.8) °C, and 1.5 (3.8) °C under the four SSPs. On the other hand, the BCC-CSM-2MR precipitation projections show slightly (statistically insignificant) increasing trend for the near (long)-term periods by 5.9 (6.1)%, 12.8 (13.7)%, 9.5 (9.1)%, and 17.1(17.7)% under four SSPs scenarios.
The objective of this study was to extract oils from seeds and seed shells of Trichilia dregeana growing in Ethiopia. The oils were extracted using Soxhlet extraction technique and an organic solvent ...(n-hexane). The yields of the oils were in the range of 39.64-55.4%. The physicochemical properties of the oils such as density, acid value, saponification value and peroxide values were 0.8 ± 0.004 -0.84±0.014g/mL, 0.039±0.004 -5.667 mg KOH/g, 75.82±0.0 - 102.01±0.0 mg KOH/g and 0.01±0.01-0.0182±0.0, respectively. The results showed that all the observed physicochemical data of the oil products to be consistent with literature reported data for oils from seed crops and seeds of Trichilia species. GC-MS analyses also showed that all the oils contain palmitic acid (14-69%). Oleic acid and Linoleic acids were also found in different amounts. Elaidic acid was found (86%) only in one seed shell extract. Soaps were prepared using the extracted oils and alkali solution via saponification process. The properties of the soaps were found to be 9.10-9.81, 8-25.5% and 0.373-0.682 for pH, moisture contents and total alkali contents, respectively. These data and the data for foam and cleaning abilities of the prepared soaps were found to be in the acceptable limit. The results also suggested that Trichilia dregeana seeds and seed shells are rich in oils. High yields of oils from seeds and seed shells suggest their future potential in soap making and also as inputs for biofuel production. This could have significant contribution to economy of a given community where the plant grows in abundance.
Placenta accreta spectrum is an obstetrics complication in which the placenta has abnormally adhered to the decidua and uterine wall. Placenta percreta is the rarest and sternest variant of accreta ...syndrome. In this study, we present a case of placenta percreta where we have done ultrasound-guided trans fundal vertical uterine incision to deliver a healthy fetus and subsequent cesarean hysterectomy. Antepartum diagnosis, involvement of a multidisciplinary team, appropriate counseling of women and their families, ultrasound guidance for placental margin demarcation, and vertical transfundal uterine incision can be considered for patients with placenta percreta.
Antiretroviral therapy has resulted in significant reductions in HIV-associated complications by recovering the CD4+ T cell count. Some patients may not be successful in attaining this result, and ...some may achieve it only after many years of treatment.
This study aimed to assess CD4+ T cell recovery and non-response patterns among HAART experienced HIV-positive patients at the Arsi Negelle health center.
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted among HAART experienced HIV/AIDS patients at Arsi Negelle Health Center from January 01, 2014 to January 06, 2019. Data were documented to a data retrieval form and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of CD4 count change. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
The total median of CD4+ T cells increased from 257 cells/uL at the baseline to 382 cells/uL after 6 months, then to 591 cells/uL after 60 months of treatment. The non-response rate was 22.1% and 23.8% among the total study participants and children of less than 15 years, respectively. Only baseline CD4+ T cell was associated with a change in CD4+ T cell count.
From our study, we can conclude that CD4+ T cell count has recovered in most of the study participants after HAART initiation. The immunological non-response rate of study participants was 22.1% after 12 months on HAART and 7.2% at the end of the study.
Land is a fundamental asset for social, political and economic sustainability, which provides ecosystem services, generate livelihood and accumulate wealth for the rural communities in developing ...countries like Ethiopia. Land degradation is one of the major environmental challenges in Ethiopia. In fact, public intervention in land management has conducted in the country in the last few decades to halt the problem but not successful due to socioeconomic, demographic, institutional, and other related factors. Among others, property rights to land may be one of the major factors that affect farmers’ decision to invest in land management. Recognizing the significant role of land rights for land management is not new to the literature. However, there are few empirical in-depth case studies regarding its effect in reforestation intervention in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study, therefore, examines determinants of farmers’ decisions to invest in reforestation interventions through focusing on land tenure and property rights. The study found out that land security is one of the most significant factors that affect farmers’ decision to practice reforestation intervention.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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