Pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with skeletal muscle myopathy and atrophy and impaired exercise tolerance. Aerobic exercise training has been recommended as a non-pharmacological ...therapy for deleterious effects imposed by pulmonary arterial hypertension. Aerobic physical training induces skeletal muscle adaptations
reduced inflammation, improved anabolic processes, decreased hypoxia and regulation of mitochondrial function. These benefits improve physical exertion tolerance and quality of life in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of aerobic exercise to skeletal muscle disfunctions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension are not well understood yet. This minireview highlights the pathways involved in skeletal muscle adaptations to aerobic exercise training in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Under the adverse remodeling of the right ventricle and interventricular septum in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) the left ventricle (LV) dynamics is impaired. Despite the benefits of combined ...aerobic and resistance physical trainings to individuals with PAH, its impact on the LV is not fully understood.
To test whether moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of PAH induced by MCT in rats is beneficial to the LV's structure and function.
Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Sedentary Hypertensive Survival (SHS, n = 7); and Exercise Hypertensive Survival (EHS, n = 7) to test survival. To investigate the effects of combined physical training, another group of rats were divided into three groups: Sedentary Control (SC, n = 7); Sedentary Hypertensive (SH, n = 7); and Exercise Hypertensive (EH, n = 7). PAH was induced through an intraperitoneal injection of MCT (60 mg/kg). Echocardiographic evaluations were conducted on the 22nd day after MCT administration. Animals in the EHS and EH groups participated in a combined physical training program, alternating aerobic (treadmill running: 50 min, 60% maximum running speed) and resistance (ladder climbing: 15 climbs with 1 min interval, 60% maximum carrying load) exercises, one session/day, 5 days/week for approximately 4 weeks.
The physical training increased survival and tolerance to aerobic (i.e., maximum running speed) and resistance (i.e., maximum carrying load) exertions and prevented reductions in ejection fraction and fractional shortening. In addition, the physical training mitigated oxidative stress (i.e., CAT, SOD and MDA) and inhibited adverse LV remodeling (i.e., Collagen, extracellular matrix, and cell dimensions). Moreover, the physical training preserved the amplitude and velocity of contraction and hindered the reductions in the amplitude and velocity of the intracellular Ca
transient in LV single myocytes.
Moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of MCT-induced PAH in rats protects their LV from damages to its structure and function and hence increases their tolerance to physical exertion and prolongs their survival.
Resumo Fundamento A obesidade está associada ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e constitui um grave problema de saúde pública. Em modelos animais, a alimentação com uma dieta ...hiperlipídica (DH) compromete a estrutura e a função cardíaca e promove estresse oxidativo e apoptose. O treinamento resistido (TR), entretanto, tem sido recomendado como coadjuvante no tratamento de doenças cardiometabólicas, incluindo a obesidade, porque aumenta o gasto energético e estimula a lipólise. Objetivo Na presente revisão sistemática, nosso objetivo foi avaliar os benefícios do TR no coração de ratos e camundongos alimentados com DH. Métodos Foram identificados estudos originais por meio de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Embase de dezembro de 2007 a dezembro de 2022. O presente estudo foi conduzido de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo PRISMA e registrado no PROSPERO (CRD42022369217). O risco de viés e a qualidade metodológica foram avaliados pelo SYRCLE e CAMARADES, respectivamente. Os estudos elegíveis incluíram artigos originais publicados em inglês que avaliaram desfechos cardíacos em roedores submetidos a mais de 4 semanas de TR e controlados por um grupo controle sedentário alimentado com DH (n = 5). Resultados Os resultados mostraram que o TR atenua o estresse oxidativo cardíaco, a inflamação e o estresse do retículo endoplasmático. Também modifica a atividade de marcadores de remodelamento estrutural, apesar de não alterar parâmetros biométricos, parâmetros histomorfométricos ou a função contrátil dos cardiomiócitos. Conclusão Nossos resultados indicam que o TR parcialmente neutraliza o remodelamento cardíaco adverso induzido pela DH, aumentando a atividade dos marcadores de remodelamento estrutural; elevando a biogênese mitocondrial; reduzindo o estresse oxidativo, marcadores inflamatórios e estresse do retículo endoplasmático; e melhorando os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, antropométricos e metabólicos.
Abstract Background Obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and is a serious public health problem. In animal models, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs cardiac structure and function and promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis. Resistance exercise training (RT), however, has been recommended as coadjutant in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, because it increases energy expenditure and stimulates lipolysis. Objective In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the benefits of RT on the heart of rats and mice fed HFD. Methods Original studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases from December 2007 to December 2022. This study was conducted in accordance with the criteria established by PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022369217). The risk of bias and methodological quality was evaluated by SYRCLE and CAMARADES, respectively. Eligible studies included original articles published in English that evaluated cardiac outcomes in rodents submitted to over 4 weeks of RT and controlled by a sedentary, HFD-fed control group (n = 5). Results The results showed that RT mitigates cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. It also modifies the activity of structural remodeling markers, although it does not alter biometric parameters, histomorphometric parameters, or the contractile function of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Our results indicate that RT partially counteracts the HFD-induced adverse cardiac remodeling by increasing the activity of structural remodeling markers; elevating mitochondrial biogenesis; reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; and improving hemodynamic, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters.
INTRODUÇÃO: Hoje em dia a carga horária de trabalho dos professores exige muito de sua qualidade de vida e condição física, para exercer as tarefas do dia a dia em sua docência, podendo gerar ...desgastes à sua saúde. Pois, a mesma envolve aspectos físicos e psicológicos durante a realização sua jornada de trabalho, o qual pode impactar na sua qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Associar o nível de atividade física e a qualidade de vida dos docentes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Ubá-MG. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo análitico de corte transversal, com 56 professores. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 3 escolas da rede pública, com professores de 25 a 55 anos e experiência mínima de 2 anos. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física - Versão Curta (IPAQ) e o Questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life/brief (WHOQOL/breve). RESULTADOS: Os participantes foram compostos por mulheres (91,1%) e homens (8,9%), com idade média de 39,57±8,19 anos. Dos professores avaliados, 76,8% foram classificados como Ativos (Muito Ativo e Ativo) e 23,2% como Inativos (Irregularmente Ativo e Sedentário), sendo que indivíduos considerados ativos (70,52±8,88) tiveram uma melhor qualidade de vida, em comparação aos inativos (61,78±10,95). Além disso, o grupo ativo apresentou qualidade de vida estatisticamente superior nos domínios psicológico e meio ambiente.CONCLUSÃO: Os docentes com maior nível de atividade física apresentam melhor qualidade de vida que os inativos.
The effects of voluntary running on the skeletal muscle of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) were tested in the present study. PAH was induced in rats by a single injection of ...monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg). Rats in the sedentary hypertension (HS) group had their tolerance to physical exertion reduced throughout the experiment, while those in the sedentary control (SC), exercise control (EC), exercise hypertension (EH) and median exercise (EM) groups maintained or increased. Despite that, the muscular citrate synthase activity was not different between groups. The survival time was higher in the EH (32 days) than in the SH (28 days) (
= 0.0032). SH and EH groups showed a lower percentage of muscle fiber and a higher percentage of extracellular matrix compared to control groups (
< 0.0001). However, the EM and EH groups presented higher percentage of muscle fiber and lower percentage of extracellular matrix than SH group (
< 0.0001). Regarding muscular gene expression, the SH and EM groups showed a lower expression of PGC1-α (
= 0.0024) and a higher expression of VEGF (
= 0.0033) compared to SC, while PGC1-α was elevated in the EH. No difference between groups was found for the carbonylated protein levels (
> 0.05), while the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio was augmented in the EH (
= 0.0277). In conclusion, voluntary running augments the proportion of fiber and affects the gene expression of inflammatory and mitochondrial biogenesis' markers in the skeletal muscle of rats with MCT-induced PAH, which benefits their survival and tolerance to physical effort.
Resumo Fundamento A hipertrofia e a dilatação do ventrículo direito observadas na hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP) prejudicam a dinâmica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) achatando o septo ...interventricular. Objetivo Investigar se o treinamento físico resistido (TFR) de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis do VE e de cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por monocrotalina (MCT). Métodos Foram usados ratos Wistar machos (Peso corporal: ~ 200 g). Para avaliar o tempo até o possível surgimento de insuficiência cardíaca (ou seja, ponto de desfecho), os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos, hipertensão com sedentarismo até a insuficiência (HSI, n=6) e hipertensão com treinamento até a insuficiência (HTI, n=6). Para testar os efeitos do TFR, os ratos foram divididos entre grupos de controle sedentários (CS, n=7), hipertensão com sedentarismo (HS, n=7) e hipertensão com treinamento (HT, n=7). A HAP foi induzida por duas injeções de MCT (20 mg/kg, com um intervalo de 7 dias). Os grupos com treinamento foram submetidos a um protocolo de TFR (subir escadas; 55-65% da máxima carga carregada), 5 dias por semana. A significância estatística foi definida em p <0,05. Resultados O TFR prolongou o ponto de desfecho (~25%), melhorou a tolerância ao esforço físico (~55%) e atenuou as disfunções de contratilidade de VE e de cardiomiócitos promovidas pela MCT preservando a fração de ejeção e o encurtamento fracional, a amplitude do encurtamento, e as velocidades de contração e relaxamento nos cardiomiócitos. O TFR também preveniu os aumentos de fibrose e colágeno tipo I no ventrículo esquerdo causados pela MCT, além de manter as dimensões de miócitos e colágeno tipo III reduzidas por MCT. Conclusão O TFR de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis de VE e cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por MCT.
The study aimed to verify the number of falls of men and women during the two rounds of the Supercross BMX Cycling World Cup in the Netherlands and Belgium in 2017, and check which straight have the ...most falls. And, also, to verify if there is difference between the circuits in relation to the number of falls of the athletes in these two competitions. For this, an analysis of the official two-rounds films of the BMX Cycling World Cup Supercross in 2017 was carried out in Papendal (Holland) and Zolder (Belgium) in May 2017. The number of falls of the athletes was analyzed by observing and counting the number of these. A total of 189 male and 45 female athletes participated in the study, and all the two events were analyzed, verifying in which straight the falls occurred. It is possible to conclude the second straight in both straights was the one that presented more number of falls, and the track of Belgium presented more number of falls.
Introducao: Os aumentos constantes da temperatura ambiental tem impacto direto nas atividades do dia a dia, como, por exemplo, na pratica de exercicios fisicos. Objetivo: Avaliar o estresse ...fisiologico imposto pelo ambiente quente em comparacao ao ambiente temperado durante uma sessao de HIIT. Materiais e Metodos: 10 ciclistas amadores do sexo masculino (35,5 + or -7,4 anos, 60,4 + or -4,3 mL.kg.sup.-1.min.sup.-1), realizaram 4 visitas ao laboratorio. 1a visita: caracterizacao da amostra; 2a visita: familiarizacao da amostra ao protocolo; 3a/4a visitas: os voluntarios foram avaliados de forma randomizada em duas condicoes, Controle (T.sub.ambiente: 22,9 + or -0,9degreesC; UR: 70,1 + or -9,9%) e Quente (T.sub.ambiente: 32,2 + or -0,5degreesC; UR: 63,9 + or -4,5%). Sessao de HIIT: Apos um aquecimento de 5min/15W, foi iniciado um protocolo de HIIT com 4 blocos identicos de 1min a 90% P.sub.max e 3min de recuperacao a 50% P.sub.max. Foram avaliadas as temperaturas interna (T.sub.gastrointestinal), corporal (T.sub.corporal) e da pele (T.sub.pele), a frequencia cardiaca (FC), a percepcao subjetiva do esforco (PSE), o conforto termico (CT), a sensacao termica (ST) e o indice de estresse fisiologico (IEF). Os dados foram analisados por meio de ANOVA Two-Way, post hoc de Bonferroni, teste t de Student e correlacao de Pearson. Media, DP (alpha=5%). Etica: 852796618.1.0000.5153. Resultados: Em relacao ao ambiente controle, foram observados maiores valores de T.sub.gastrointestinal, T.sub.corporal, T.sub.pele, FC, PSE, CT, ST, IEF e correlacao positiva entre as variaveis fisiologicas e perceptivas. Conclusao: O estresse fisiologico imposto pelo ambiente quente foi maior durante uma sessao de HIIT. Palavras-chave: Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade. Resposta ao choque termico. Exercicio fisico. Saude. Physiological stress imposed by the hot environment during a HIIT session Introduction: Constant increases in environmental temperature have a direct impact on daily activities, such as, for example, physical exercise. Objective: To evaluate the physiological stress imposed by the hot environment compared to the temperate environment during a HIIT session. Materials and Methods: 10 male amateur cyclists (35.5 + or -7.4 years, 60.4 + or -4.3 mL.kg.sup.-1.min.sup.-1), made 4 visits to the laboratory. 1st visit: sample characterization; 2nd visit: familiarization of the sample with the protocol; 3rd/4th visits: the volunteers were randomly evaluated in two conditions, Control (T.sub.environment: 22.9 + or -0.9degreesC; RH: 70.1 + or -9.9%) and Hot (T.sub.environment: 32.2 + or -0. 5degreesC; RH: 63.9 + or -4.5%). HIIT session: After a 5min/15W warm-up, a HIIT protocol was started with 4 identical blocks of 1min at 90% Pmax and 3min recovery at 50% Pmax. Internal (T.sub.gastrointestinal), body (T.sub.body) and skin (T.sub.skin) temperatures, heart rate (HR), subjective perception of exertion (RPE), thermal comfort (CT), thermal sensation (ST) and the physiological stress index (IEF). Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc, Student's t test and Pearson's correlation. Mean + or - SD (alpha=5%). Ethics: 852796618.1.0000.5153. Results: In relation to the control environment, higher values of T.sub.gastrointestinal, T.sub.body, T.sub.skin, HR, PSE, CT, ST, IEF and a positive correlation between physiological and perceptual variables were observed. Conclusion: The physiological stress imposed by the hot environment was greater during a HIIT session. Key words: High-Intensity Interval Training. Heat-Shock Response. Exercise. Health.
Introducao: Praticar exercicios tem se tornado cada vez mais desafiador devido as constantes ondas de calor. Nesse cenario, o uso de tecnologias, como as vestimentas esportivas, pode auxiliar os ...praticantes a melhorar o desempenho e evitar enfermidades pelo calor, como o choque hipertermico. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do uso de uma camisa com protecao ultravioleta (UV) sobre a termorregulacao o desempenho de corrida em um ambiente quente e com radiacao solar. Materiais e Metodos: Nove homens (28,0+ or -6,8 anos) realizaram duas sessoes de exercicio autorregulado (10km) em ambiente quente com radiacao solar (32degreesC), usando camisas da cor preta sem (SUV) e com (CUV) UV. As principais variaveis analisadas foram as temperaturas interna (T.sub.gastrointestinal), corporal (T.sub.corporal) e da pele (T.sub.pele), a taxa de acumulo de calor (TAC), a taxa de trabalho realizado (TTR), a frequencia cardiaca (FC), a percepcao subjetiva do esforco (PSE), o conforto termico (CT) e a sensacao termica (ST). Resultados: Nao foram observadas diferencas na T.sub.gastrointestinal, na T.sub.pele, na T.sub.corporal, na TAC, na TTR, na FC, na PSE, no CT e na ST entre os grupos SUV e CUV (p>0,05), havendo aumentos em relacao ao repouso a partir de 1km (p<0,05), com excecao do CT e da ST que aumentaram a partir de 3km (p<0,05). Em relacao a TTR, ocorreram reducoes significativas e semelhantes entre as sessoes em relacao ao inicio do exercicio a partir de 4km. Conclusoes: O uso de uma camisa com protecao UV durante o exercicio fisico nao favoreceu a termorregulacao e o desempenho dos corredores. Palavras-chave: Vestimenta. Aquecimento global. Ondas de calor. Hipertermia. Atividade Fisica. Does the use of a UV shirt during physical exercise in the heat improves thermoregulation and physical performance in runners? Introduction: Exercising has become increasingly challenging due to constant heat waves. In this scenario, the use of technologies, such as sportswear, can help practitioners to improve their performance and avoid heat illness, such as heat stroke. Objective: To evaluate the effects of wearing a shirt with ultraviolet (UV) protection on thermoregulation and running performance in a hot environment with solar radiation. Materials and Methods: Nine men (28.0+ or -6.8 years) performed two sessions of self-regulated exercise (10km) within a hot environment with solar radiation (32degreesC), using black shirt without (SUV) or with (CUV) UV. Main variables analyzed were internal temperature (T.sub.gastrointestinal), body temperature (T.sub.body), skin temperature (T.sub.skin), heat storage rate (HSR), work performance rate (WPR), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal comfort (TC), and thermal sensation (TS). Results: There were no differences between SUV and CUV groups in T.sub.gastrointestinal, T.sub.skin, T.sub.body, HSR, WPR, HR, RPE, TC, and TS (p>0.05). However, it was observed an increase in T.sub.gastrointestinal, T.sub.skin, T.sub.body, HSR, WPR, HR, and RPE, after 1km in relation to baseline (p<0.05). Besides, TC and ST increased after 3km in relation to baseline (p<0.05). Regarding WPR, there were significant and similar reductions between sessions in relation to the beginning of the exercise from 4km onwards. Conclusions: The use of a shirt with UV protection during physical exercise did not improve thermoregulation and the performance of runners. Key words: Clothing. Global Warming. Heat Wave. Hyperthermia. Physical Activity.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relacao entre o valor de mercado e o desempenho esportivo das equipes de futebol que participaram da Premier League nos ultimos 5 anos. Amostra foi composta por ...100 clubes de futebol que disputaram a Premier League nas temporadas 18 - 19, 19 - 20, 20 - 21, 21 - 22 e 22 - 23. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no dia 02 de julho de 2023, a partir do site Transfermarkt. Para avaliar a normalidade dos dados, utilizou-se o teste de ShapiroWilk. Para avaliar a diferenca entre o valor de mercado dos clubes nas temporadas analisadas utilizouse o teste Kruskal-Wallis com post hoc Dunn. Para avaliar o valor de mercado entre os clubes que terminaram a competicao nas tres primeiras e tres ultimas posicoes nas temporadas analisadas utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. Foi utilizada a correlacao de Spearman para avaliar a relacao entre o valor de mercado e desempenho esportivo dos clubes. Observou-se que nao houve diferenca entre o valor de mercado nas temporadas analisadas. Entretanto, os clubes que terminaram a competicao nas tres primeiras colocacoes apresentaram um maior valor de mercado em relacao aos que terminaram a competicao nas tres ultimas posicoes. Observou-se tambem correlacoes de moderada a forte entre os valores de mercado dos clubes e a pontuacao final em todas as temporadas analisadas. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que existe relacao entre o valor de mercado e classificacao final dos clubes que disputaram a Premier League nos ultimos 5 anos. Palavras-chave: Futebol. Liga Inglesa de Futebol. Valor de mercado. Desempenho esportivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between market value and sporting performance of football teams that participated in the Premier League in the last 5 years. The sample consisted of 100 football clubs that played in the Premier League in seasons 18 - 19, 19 - 20, 20 - 21, 21 - 22 and 22 - 23. Data collection was carried out on July 2, 2023, at from the Transfermarkt website. To assess data normality, use the ShapiroWilk test. To evaluate the difference between the market value of clubs in subordinated seasons, the Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn was used. To evaluate the market value among the clubs that finished the competition in the first three and last three positions in the seasons, the MannWhitney test was used. Spearman's standalone was used to assess the relationship between market value and sports performance of clubs. Note that there was no difference between market value across seasons. However, the clubs that finished the competition in the top three positions had a higher market value than those that finished the competition in the last three positions. Also note moderate to strong correlations between clubs' market results and final score across all final seasons. The results of the present study appreciated that there is a relationship between the market value and the final classification of the clubs that played in the Premier League in the last 5 years. Key words: Football. English Football League. Market value. Sports performance.
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