Multiple attribute decision making (MADM) is used to rank the alternatives according to evaluation information based on multiple attributes, and many MADM methods have been studied to deal with the ...MADM problems. In existing MADM methods, when setting different attribute weights, the ranking of alternatives are different. And ranking range can be used to measure a lower bound and an upper bound of rankings of alternatives with the change of the attribute weights. Also, in some real MADM problems, the information on attribute weights may be unknown or partially known, which is called incomplete attribute weight information. Then, this study investigates the ranking range models (RRMs) under incomplete attribute weight information in the selected six MADM methods: Weighted geometric averaging (WGA), Ordered weighted geometric averaging (OWGA), TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE and ELECTRE. Particularly, we can construct several 0‐1 mathematical programming models to compute the ranking range of alternatives under incomplete attribute weight information for the selected six MADM methods. Then, two case studies on project investment and Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) are used to justify the validity of the RRMs under incomplete attribute weight information in the selected six MADM methods.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Reticular chemistry has been focused on making simple structures in which a few kinds of components are linked to make crystals such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). While this chemistry has grown ...into a large field, a more extensive area with fascinating directions is emerging through the introduction of multiplicity and variation into the components of MOFs. When the MOF backbone is composed of more than two kinds of components, the resulting backbone multiplicity is regular repeats of those units. However, when variations involve multiple functionalization of the organic linkers or multiple metalation of metal-containing building units, it results in an aperiodic spatial arrangement of these variations, without altering the regularity of the MOF backbone. Such variance is represented by unique sequences of functionality or metal, and the very aperiodic nature of their spatial arrangement gives rise to anisotropy. These MOF constructs represent a new form of matter in which the sequences of such units are bound to an ordered backbone, thus adding complexity to an otherwise simple system, while preserving its overall crystallinity. It’s worth noting that, when a molecule capable of either continuous or multistate anisotropic motion is integrated within a sequence in a MOF, the resulting property goes beyond what is possible in simple systems. We term this emerging area ‘anisotropic reticular chemistry’.Introducing multiplicity and variation into the components of metal–organic frameworks has emerged as new fascinating directions in reticular chemistry. In this Review, the variances in the framework backbone, functionality and metal, and their leading to sequences of chemical information, are highlighted. Anisotropy in these structures is imposed by the variance and realized along a specific direction.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This article provides a brief tour through the main fuzzy and linguistic decision-making trends, studies, methodologies, and models developed in the last 50 years. Fuzzy and linguistic ...decision-making approaches allow to address complex real-world decision problems where humans exhibit vagueness, imprecision, and/or use natural language to assess decision alternatives, criteria, etc. The aim of this article is threefold. First, the main fuzzy set theory and computing with words-based representation paradigms of decision information, with their different levels of expressive richness and complexity, are reviewed. Second, three core decision-making frameworks are examined: 1) multicriteria decision making; 2) group consensus-driven decision making; and 3) multiperson multicriteria decision making. Third, the article discusses new complex decision-making frameworks that have emerged in recent years, where decisions are guided by the "wisdom of the crowd": their associated challenges are highlighted and considerations on much needed key guidelines for future research in the field are provided.
The study of hesitant consistency is very important in decision-making with hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations (HFLPRs), and generally the normalization method is used as a tool to ...measure the consistency degree of a HFLPR. In this paper we propose a new hesitant consistency measure, called interval consistency index, to estimate the consistency range of a HFLPR. The underlying idea of the interval consistency index consists of measuring the worst consistency index and the best consistency index of a HFLPR. Furthermore, by comparative study, a connection is shown between the interval consistency index and the normalization method, demonstrating that the normalization method should be considered as an approximate average consistency index of a HFLPR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•We propose a linguistic GDM approach based on linguistic distributions and HFLTSs.•Our model aims at maximizing the support degree of the group opinion.•The accuracy of the group opinion in our ...model is guaranteed.•A mixed 0–1 linear programming approach is presented to solve our model.•The use of our model in MAGDM is demonstrated.
The hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) and the linguistic distribution are becoming popular tools to model linguistic expressions with multiple linguistic terms in decision problems. Compared with HFLTSs, linguistic distributions provide more probabilistic preference information over linguistic terms, and are useful to express decision makers' preferences accurately. However, in a group decision context a linguistic distribution based group opinion will bring great difficulty for the group to take an accurate action. Meanwhile, the linguistic group opinion should obtain enough support from decision makers in the group. To tackle these issues, based on the use of linguistic distributions and HFLTSs we propose a new linguistic group decision model called the maximum support degree model (MSDM), aiming at maximizing the support degree of the group opinion as well as guarantying the accuracy of the group opinion. A mixed 0–1 linear programming approach is presented to solve the MSDM, and a feedback adjustment is employed to improve the support degree of the group opinion. Finally, the use of the MSDM in multiple attribute group decision making is demonstrated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (Ph–NO2) to aniline (Ph–NH2) is a model reaction in the field of catalysis, in which the development of efficient catalysts remains a great challenge due to ...the lack of strategies to solve activity and selectivity problems. In this work, the mechanism of Ph–NO2 hydrogenation over Pt1 supported on phosphomolybdic acid (α-PMA) was proposed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that the dissociation of the first and second N–O bonds is triggered by single H-induced and double H-induced mechanisms, respectively. The limiting potential of the reaction process is −0.19 V, which is the smallest potential in the field of Ph–NO2 reduction reaction to date. In the whole reaction process, the catalytic active site is the Pt atom, and polyoxometalate plays the role of an electronic sponge in the reaction. Additionally, based on experimentally confirmed Pt1/Na3PMA, the reduction capacity of Pd1/Na3PMA toward Ph–NO2 was predicted by DFT calculation. The distinctive adsorption patterns of Ph–NO2 on Pt1/Na3PMA and Pd1/Na3PMA were elucidated using the DOS diagram and fragment molecular orbital analysis. We anticipate that our theoretical calculations can provide novel perspectives for experimental researchers.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an important player in innate immunity, and recent studies have identified TLR2 as a critical mediator in cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the involvement ...of TLR2 in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.
TLR2 knockout (TLR2 KO) mice (B6.129-Tlr2(tm1Kir)/) or wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6) treated with neutralizing anti-TLR2 antibody (T2.5) were used. The expression of TLR2 mRNA and protein in the heart was significantly up-regulated on days 1, 3, and 7 after Ang II infusion (1500 ng/kg/min). Enhanced expression of TLR2 was mainly detected in macrophages and neutrophils that had infiltrated into the heart. Both knockout of TLR2 and inhibition of TLR2 by neutralizing antibody ameliorated cardiac fibrosis induced by Ang II. This improvement was associated with a reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB. Bone marrow transplantation experiments between WT and TLR2 KO mice revealed that Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis is mainly mediated by bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells. Mechanically, the deficiency of TLR2 inhibits macrophage-dependent cardiac fibroblast activation through TGFβ/Smad2/3 pathway.
Inhibition of TLR2 protects against Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis by attenuating macrophage recruitment and the inflammatory response in the heart and may be a novel potential therapeutic target for hypertensive heart disease.
This study was conducted to understand the effect of high‐fat diet challenge on lipid accumulation and inflammation in blunt snout bream. Fish (initial body weight: 41.84±0.07g) were fed a control ...diet or a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 9weeks, and the isolated primary hepatocytes were treated with 0.4mM oleic acid (OA) and/or 10ng/ml TNF‐α for 24hr. The results of the growth performance and feed utilization showed that short‐term feeding of HFD could increase energy intake and WGR, but long‐term feeding of HFD could inhibit feed intake. Hepatic steatosis and inflammation were observed in the HFD group according to enzyme activities or transcription levels of the related genes. In vitro, compared to untreated hepatocytes from fish fed a control diet, exposure of hepatocytes to OA could not only induce lipid accumulation but also promote pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α and IL‐6. Increased fatty acid synthesis and decreased fatty acid oxidation were found in hepatocytes treated with TNF‐α alone, and co‐incubation of hepatocytes with OA and TNF‐α had a more substantial impact on lipid metabolism. Taken together, our results indicated that pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α was a crucial mediator of lipid accumulation in the liver of blunt snout bream fed HFD.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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