This thesis examines the problems posed by Japan???s recent macroeconomic experience for conventional monetary policy theory and practice. Japan???s experience with deflation and the zero lower bound ...for nominal official interest rates is placed in the context of neo-Wicksellian and monetarist interpretations of the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The neo-Wicksellian approach to the zero bound problem is shown to suffer significant limitations in view of Japan???s experience, while a monetarist interpretation of the transmission mechanism is shown to be more robust. The thesis considers the role of the official interest rate and the money base in vector autoregression models of the Japanese economy, finding that the economy became less amenable to effective stabilisation by monetary policy from the early 1990s onwards. A new approach to estimating a neo-Wicksellian monetary policy rule for the Bank of Japan is proposed and the robustness of the parameters of this rule determined. The thesis motivates a role for the money base in the determination of real output and inflation. A policy rule in the growth rate of the nominal money base is estimated and the stability of its parameters with respect to a hypothesised structural break and changes in the governorship of the Bank of Japan is considered. Aggregate demand and supply specifications for the Japanese economy are estimated that show a distinct role for the money base that is independent of the official interest rate. These specifications are extended to develop a model of the Japanese economy. The model is distinctive in incorporating both neo-Wicksellian and monetarist views of the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The macroeconomic stabilisation properties of various interest rate and money base growth rules are compared in the context of the model, using stochastic simulation methods. In particular, a policy rule in the growth rate of the nominal money base with the nominal official interest rate set to zero is simulated and shown to have macroeconomic stabilisation properties that compare favourably to conventional interest rate rules. The thesis concludes that the neglect of money in contemporary monetary policy theory and practice is mistaken in view of Japan???s recent macroeconomic experience.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain ...Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
A sheathed (coaxial) ureteral catheter has been designed for use in fluoroscopically guided retrograde procedures. Once the catheter has been inserted into the ureter the inner section is removed, ...leaving a semiflexible sheath as a conduit for biopsy forceps, curved catheters and other instruments. The sheath facilitates ureteral stenting, forceps biopsy of the renal pelvis and brush biopsy of all calices. The sheath also helps in percutaneous stone extraction by allowing retrograde passage and removal of balloon catheters with the patient in the prone position. Cystoscopy is needed initially to insert the catheter but not to pass instruments through the sheath. Thus, procedures can be completed in a standard fluoroscopy room.
In brief: This paper discusses ureteropelvic junction obstruction and presents a case report of a young male athlete with a 13-year history of vague abdominal pain associated with long-distance ...running. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction was found to be the cause of his pain. A review of similar cases showed a significant number of patients with vague abdominal pain produced by ureteropelvic junction obstruction. While IVP is the standard for diagnosis, ultrasonography can be a useful screening test. The authors conclude that ureteropelvic junction obstruction should be considered for patients with abdominal pain.
PDF
