Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LncRNA FAL1 has been indicated to promote the progression ...of various cancers. However, the role of lncRNA FAL1 in HCC was poorly understood.
The expression levels of lncRNA FAL1 in HCC tissues and cells were determined by RT-qPCR. The roles of lncRNA FAL1 on HCC cells were investigated by MTT, colony formation, transwell, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. The miRNA binding sites of lncRNA FAL1 was predicted using RegRNA 2.0 and miR-1236 was validated to target lncRNA FAL1 by luciferase reporter assays and RT-qPCR. Finally, the expression levels of lncRNA FAL1 in serum exosome of HCC patients was also investigated and the role of exosome-mediated lncRNA FAL1 was further investigated by co-culturing with HCC cells.
This study first showed that lncRNA FAL1 was up-regulated in HCC tissues and functioned as an oncogene in HCC. LncRNA FAL1 could accelerate cell proliferation and metastasis as a ceRNA mechanism by competitively binding to miR-1236. Moreover, lncRNA FAL1 was also up-regulated in serum exosome of HCC patients and could transfer lncRNA FAL1 to HCC cells to increase their abilities of cell proliferation and migration.
Taken together, this study indicated that lncRNA FAL1 functions as an oncogenic in HCC and may be a novel diagnostic biomarker or a novel target for the treatment of HCC in future.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this study we conducted experiments with saturated columns packed with sand and glass beads to quantitatively examine surface roughness effect on deposition and release of micro- and nano-sized ...colloids at different solution ionic strengths. Experimental results showed more colloid retentions in both primary and secondary energy minima in sand than in glass bead columns, especially at high solution ionic strengths (e.g., >0.01 M). This observation cannot be explained by the classic Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, which assumes sphere-smooth surface configuration. We modified the Derjaguin approximation approach and calculated interaction energies, which indicate that the sharp asperities on sand surfaces can facilitate colloid deposition in primary minima by reducing the energy barrier. In addition, the increased attachment in secondary minima in sand columns can be attributed to the presence of the valleys on sand surfaces where colloids associated at secondary minima can be shielded from hydrodynamic shear. Additional theoretical analysis verified that large valleys can locally increase the energy barrier as well as the secondary-minimum depth, and hence, are favorable for colloid deposition in secondary minima. Whereas the reduction effects of surface roughness on energy barrier has been extensively addressed in the literature, our modified DLVO analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the effect of this mechanism is only effective at high ionic strength for large colloids (e.g., >0.01 M for the 1156 nm colloid in this study). We provide experimental evidence and theoretical demonstration that surface roughness also plays an important role in colloid deposition at secondary minima under unfavorable conditions. Our study provides a more complete understanding of the effect of surface roughness on colloid deposition.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Antibiotics are contaminants of emerging concern due to their potential effect on antibiotic resistance and human health. Antibiotics tend to sorb strongly to organic materials, and biochar, a high ...efficient agent for adsorbing and immobilizing pollutants, can thus be used for remediation of antibiotic-contaminated soil and water. The effect of ionizable antibiotics on surface characteristics and transport of biochar colloids (BC) in the environment is poorly studied. Column experiments of BC were conducted in 1 mM NaCl solution under three pH (5, 7, and 10) conditions in the presence of sulfamethazine (SMT). Additionally, the adsorption of SMT by BC and the zeta potential of BC were also studied. The experimental results showed that SMT sorption to BC was enhanced at pH 5 and 7, but reduced at pH 10. SMT sorption reduced the surface charge of BC at pH 5 and 7 due to charge shielding, but increased surface charge at pH 10 due to adsorption of the negatively charged SMT species. The mobility of BC was inhibited by SMT under acidic or neutral conditions, while enhanced by SMT under alkaline conditions, which can be well explained by the change of electrostatic repulsion between BC and sand grains. These findings imply that pH conditions played a crucial role in deciding whether the transport of BC would be promoted by SMT or not. Biochar for antibiotics remediation will be more effective under acidic and neutral soil conditions, and the mobility of BC will be less than in alkaline soils.
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•Sorption of antibiotics sulfamethazine (SMT), impacts mobility of biochar colloids.•At pH 5, SMT decreased the surface charge of biochar colloids by charge shielding.•At pH 10, sorption of SMT− increased the negative surface charge of biochar colloids.•Biochar colloids mobility was reduced by SMT at pH 5 and 7, but enhanced at pH 10.
Sorption of the antibiotic sulfamethazine controls the surface characteristic and transport behavior of biochar colloids in porous media.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Immune cells residing in white adipose tissue have been highlighted as important factors contributing to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, but the molecular regulators that drive adipose tissue ...immune cell remodeling during obesity remain largely unknown. Using index and transcriptional single-cell sorting, we comprehensively map all adipose tissue immune populations in both mice and humans during obesity. We describe a novel and conserved Trem2+ lipid-associated macrophage (LAM) subset and identify markers, spatial localization, origin, and functional pathways associated with these cells. Genetic ablation of Trem2 in mice globally inhibits the downstream molecular LAM program, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy as well as systemic hypercholesterolemia, body fat accumulation, and glucose intolerance. These findings identify Trem2 signaling as a major pathway by which macrophages respond to loss of tissue-level lipid homeostasis, highlighting Trem2 as a key sensor of metabolic pathologies across multiple tissues and a potential therapeutic target in metabolic diseases.
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•scRNA-seq reveals a dynamic adipose tissue immune cell atlas in mice and humans•Massive induction of a conserved LAM program during obesity•The lipid receptor Trem2 is essential for LAM protective functions•LAMs counteract inflammation, adipocyte hypertrophy, and metabolic disease
A single-cell atlas of human and mouse adipose tissue uncovers protective lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs), which perform lipid uptake and metabolism to prevent adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and systemic metabolic dysregulation in a Trem2 signaling-dependent manner.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The relation between gut microbiota and the host has been suggested to benefit metabolic homeostasis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipocytes facilitate thermogenesis to maintain host core ...body temperature during cold exposure. However, the potential impact of gut microbiota on the thermogenic process is confused. Here, we evaluated how BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) responded to temperature challenges in mice lacking gut microbiota. We found that microbiota depletion via treatment with different cocktails of antibiotics (ABX) or in germ-free (GF) mice impaired the thermogenic capacity of BAT by blunting the increase in the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and reducing the browning process of WAT. Gavage of the bacterial metabolite butyrate increased the thermogenic capacity of ABX-treated mice, reversing the deficit. Our results indicate that gut microbiota contributes to upregulated thermogenesis in the cold environment and that this may be partially mediated via butyrate.
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•Mice lacking gut microbiota have impaired UCP1-dependent thermogenesis in cold•These effects are replicated in germ-free mice treated with CL-316243•IL-4 has no differential effect on energy metabolism in either control or ABX mice•Gavage of ABX mice with butyrate partially rescues the effects on BAT recruitment
Li et al. use different antibiotic recipes and germ-free mice to demonstrate the dependence of UCP1-dependent thermogenesis in the cold on the presence of a healthy gut microbiome. Gavage with butyrate partly rescues the effect, indicating a role for this molecule in normal thermogenic responses to low temperature.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is a hallmark for tumor which contributes to tumorigenesis and progression, but the commonality and difference of lipid metabolism among pan-cancer is not fully ...investigated. Increasing evidences suggest that the alterations in tumor metabolism, including metabolite abundance and accumulation of metabolic products, lead to local immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. An integrated analysis of lipid metabolism in cancers from different tissues using multiple omics data may provide novel insight into the understanding of tumorigenesis and progression.
Through systematic analysis of the multiple omics data from TCGA, we found that the most-widely altered lipid metabolism pathways in pan-cancer are fatty acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and PPAR signaling. Gene expression profiles of fatty acid metabolism show commonalities across pan-cancer, while the alteration in cholesterol metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism differ with tissue origin, suggesting tissue specific lipid metabolism features in different tumor types. An integrated analysis of gene expression, DNA methylation and mutations revealed factors that regulate gene expression, including the differentially methylated sites and mutations of the lipid genes, as well as mutation and differential expression of the up-stream transcription factors for the lipid metabolism pathways. Correlation analysis of the proportion of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the expression of lipid metabolism genes revealed immune-related differentially expressed lipid metabolic genes, indicating the potential crosstalk between lipid metabolism and immune response. Genes related to lipid metabolism and immune response that are associated with poor prognosis were discovered including HMGCS2, GPX2 and CD36, which may provide clues for tumor biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Our study provides an integrated analysis of lipid metabolism in pan-cancer, highlights the perturbation of key metabolism processes in tumorigenesis and clarificates the regulation mechanism of abnormal lipid metabolism and effects of lipid metabolism on tumor immune microenvironment. This study also provides new clues for biomarkers or therapeutic targets of lipid metabolism in tumors.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Endothermy requires a source of endogenous heat production. In birds, this is derived primarily from shivering, but in mammals it is mostly non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). Brown adipose tissue ...(BAT) is a specialized tissue found in Eutherian mammals that is the source of most NST. Heat production in BAT depends primarily on the activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which decouples transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from synthesis of ATP. UCP1 and hence heat production of BAT is regulated by many factors. In this paper we discuss the main factors activating UCP1 and increasing heat production. Probably the most well-known activator is the catecholamine norepinephrine (NE) which is released from sympathetic nerve endings and binds to adrenergic receptors that are abundantly expressed on BAT. NE stimulates release of free-fatty acids. It was previously thought that such FFAs were essential for activation of UCP1. However recent work has suggested intracellular lipolysis is not essential and FFAs can be derived from extracellular sources. Thyroid hormones also exert impacts on metabolic rate via effects on brown adipocytes which express type 2 deiodinase. Knocking out DIO2 makes mice cold intolerant. Parathyroid hormone appears to also be a potent regulator of BAT activity and may be an important mediator of elevated expenditure during cancer cachexia, although this is disputed by observations that cachexia wasting is not blunted in UCP1 KO mice. Cardiac natriuretic peptides have also been implicated in regulating BAT thermogenesis and the interconversion of beige adipocytes from their white to brown form. Activation of BAT thermogenesis may be an important component of the post-ingestion rise in heat production. Recent work suggests the gut derived hormone secretin may play a key role in this effect, directly linking BAT activation to the alimentary tract. Not only gut hormones but also metabolites derived from gut microbiota such as butyrate may be an important activator of BAT during cold exposure. Additional regulatory factors include bone morphogenic proteins, fibroblast growth factor 21, Vascular endothelial growth factors and transient receptor potential vanilloid receptors which are important components of thermal sensing and hence how brown adipose tissue responds to the cold. In the future the main challenge is to understand how these regulatory factors combine with each other and with inhibitory factors to control heat production from BAT, and what their relative importance is in differing circumstances. Knocking out UCP1 has revealed other sources of heat production in BAT including creatine-dependent cycles and a futile cycle of Ca2+ shuttling into and out of the endoplasmic reticulum via the SERCA and ryanodine receptors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Above-ground biomass (AGB) is an important basis for the formation of crop yield. The accurate estimation of maize AGB based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images is important for superior ...varieties selection, field management and maize yield prediction. The previous studies mainly focused on constructing empirical models of AGB by using spectral vegetation indices (VIs), plant height (PH), texture, and is lacked of universality. We conducted the field experiments of maize breeding materials for three years, and obtained UAV digital and multi-spectral images. Considering that the maize AGB before tasseling stage was composed of stem and leaf, we constructed a tridimensional concept model to predict maize AGB coordinated by integrating leaf area index (LAI) and PH, in order to improve the accuracy and universality of UAV data on monitoring maize AGB at multiple growth stages. Firstly, the maize PH was estimated based on the maize canopy height model constructed using the UAV digital images. Secondly, the maize LAI was estimated based on UAV multi-spectrum images and the modified Beer-Lambert law. Finally, the tridimensional concept model of maize AGB was constructed by integrating PH and LAI, and compared with the AGB regression model based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The results showed that the maize PH could be estimated well, and the R², RMSE and rRMSE of the measured and estimated PH were 0.87, 11.17 cm and 16.04% respectively. The LAI could be estimated effectively, and the R², RMSE, and rRMSE of the sample set were 0.78, 0.49 and 30% respectively. Compared with the maize AGB estimation model based on NDVI (R² = 0.79, RMSE = 41.95 g/m², rRMSE = 31.79%), the tridimensional concept model could better estimate the maize AGB (R² = 0.82, RMSE = 38.53 g/m², rRMSE = 29.19%). Testing the tridimensional concept model by stand-alone data of 2019 and 2021 years, the accuracy of the AGB estimation model based on the tridimensional concept was much higher than that of the NDVI model. In conclusion，the tridimensional concept model of maize AGB proposed in this study effectively improved the accuracy, stability and universality, which could provide a reference for the estimation of maize AGB by UAV technology at plot scale of the breeding materials.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Accurate urban land-use mapping is a challenging task in the remote-sensing field. With the availability of diverse remote sensors, synthetic use and integration of multisource data provides an ...opportunity for improving urban land-use classification accuracy. Neural networks for Deep Learning have achieved very promising results in computer-vision tasks, such as image classification and object detection. However, the problem of designing an effective deep-learning model for the fusion of multisource remote-sensing data still remains. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a modified two-branch convolutional neural network for the adaptive fusion of hyperspectral imagery (HSI) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. Specifically, the proposed model consists of a HSI branch and a LiDAR branch, sharing the same network structure to reduce the time cost of network design. A residual block is utilized in each branch to extract hierarchical, parallel, and multiscale features. An adaptive-feature fusion module is proposed to integrate HSI and LiDAR features in a more reasonable and natural way (based on “Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks”). Experiments indicate that the proposed two-branch network shows good performance, with an overall accuracy of almost 92%. Compared with single-source data, the introduction of multisource data improves accuracy by at least 8%. The adaptive fusion model can also increase classification accuracy by more than 3% when compared with the feature-stacking method (simple concatenation). The results demonstrate that the proposed network can effectively extract and fuse features for a better urban land-use mapping accuracy.
Crosstalk between neighboring cells underlies many biological processes, including cell signaling, proliferation and differentiation. Current single-cell genomic technologies profile each cell ...separately after tissue dissociation, losing information on cell-cell interactions. In the present study, we present an approach for sequencing physically interacting cells (PIC-seq), which combines cell sorting of physically interacting cells (PICs) with single-cell RNA-sequencing. Using computational modeling, PIC-seq systematically maps in situ cellular interactions and characterizes their molecular crosstalk. We apply PIC-seq to interrogate diverse interactions including immune-epithelial PICs in neonatal murine lungs. Focusing on interactions between T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and in vivo, we map T cell-DC interaction preferences, and discover regulatory T cells as a major T cell subtype interacting with DCs in mouse draining lymph nodes. Analysis of T cell-DC pairs reveals an interaction-specific program between pathogen-presenting migratory DCs and T cells. PIC-seq provides a direct and broadly applicable technology to characterize intercellular interaction-specific pathways at high resolution.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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