Changing LED performance characteristics, depending on Indium atoms concentration and at different temperatures were simulated. It was suggested that a heterostructure having p-n junction area S0 can ...be considered as a sum of “SmallLEDs (SLEDs)” electrically connected in parallel. Good correlation in simulation and experimental results has been obtained. It was determined that the best AlGaInP heterostructure contains 5 wide QW (width 10 nm each) in active region. The main thing is that in central ones there is maximum radiation and at the both ends of active region are “barriers” which help to concentrate electrons/holes in active region and additionally “protect” QW from different defects.
Using computer programs Elmer FEM Solver for calculating electric fields and Geant4 for the passage simulation of particles through matter, calculations of charge collection efficiency for nuclear ...radiation matrix detector based on GaAs p-i-n diodes with different distances between pixels 110 microns and 50 microns were made. Based on data obtained detector structure optimization solution, which improves energy resolution, is proposed.
Operation principle and possible applications of a novel type of silicon cell integrated circuit (IC) device - injection-coupled device (ICD) - are addressed, including design-for-reliability (DfR) ...aspects. Examples of possible ICD electrical and physical designs are examined in detail. These are based on the existing CMOS and use bipolar technologies. It is shown that ICDs are, to an extent, similar to the charge-coupled devices (CCDs): they are also formed by a chain of cells and are therefore, like CCDs, devices of a serial operating principle type. The significant difference is, however, that, unlike CCDs, ICDs use asynchronous flow of the information charge along the cell chain. This circumstance enables one to achieve an extraordinarily low power consumption compared to the conventional cell ICs. This is because the power consumption of an ICD as a whole is not different of that of a single cell in its IC matrix. It is shown that in the case of an ICD designed as a double spiral coil the likelihood of failure decreases with an increase in the number of coils. E.g., the reliability of a 1 megacell matrix is expected to be by three orders of magnitude higher than the reliability of a single cell device. These advantages make ICDs highly attractive for a number of important applications, such as, e.g., radiation detectors or magnetic and thermal field detectors. This is particularly true for various aerospace applications, when failure-free operational performance is a must.
Th e experience of modern local armed confl icts and the monitoring of terrorist activity in the world indicate the possibility of the aff ection of people by organophosphorus compounds (OPs) in ...combat and as a result of industrial accidents and terrorist acts. It can be predicted that in case of timely use of PPE by the personnel, in addition to lethal and severe aff ections, up to 30 ± 5% of them will be mild forms of intoxication. It is shown in the article, that the actoprotectors with diff erent mechanism of action (hypoxene, octodrine and meldonium) increase the endurance of experimental animals with mild poisoning of OPs in case of single oral administration. Moreover, the degree of inhibition of peripheral blood acetylcholinesterase of all animals treated with model OPs did not diff er between groups and ranged from 8 to 24%. As a result of the experiments on animals, the preparations were distributed in the following order: meldonium <octodrine <hypoxene. Joint oral administration of the test substances was not accompanied by a potentiation of the actoprotective eff ect. It is established, that the combined use of the studied actoprotectors is comparable with the isolated administration of meldonium, has no advantages over the use of octodrine and surpasses hypoxene in rate of onset of the eff ect, but is inferior to it in severity and duration. Th ese facts indicate the viability of use of the studied actoprotectors to prevent a decrease in combat readiness in case of the threat of the aff ection by OPs (hypoxene), for its urgent increase in case of mild aff ection (octodrine) and for the complex treatment of poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs) (meldonium, hypoxene)
Our paper examines one of the key aspects of the organizational economics – the factors of economic success and sustainability of the pharmaceutical small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. ...Indian pharmaceutical industry is known for its high fragmentation and weak generic based R&D initiatives. The study uses inflation adjusted cross section data for 20 SMEs in the year 2013-2014 and applies OLS regression model with robust standard errors. It has found that exports, R&D expenditure, and previous year profits have exercised positive impact on SMEs' growth. The negative, yet statistically significant influence of advertising and marketing expenditure highlights the need to rethink about strategic management policies of SMEs. Our results suggest that SMEs are required to pay more attention towards the global market expansion and value creation through R&D investment, as a part of their long-term growth and survival strategy.
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