Owing to its advantages such as simplicity, good sensitivity and ease of operation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been a powerful tool in food safety and verification. However, the ...relatively low sensitivity and accuracy are the main limitations of traditional ELISA, which have hindered its application in food analysis. Thus, it is of ultra-importance to construct effective strategies to solve the problem. Till now, great progress has been made in boosting the accuracy, sensitivity and stability to improve traditional ELISA. Fortunately, the nanomaterials-based ELISA (nano-ELISA) greatly developed ELISA and behaved superior performance. In this review, recent advances about nano-ELISA are discussed in four basic parts including absorbent substrate, recognition element, enzyme label and chromogenic agent as well as the related application in food analysis, which provides a new train of thought and tactics for other techniques such as biosensors in electrochemistry, optics and magnetism.
•Food safety problem: A global issue.•The advances of nano-ELISA in food analysis.•ELISA improvement in the view of nanomaterials.•Role of nano-ELISA and related techniques in biosensor constructions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In seismic exploration, random noise suppression is one of the key problems in seismic data processing. For random noise attenuation, the most important thing is the understanding of seismic random ...noise generation and propagation. Seismic random noise is considered as temporal and spatial random processes, and it can be analyzed only qualitatively for now, due to its high variability. In this paper, we classify seismic random noise sources by their generation factors and simulate the random noise of the desert in West China. According to Green's function, it can be assumed that seismic random noise sources are point-like sources that are distributed around geophones. A seismic random noise record is taken as the superimposed wave field exited by all the independent sources in a homogeneous isotropy half-infinite surface. Based on the wind vibration theory and preliminary study about ambient vibrations, the noise source functions are determined. We obtain the waveforms of different kinds of noise by solving the inhomogeneous wave equations and analyze the characteristics qualitatively and quantitatively. The seismic synthetic record with a 1.6-s time and 250-m distances is obtained, and the characteristics are compared between the simulated and the real noise record in time domain and space domain, respectively. The comparative results show the same characteristics of the simulated noise and the real noise, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method. According to the noise modeling, it is known that the near-field cultural noise is the main component of the random noise in the desert, on the basis of which complex diffusion filtering is selected. The filtered results by complex diffusion filtering is compared with the results of time-frequency peak filtering, which is a popular filtering method of seismic random noise suppression in recent years. The comparative results show that complex diffusion filtering is more suitable for the noise of the desert in the Tarim Basin. This result proves that seismic random noise modeling can provide the guidance for noise attenuation. It lays a foundation for researching the propagation characteristics and better attenuation of seismic random noise in the future.
Zika virus (ZIKV) has evolved into a global health threat because of its unexpected causal link to microcephaly. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that contemporary epidemic strains have accumulated ...multiple substitutions from their Asian ancestor. Here we show that a single serine-to-asparagine substitution Ser139→Asn139 (S139N) in the viral polyprotein substantially increased ZIKV infectivity in both human and mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and led to more severe microcephaly in the mouse fetus, as well as higher mortality rates in neonatal mice. Evolutionary analysis indicates that the S139N substitution arose before the 2013 outbreak in French Polynesia and has been stably maintained during subsequent spread to the Americas. This functional adaption makes ZIKV more virulent to human NPCs, thus contributing to the increased incidence of microcephaly in recent ZIKV epidemics.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this phase 3 study (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT03829969), 514 patients with ...treatment-naïve advanced ESCC were randomized (1:1) to receive toripalimab or placebo in combination with paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, followed by toripalimab or placebo maintenance. At the prespecified final analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), a significant improvement in PFS is observed for the toripalimab arm over the placebo arm (hazard ratio HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46–0.74; p < 0.0001). The prespecified interim analysis of overall survival (OS) also reveals a significant OS improvement for patients treated with toripalimab plus TP over placebo plus TP (HR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43–0.78; p = 0.0004). The incidences of grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events are similar between the two arms. Toripalimab plus TP significantly improves PFS and OS in patients with treatment-naïve, advanced ESCC, with a manageable safety profile.
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•First-line toripalimab plus chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma•Toripalimab plus chemotherapy improves progression-free survival and overall survival•Toripalimab plus chemotherapy is efficacious irrespective of PD-L1 expression•Toripalimab plus chemotherapy shows a manageable safety profile
Wang et al. demonstrate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus paclitaxel/cisplatin as the first-line treatment for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. As compared with paclitaxel/cisplatin alone, toripalimab plus paclitaxel/cisplatin extends progression-free survival and overall survival of the patients irrespective of PD-L1 expression.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Recently, graph convolutional network (GCN) has been applied for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification and obtained better performance. The main issue in HSI classification is that the ...high-resolution HSI contains more complex spectral-spatial structure information. However, the previous GCN-based methods applied in HSI classification only adopted a shallow GCN layer and they cannot extract the deeper discriminative features. In addition, these methods ignored the complementary and correlated information among multiorder neighboring information extracted by multiple GCN layers. In this letter, a novel feature fusion via deep residual GCN is proposed to explore the internal relationship among HSI data. On the one hand, benefiting from residual learning to alleviate the over-smoothing problem, we can construct deep GCN layers to excavate deeper abstract features of HSI. On the other hand, we fuse the outputs of different GCN layers, and thus, the local structural information within multiorder neighborhood nodes can be fully utilized. Extensive experiments on four real HSI datasets, including Indian Pines, Pavia University, Salinas, and Houston University, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared with other state-of-the-art methods in various evaluation criteria.
Worldwide, the effect of climatic variations has become a great challenge in poultry production. As global climate is changing, it alters the environmental temperatures, precipitation patterns and ...atmospheric carbon dioxide. Poultry farming mainly depends on climatic conditions such as temperature and humidity. Several factors can be involved but heat stress is one of most important environmental factor influencing a wide range of chickens performances including reduced feed intake which, in turn, affects growth rate, body weight, meat quality, egg quality, egg production, semen quality and fertility; these negative influences result in great economic losses. Heat stress associated food safety issues have gained special importance due to public awareness and an abundance of available scientific information. Environmental modifications (early heat conditioning, open sheds and cooling systems) and nutritional strategies (early feed restriction, electrolyte, vitamin and mineral balance) cannot satisfy the special needs of stressed poultry. Therefore, there exists a crucial need to explore effective strategies including genetic markers to enhance thermo-tolerance and productivity of poultry birds in hot regions of the world.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Biochar has received increased research attention due to its effectiveness in mitigating the potential risks of mercury (Hg) in agricultural soils. However, there is a lack of consensus on the effect ...of pristine biochar on the net production, availability, and accumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) in the paddy rice-soil system. As such, a meta-analysis with 189 observations was performed to quantitatively assess the effects of biochar on Hg methylation, MeHg availability in paddy soil, and the accumulation of MeHg in paddy rice. Results suggested that biochar application could significantly increase the production of MeHg in paddy soil by 19.01%; biochar could also decrease the dissolved and available MeHg in paddy soil by 88.64% and 75.69%, respectively. More importantly, biochar application significantly inhibited the MeHg accumulation in paddy rice by 61.10%. These results highlight that biochar could decrease the availability of MeHg in paddy soil and thus inhibit MeHg accumulation in paddy rice, although it might facilitate the net production of MeHg in paddy soil. Additionally, results also indicated that the biochar feedstock and its elementary composition significantly impacted the net MeHg production in paddy soil. Generally, biochar with a low carbon content, high sulfur content, and low application rate might be beneficial for inhibiting Hg methylation in paddy soil, meaning that Hg methylation depends on biochar feedstock. These findings suggested that biochar has great potential to inhibit MeHg accumulation in paddy rice, and further research should focus on selecting biochar feedstock to control Hg methylation potential and determine its long-term effects.
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•Biochar could increase the net MeHg production in paddy soils but decrease MeHg availability.•The inhibitory effect of biochar on MeHg accumulation in rice depends on the decreased MeHg availability in paddy soils.•Further research should focus on selecting biochar feedstock with low methylation capacity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
During harvesting and storage, slight bruises on apple surface caused by impact, compression, vibration, or abrasion are inevitable. To find an appropriate method to identify the bruised apples at ...five stages (1 min, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 4 days after bruising), 108 Fuji apples were collected as samples. Hyperspectral images of apples covering the wavelength between 400 and 1000 nm were acquired by the SOC710-VP hyperspectral imaging system. The standard normal variate (SNV) method was utilized for smoothing and denoising of the original hyperspectral data. Classification models, including Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Partial Least Squares Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Classification and Regression Tree (CART), coupled with a variable selection method named Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR), were built to identify the bruised apples. The results showed that the ELM models exhibited the best classification capability, with the mean correct classification rate of 95.97%. The bruised samples are easier to be identified over time. Minimum noise fraction (MNF) method was implemented to classify the bruised region of apples based on the selected wavelengths. The overall classification accuracy of MNF is 92.9%, which indicates that MNF is an effective method for identifying bruised regions of apples.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are integral to a plethora of critical cellular biological processes, including the regulation of gene expression, cell differentiation, and the development of tumors ...and cancers. Predicting the relationships between lncRNAs and diseases can contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of disease and provide strong support for the development of advanced treatment methods.
Therefore, we present an innovative Node-Adaptive Graph Transformer model for predicting unknown LncRNA-Disease Associations, named NAGTLDA. First, we utilize the node-adaptive feature smoothing (NAFS) method to learn the local feature information of nodes and encode the structural information of the fusion similarity network of diseases and lncRNAs using Structural Deep Network Embedding (SDNE). Next, the Transformer module is used to capture potential association information between the network nodes. Finally, we employ a Transformer module with two multi-headed attention layers for learning global-level embedding fusion. Network structure coding is added as the structural inductive bias of the network to compensate for the missing message-passing mechanism in Transformer. NAGTLDA achieved an average AUC of 0.9531 and AUPR of 0.9537 significantly higher than state-of-the-art methods in 5-fold cross validation. We perform case studies on 4 diseases; 55 out of 60 associations between lncRNAs and diseases have been validated in the literatures. The results demonstrate the enormous potential of the graph Transformer structure to incorporate graph structural information for uncovering lncRNA-disease unknown correlations.
Our proposed NAGTLDA model can serve as a highly efficient computational method for predicting biological information associations.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•An integrated route for comprehensive utilization of red mud was proposed.•Sodium salts are favorable to the magnetic separation and acid leaching efficiencies.•Metallic iron powder, TiO2-rich ...residue, silica gel and Al(OH)3 were recovered.
The feasibility of an integrated technological route for comprehensive utilization of red mud was verified in this study. Valuable components in the mud, including Fe2O3, Al2O3 and SiO2 were stepwise extracted by magnetic separation and sulfuric acid leaching from reduced red mud, and meanwhile TiO2 was enriched in the leaching residue. Sodium salts were proved to be favorable for the magnetic separation of metallic iron and the subsequent acid leaching of Al and Si, through facilitating the reduction of iron oxides and the growth of metallic iron grains, together with enhancing the activation of Al and Si components during the roasting process. After reductive roasting in the presence of 6% Na2CO3 and 6% Na2SO4, a magnetic concentrate containing 90.2% iron with iron recovery of 95.0% was achieved from the red mud by magnetic separation. Subsequently, 94.7% Fe, 98.6% Al and 95.9% Si were extracted by dilute sulfuric acid leaching from the upper-stream non-magnetic material, yielding a TiO2-rich material with 37.8% TiO2. Furthermore, value-added products of silica gel and Al(OH)3 were prepared from the leachate by ripening and neutralizing.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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