Diabetes is a disorder of glucose metabolism, and over 90% are type 2 diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the type 2 diabetes complications, usually accompanied by changes in myocardial ...structure and function, together with cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our study investigated the effect of curcumin on regulating oxidative stress (OS) and apoptosis in DCM. In vivo, diabetes was induced in an experimental rat model by streptozoticin (STZ) together with high‐glucose and high‐fat (HG/HF) diet feeding. In vitro, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured with high‐glucose and saturated free fatty acid palmitate. Curcumin was orally or directly administered to rats or cells, respectively. Streptozoticin ‐induced diabetic rats showed metabolism abnormalities and elevated markers of OS (superoxide dismutase SOD, malondialdehyde MDA, gp91phox, Cyt‐Cyto C), enhanced cell apoptosis (Bax/Bcl‐2, Cleaved caspase‐3, TUNEL‐positive cells), together with reduced Akt phosphorylation and increased Foxo1 acetylation. Curcumin attenuated the myocardial dysfunction, OS and apoptosis in the heart of diabetic rats. Curcumin treatment also enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and inhibited acetylation of Foxo1. These results strongly suggest that apoptosis was increased in the heart of diabetic rats, and curcumin played a role in diabetic cardiomyopathy treatment by modulating the Sirt1‐Foxo1 and PI3K‐Akt pathways.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abnormal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is closely associated with the occurrence, development, progression and prognosis of cancer, and aberrant m6A regulators have been identified as novel ...anticancer drug targets. Both traditional medicine-related approaches and modern drug discovery platforms have been used in an attempt to develop m6A-targeted drugs. Here, we provide an update of the latest findings on m6A modification and the critical roles of m6A modification in cancer progression, and we summarize rational sources for the discovery of m6A-targeted anticancer agents from traditional medicines and computer-based chemosynthetic compounds. This review highlights the potential agents targeting m6A modification for cancer treatment and proposes the advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) in the discovery of m6A-targeting anticancer drugs. Three stages of m6A-targeting anticancer drug discovery: traditional medicine-based natural products, modern chemical modification or synthesis, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approaches for the future.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A Ni‐catalyzed hydroarylation of styrenes and 1,3‐dienes with organoboron compounds has been developed. The reaction offers a highly selective approach to diarylalkanes and allylarenes under ...redox‐neutral conditions. In this hydroarylation reaction, a new strategy that uses the proton of methanol to generate the active catalyst species Ni−H was developed. The Ni‐catalyzed hydroarylation, combined with a Ir‐catalyzed C−H borylation, affords a very efficient and straightforward access to a retinoic acid receptor agonist.
OH yeah: A nickel(0)‐catalyzed hydroarylation of alkenes with organoboron reagents using an alcohol OH group as the H‐atom source is reported. The reaction offers a highly selective approach to diarylalkanes and allylarenes under redox‐neutral conditions.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common urological malignancies. While Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 (ISYNA1) expression and function were largely unknown in BCa. We aimed to study the ...expression and role of ISYNA1 in bladder cancer and investigate its potential mechanisms via ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA).
ISYNA1 expression was quantified by qRT-PCR in bladder cancer cell lines as well as normal urothelial cell line. Knocking down ISYNA1 gene in BCa T24 cells was achieved by shRNA lentivirus transfection. MTT and Celigo assay were used to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to test cell cycle and apoptosis. In addition, IPA was performed using PrimeView™ Human Gene Expression Array. Imunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in BCa patient tissue microarray to verify the association between ISYNA1 expression and patients’ clinicopathological features.
ISYNA1 was significantly upregulated in BCa samples vs. para-tumor tissues. Higher expression were significantly associated with tumor T stage and lymph node metastasis of bladder cancer patients. Similarly, it was elevated in BCa cell lines (5637 and T24) compared with SVHUC cells. Knocking down ISYNA1 significantly decreased proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in T24 cells. Furthermore, IPA indicated that ISYNA1 was an important regulatory factors and related networks were involved in multiple functional processes.
Taken together, current study suggest ISYNA1 promotes proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in bladder cancer cells, and its expression correlated with BCa patients’ clinicopathological features. Thus, ISYNA1 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for BCa patients.
•Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 (ISYNA1) promotes proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in bladder cancer cells.•Expression of ISYNA1 is correlated with BCa patients' clinicopathological features.•ISYNA1 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for BCa patients.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper describes the progress of dryland farming development by comparing the ridge‐furrow plastic film mulching (RFM) system with conventional cultivation in the Chinese Loess Plateau, where the ...climate is cool and semi‐arid or subhumid prone to drought, and dryland farming dominates. The barren soil dominated by eolian sedimentary loess is loose and erosive. For thousands of years, increasing human population pressure and high‐intensity disordered land use have led to serious ecosystem degradation. Since the 1950s, large‐scale and long‐term construction of terraced fields have effectively reduced the soil erosion potential, and such fields have become more and more convenient for mechanized large‐area production. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the crop cultivation system based on the RFM has been widely promoted. Compared with previous cropping systems, the crop productivity in the RFM system is double or multiple times greater. Soil moisture has become favorable. Soil organic C content has been controlled or increased. Most importantly, the RFM system has promoted the coordinated development of grain, forage, and livestock, and favorable market results. It has vigorously promoted the fight against poverty and the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in dryland areas. Therefore, ridge‐furrow mulching is the key basis for the sustainable development of the dryland farming system on the Loess Plateau.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Plastic film mulching (PM) suitable in areas with precipitation between 300 and 600 mm.•PM suitable in areas with temperatures of 3–9 °C or aridity index of 0.2–0.4.•PM led to 87.75% of Loess ...Plateau with lower variation and stable maize yields.•PM extends the maize suitable arable land and with 58% higher productivity.
The plastic film mulching (PM) management is being increasingly adopted in the vast rainfed farming regions of China, especially in the Loess Plateau, to obtain high yields. Although many studies have confirmed that PM increases yields and water use efficiency of crops, identifying the most suitable areas for PM and evaluating its performance in improving crop yields on a regional scale have received little attention. A process-based model using 30 years of historical climate data (1980–2010) was applied to evaluate PM crop production improvement in the Loess Plateau, where the annual average air temperature is −9 to 15 °C and precipitation is 100–1000 mm among study points. The well-calibrated and validated model explained 62% of maize production variance. PM showed increases of 4%–254%, with an average 58% increase, in comparison with unmulched management (CK) yields across the study area. Maize production showed a marked increase in the cold and dry western Loess Plateau and only a slight increase in the warm and wet south-eastern Loess Plateau where soil temperature and moisture conditions are already conducive to crop production. When compared with CK inside study area, the average yield using PM increased 66% in the area with precipitation less than 600 mm versus only 20% in the area with precipitation greater than 600 mm. Similarly, PM increased the yield by 73% and 37% over CK in areas with annual average air temperature less than 9 °C and greater than 9 °C, respectively. PM not only increases yield in existing cultivation areas; it also extends the maize suitable arable land. Specifically, PM enabled 2.77% of this study area to produce mature maize where no yield was achieved through CK. PM also led to lower interannual variation and stable yields of maize in 87.75% of the area. However, 9.52% of the area with low precipitation (average precipitation 230 mm) and higher temperatures (average temperature 8.0 °C) showed higher interannual yield variation in PM than CK. Among the areas studied, those with precipitation between 300 and 600 mm, annual average temperatures of 3–9 °C or an aridity index of 0.2–0.4 (semiarid zone) were determined as the most suitable for PM management. Thus, PM offers a potential solution to the problem of food security in areas with similar conditions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Rain-fed agriculture is an important part of the global agriculture system and plays a vital role in ensuring food security. Conservation tillage (CT) is widely used in USA maize cultivation in the ...Mid-west Corn Belt. Meanwhile, Chinese farmers' adoption of CT is limited and plastic film mulching (PM) is widely developed to increase maize yield in northern China. This paper compared the yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) between CT and PM, and analyzed the reasons for the differences in the choice of maize cultivation practice. We collected 767 observations for CT and 217 observations for PM and analyzed how these two tillage practices affected yield. For NUE, there were 66 and 56 observations, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that PM significantly increased maize yield by 36% and NUE by 34% compared with the control, and CT significantly decreased maize yield by 5% and NUE by 15%. The effects of PM on maize yield were mainly determined by growing season precipitation (GSP) and temperature (GST). The yield response ratio was also influenced by the type of plastic film, mulching cycle, pH, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil bulk density. The negative effects of CT on yield could be alleviated under good hydrothermal conditions and with straw mulching. The yield response ratio was also affected by soil texture and N application rate. In conclusion, PM should be applied under limited hydrothermal conditions (GSP < 650 mm or GST < 23 °C), and CT was conducive to higher maize yield under good hydrothermal conditions (GSP > 650 mm or GST > 23 °C) . Besides, the average farm size was positively correlated with the CT total areas.
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•PM increased maize yield and NUE, and CT decreased maize yield and NUE.•GSP and GST were dominated the effects of PM and CT.•The GSP < 650 mm or GST < 23 °C, the effect of PM on yield was better.•CT was conducive to higher yield in areas with GSP > 650 mm and GST > 23 °C.•The average farm size had a strong impact on adoption of CT.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Root system characteristics determine soil space exploration and resource acquisition, and these characteristics include competitive traits that increase individual fitness but reduce population ...performance. We hypothesize that crop breeding for increased yield is often a form of “group selection” that reduces such “selfish” traits to increase population yield. To study trends in root architecture resulting from plant breeding and test the hypothesis that increased yields result in part from group selection on root traits, we investigated root growth and branching behavior in a historical sequence of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars that have been widely grown in northwestern China. Plants were grown in gel‐filled chambers to examine growth angles, numbers, and lengths of seminal roots, and in soil‐filled chambers under eight soil resource levels for fractal analysis of root system architecture. Yield in field was evaluated at standard and low planting densities. Newer cultivars produced higher yields than older ones only at the higher sowing density, showing that increased yield results from changes in competitive behavior. Seminal root number and growth angles were negatively correlated with yield, while primary seminal root length was positively correlated with yield. Roots of higher‐yielding modern varieties were simpler and less branched, grew deeper but spread less laterally than modern varieties. The fractal dimension of root branching was negatively correlated with the yield of cultivars at all resource levels. Root:shoot ratio was negatively correlated with yield under high soil resource levels. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the success of wheat breeding for higher yields over past 100 years in northwestern China has been in part due to unconscious group selection on root traits, resulting in smaller, less branched, and deeper roots, suggesting a direction for further increases in crop yield in the future.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Clarifying the coordination of leaf hydraulic traits with gas exchange across closely‐related species adapted to varying rainfall can provide insights into plant habitat distribution and ...drought adaptation.
The leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), stomatal conductance (gs), net assimilation (A), vein embolism and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration during dehydration were quantified, as well as pressure–volume curve traits and vein anatomy in 10 Caragana species adapted to a range of mean annual precipitation (MAP) conditions and growing in a common garden.
We found a positive correlation between Ψleaf at 50% loss of Kleaf (Kleaf P50) and maximum Kleaf (Kleaf‐max) across species. Species from low‐MAP environments exhibited more negative Kleaf P50 and turgor loss point, and higher Kleaf‐max and leaf‐specific capacity at full turgor, along with higher vein density and midrib xylem per leaf area, and a higher ratio of Kleaf‐max : maximum gs. Tighter stomatal control mediated by higher ABA accumulation during dehydration in these species resulted in an increase in hydraulic safety and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) during drought.
Our results suggest that high hydraulic safety and efficiency combined with greater stomatal sensitivity triggered by ABA production and leading to greater WUEi provides drought tolerance in Caragana species adapted to low‐MAP environments.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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