Mucosal melanomas are aggressive tumors, rarely observed in the oral cavity. The diagnosis is based on the clinical and microscopical features. Often these tumors had variable amounts of melanin ...pigmentation. However, when melanin is absent, the tumors are denominated amelanotic, presenting a tendency to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic features of a series of oral amelanotic melanomas (OAM). Records of all cases of OAM were retrospectively retrieved from oral pathology services from January 2002 to January 2019. Data regarding the clinical features, morphological aspects, immunohistochemical reactions, treatment, and follow-up status were collected. Eight cases of OAM were included, 6 in men and 2 in women (ratio of 3:1) ranging in age from 33 to 77 years (mean 53.6 years). Clinically, the tumors presented as masses or ulcerated swellings. The most common intraoral locations of the tumors were gingiva and palate. Cervical lymph node metastasis was detected in 3 patients at the first examination. All but one patient died from complications of the tumors after a mean follow-up period of 8.5 months. In conclusion, OAM is a very aggressive malignant tumor, and when melanin is absent, an immunohistochemical panel comprising S100, melan A, HMB45, and SOX10 should be performed.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The field of graffiti and street art studies presents unique challenges for researchers.•Both the practices of graffiti and street art and scholarship related to these practices have become more ...legitimized in recent years.•A significant amount of scholarship on graffiti and street art has been produced.•Additional rigorous scholarship on selected aspects of graffiti and street art is warranted.
Much has changed since the 1960s when the first scholarship on contemporary graffiti appeared. The current paper is an attempt to outline and contextualize a number of recurrent challenges facing researchers of graffiti and street art, as well as developments that have taken place in this scholarly field. The aim of creating this outline is to assist in increasing the amount, and improving the quality, of future scholarship on graffiti and street art. We recognize, however, that although many of the challenges have at one time seemed insurmountable, over time they have lessened as graffiti and street art have grown as art movements, and because a small cadre of tenacious scholars focusing on graffiti and street art has published and taught in this area. An increasing, though limited, number of academic venues focused on graffiti and street art scholarship has slowly emerged. We also recognize that with increased scholarship that has laid the foundation, new avenues to explore graffiti and street art have become apparent.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cowden Syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, often presenting a challenging diagnosis due to its diverse clinical manifestations. Although ...extensively linked to several types of cancer, the precise association between CS and oral malignancies, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), remains poorly understood. This report describes a unique case of late diagnosis of CS in a 53-year-old female patient who later developed SCC in the inferior alveolar ridge, even without exposure to classic risk factors. The need to increase awareness in the medical and dental communities about CS and its manifestations in the oral cavity is highlighted. Early recognition and management of conditions associated with CS have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Encouraging the publication of similar cases is recommended to encourage detailed analyzes and investigations in order to better understand the possible association between the syndrome and the development of malignancies in the oral cavity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an uncommon myeloid neoplasm characterized by clonal neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans-type dendritic cells associated with a reactive inflammatory ...infiltrate composed predominantly of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Only three cases of LCH mimicking periapical lesions have been reported in the English-language literature to date. Herein, we report a rare case of LCH involving the mandible of a 45-years-old woman mimicking microscopically and radiographically a residual cyst. The patient underwent enucleation and curettage of the lesion. Microscopically, the lesion showed fibrous tissue with an intense inflammatory infiltrate and histiocytes with irregular to elongated nuclei with prominent nuclear grooves. The tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein, CD1a, and CD207. After careful evaluation through imaging tests to rule out lesions in other anatomical locations, the diagnosis was solitary LCH of the mandible. After four years of follow-up, the patient remained with no evidence of recurrence. This case emphasizes the importance of a carefully clinical, radiographic, and microscopical evaluation of bone lesions, including periapical or residual cysts, since some neoplasms can mimic common benign lesions of the jaws. Although conservative approaches to treating solitary mandibular bone lesions of LCH can be employed, long-term follow-up is strongly recommended.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Arsenic is a metalloid widely found in the environment in organic and inorganic forms. Exposure to inorganic arsenic forms via drinking water has been associated with an increased incidence of ...negative health effects, including reproductive disorders and dysfunction of the endocrine system. However, the impact of arsenic exposure on female reproductive development is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to arsenic on the initial sexual development and puberty onset, and in the morphology of the female reproductive organs, estrous cycle regularity and fertility parameters during adulthood. To do that, pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed to 10 mg/L sodium arsenite via drinking water from gestational day (GD) 1 until GD 21 and the female offspring was evaluated in different postnatal days. Our results showed that prenatal arsenic exposure induced a decrease of litter weight and morphological masculinization in females at postnatal day 1. Moreover, these females had a delay in the age of puberty onset and alteration in estrous cycle number and length. During adulthood, females from the sodium arsenite group showed an increase in endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium areas, and an imbalance in uterine antioxidant enzyme activity. These animals also presented an increase in post‐implantation loss and reabsorption number, leading to reduced viable fetus number. In conclusion, prenatal arsenic exposure in rats was able to promote female masculinization, alter sexual development and impair reproductive performance.
We evaluated the reproductive effects of prenatal sodium arsenite exposure on female offspring of rats. The treatment promoted reduction of litter weight and morphological masculinization in pups from females at postnatal day 1. Moreover, these females had delayed pubertal onset and alteration in estrous cycle number and length. During adulthood, arsenic‐exposed females showed altered uterus morphometry and antioxidant enzymes activities, and reduced reproductive parameters. In conclusion, prenatal arsenic exposure in rats promoted female masculinization, altered sexual development and impaired reproductive performance.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Arsenic, an environmental contaminant, represents a public health problem worldwide. Studies have shown its association with molecular mechanisms related to cardiomyocytes redox balance. However, the ...microstructure and ultrastructure of cardiac tissue, as well as the activity of its antioxidant defenses front of disturbances in the mineral bioavailability induced by arsenic are still scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate if arsenic exposure might induce structural and ultrastructural damages in cardiac tissue, including pathological remodeling of the parenchyma and stroma. Moreover, its impact on micromineral distribution and antioxidant enzymes activity in heart tissue was also evaluated.
Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups that received 0, 1 and 10 mg/L sodium arsenite in drinking water for eight weeks. The hearts were collected and subjected to structural and ultrastructural analysis, mineral microanalysis and antioxidant enzymes quantification. Functional markers of cardiac damages were evaluated using serum samples.
Arsenic exposure induced dose-dependent structural and ultrastructural remodeling of cardiac tissue, with parenchyma loss, increase of stroma components, collagen deposition, and pathological damages such as inflammation, sarcomere disorganization, mitochondria degeneration and myofilament dissociation. Moreover, this metalloid was bioaccumulated in the tissue affecting its micromineral content, which resulted in antioxidant imbalance and increased levels of oxidative stress and cardiac markers.
Taken together, our findings indicate that the heart is a potential target to arsenic toxicity, and long-term exposure to this metalloid must be avoided, once it might induce several cardiac tissue pathologies.
•Heart is sensitive to arsenic-mediated toxicity.•Arsenic exposure induces dose-dependent remodeling of cardiac tissue.•Arsenic exposure induces stromal expansion in the heart with marked fibrosis.•Cardiac antioxidant enzymes and mineral content are affected by arsenic exposure.•Arsenic exposure promotes ultrastructural damages in cardiomyocytes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Arsenic is a pollutant widely found in the environment due to natural and anthropogenic sources. Exposure to arsenic forms in drinking water has been related with male reproductive dysfunctions in ...humans and experimental animals at adult age. However, the impact of this pollutant on postnatal reproductive development of male offspring exposed in utero to arsenic is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal arsenic exposure on the postnatal development of the testes and epididymides of rats, during prepuberty. For this purpose, pregnant female Wistar rats were provided drinking water containing 0 or 10 mg/L sodium arsenite (AsNaO2) from gestational day 1 (GD 1) until GD 21 and the male offspring was evaluated in different periods of prepuberty. Our results showed that prenatal arsenic exposure affected the initial sexual development of male pups, reducing their body weight and relative anogenital distance at postnatal day 1. At different periods of prepuberty, male pups from arsenic exposed dams showed a reduction of body and reproductive organs weights, testosterone levels and testis morphometric parameters. Moreover, these pups presented changes in the expression of SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GSTK1 genes and in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione s-transferase in the testes and epididymides during prepuberty. Taken together, our results show that prenatal arsenic exposure provoked reproductive disorders in prepubertal male rats, probably due to reproductive reprograming and oxidative stress induced by this pollutant.
•Prenatal arsenic exposure affected rat male reproductive development.•Gestational exposure to arsenic caused reproductive reprogramming in male rats.•Testis and epididymis of prepubertal rats are damaged by prenatal arsenic exposure.•Prenatal arsenic exposure disturbed antioxidant genes and enzymes in male pups.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Oral metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) may resemble benign oral lesions.•Careful morphological analysis, supported by immunohistochemistry, is recommended to avoid ...misdiagnosis.•Metastatic ccRCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraoral clear cell tumors, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma.•The clinician's experience in identifying an oral metastatic lesion can contribute to discovering undiagnosed primary tumors and provide better prognosis and survival rates.
Metastases in the oral cavity are rare and frequently associated with widespread disease and poor prognosis. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), known for its propensity for metastatic spread. The diagnosis of oral metastases from ccRCC is challenging, especially when the patient has no history of primary neoplasm. Herein, we reported a rare metastatic ccRCC in a 58-year-old female presenting clinically as a painless nodule on the tongue mimicking a benign lesion. Microscopically, the tumor showed a proliferation of clear cells organized in nests with a predominantly lobular arrangement. The dense connective tissue stroma was highly vascularized, exhibiting some areas with a hyalinized aspect. Immunohistochemistry showed focal positivity for pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and strong positivity for CK8, CK18, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, and CD10. S-100 protein, HMB-45, CK7, and CK20 were negative. The definitive diagnosis was metastatic ccRCC. The treatment was initiated with sunitinib. However, the disease progressed, and the patient was submitted to palliative care. Despite the low survival rate of patients with metastases, the clinician's experience in identifying an oral metastatic lesion may reveal undiagnosed primary tumors and provide better prognosis and survival rates.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•The fluorescence-guided surgical management of MRONJ improves delineation of the bone margin resection.•The bone autofluroescence is sufficient to allow an accurate judgement between necrotic and ...vital bone without Tetracycline labeling.•The surgeons’ perception of the fluorescence-guided surgery to MRONJ is still unexplored.
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) results in progressive destruction of the jawbones, and advanced cases demand surgical intervention. The total removal of necrotic bone is required to prevent recurrence and infection. However, determining the limits between necrotic and healthy bone is a challenge. The use of fluorescence to detect tissue alterations and determine necrosis extension is a promising method to avoid inadequate bone debridement. In the literature, there are several studies and reported cases that successfully use fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) of MRONJ. The objective of this study was to present a critical review of the literature regarding the intraoperative use of optic fluorescence to differentiate healthy and necrotic bone in MRONJ. Studies that evaluated the intraoperative use of optic fluorescence to determine the surgical margins of MRONJ were searched in Pubmed/Medline and Scopus databases using the following terms: “medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws” and “fluorescence”. Eighteen papers describing the intraoperative use of FGS in ONJ management were selected, totalizing 218 patients. Of those 18 papers, only 5 were prospective studies, and the other 13 were isolated case reports, case series, and technical notes. The use of FGS to delimitate the resection margin of MRONJ is a promising method. There is no need for the application of exogenous fluorophore to perform FGS and the most often used light device was the VELScope® system. Further prospective studies with larger samples are still required to ascertain the fluorescence validity as a supporting method in MRONJ surgical treatment and to establish clinical protocols.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
