SPARCL1 is a matricellular protein that mediates the cell–matrix interactions and participates in physiological processes such as cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. However, its role ...in chondrocyte and osteoarthritis (OA) progression has not been fully characterized. We aimed to evaluate the effects of SPARCL1 on OA through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Expression of SPARCL1 was examined in 55 paired human OA samples. Effects of Sparcl1 on chondrocytes were identified in vitro. Intra-articular injection was performed in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mouse model. Alterations of SPARCL1-mediated signaling pathway were identified by RNA-seq analysis. qPCR and western-blot were used to demonstrate the potential signaling pathway.
SPARCL1 expression in the OA cartilage was increased compared with undamaged cartilage. Recombinant Sparcl1 protein induced extracellular matrix degradation in chondrocytes. Furthermore, intra-articular injection of recombinant Sparcl1 protein in ACLT mice could promote OA pathogenesis. Mechanistically, Sparcl1 activated TNF/NF-κB pathway and consequently led to increased transcription of inflammatory factors and catabolism genes of cartilage, which could be reversed by NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11–7082.
SPARCL1 could promote extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory response to accelerate OA progression via TNF/NF-κB pathway.
The current research could help to gain further insights into the underlying molecular mechanism in OA development, and provides a biological rationale for the use of SPARCL1 as a potential therapeutic target of OA.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Unlike cerebellin 1 (Cbln1), which bridges neurexin (Nrxn) receptors and δ-type glutamate receptors in a trans-synaptic triad, Cbln4 was reported to have no or weak binding for the receptors despite ...sharing ∼70% sequence identity with Cbln1. Here, we report crystal structures of the homotrimers of the C1q domain of Cbln1 and Cbln4 at 2.2 and 2.3 Å resolution, respectively. Comparison of the structures suggests that the difference between Cbln1 and Cbln4 in GluD2 binding might be because of their sequence and structural divergence in loop CD. Surprisingly, we show that Cbln4 binds to Nrxn1β and forms a stable complex with the laminin, nectin, sex-hormone binding globulin (LNS) domain of Nrxn1β. Furthermore, the negative-stain electron microscopy reconstruction of hexameric full-length Cbln1 at 13 Å resolution and that of the Cbln4/Nrxn1β complex at 19 Å resolution suggest that Nrxn1β binds to the N-terminal region of Cbln4, probably through strand β10 of the S4 insert.
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•Cbln4 interacts with Nrxn1β, forming a stable complex with the LNS domain of Nrxn1β•Nrxn1β binds to Cbln1 or Cbln4 likely through strand β10 of the S4 insert•Loop CD divergence accounts for differences in Cbln1 and Cbln4 binding to GluD2•A semiquantitative cell surface binding assay is developed
Cbln1 and Cbln4 share high sequence identity but have divergent functions. Zhong et al. find that Cbln4 forms a complex with Nrxn1β. Using crystal structures of the C1q domain of Cbln1 and Cbln4 and negative-stain EM reconstructions of Cbln1 and Cbln4/Nrxn1β, the authors examine similarities and divergence between Cbln1 and Cbln4.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Introduction Age and gender have been reported to have a remarkable impact on bone homeostasis. However, subchondral bone, which plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of OA, ...has been poorly investigated. This study was to investigate age- and gender-related changes of microarchitecture and bone remodeling in subchondral bone in OA. Methods Subchondral trabecular bone (STB) and deeper trabecular bone (DTB) specimens were extracted in the load-bearing region of femoral heads from 110 patients with OA. Micro-CT and histomorphometry were performed to analyze microarchitectural and bone remodeling changes of all specimens. Results Compared to DTB, STB showed more sclerotic microarchitecture, more active bone remodeling and higher frequency of bone cysts. There were no gender differences for both microarchitecture and bone remodeling in STB. However, gender differences were found in DTB, with thinner Tb.Th, higher Tb.N, higher OS/BV and ES/BV in males. In both STB and DTB, no correlation between microarchitecture and age was found in both genders. However, bone remodeling of STB increased significantly with age in males, while bone remodeling of DTB increased significantly with age in females. No age or gender preference was found in subchondral bone cyst (SBC) frequency. The cyst volume fraction was correlated with neither age nor gender. Conclusions There were differences in microarchitecture and bone remodeling between STB and DTB, which may be due to the distinct biomechanical and biochemical functions of these two bone structures in maintaining joint homeostasis. OA changed the normal age- and gender-dependence of bone homeostasis in joints, in a site-specific manner.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
AIMS: In this study, a real‐time fluorescence loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RealAmp) was developed and evaluated for the rapid and quantitative detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ...cubense race 4 (R4) in soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: The LAMP primer set was designed based on previously verified RAPD marker sequences, and the RealAmp assay could specifically detect and distinguish R4 isolates from other related species. The detection sensitivity of the RealAmp assay was approx. 3·82 × 10³copies of plasmid DNA or 10³of spores per gram in artificially infested soil, indicating that the method is highly tolerant to inhibitor substances in soil compared to real‐time PCR. Combining previously published TR4‐specific detection methods with the newly established R4‐specific RealAmp assay, an indirect approach to detect and differentiate ST4 isolates was achieved by comparing the detection results of R4 and TR4 simultaneously. The existence of ST4 isolates in China was subsequently confirmed through the developed approach. CONCLUSION: The developed RealAmp assay has been confirmed to be a simple, rapid and effective method to detect R4 in soil, which facilitates to further identify and distinguish ST4 isolates through the comparative analysis of detection results between TR4 and R4 simultaneously. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The technique is an alternative quantitative detection method, which will be used for a routine detection service for the soil‐borne pathogen in China.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Minimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus correction, has been attracting great interests in the recent decades, due to the potential benefits of less pain, decreased recovery times, smaller scars ...with better cosmesis, and improved early post-operative range of motion. The most recent developments in minimally invasive surgery have evolved into the third generation with modifications of the chevron-type osteotomy. This evidence-based clinical guideline of the third generation minimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus is initiated and developed collectively by the Foot and Ankle Committee of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Foot and Ankle Committee of Sports Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Foot and Ankle Expert Committee of Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Association of the Integrative Medicine. This clinical guideline provides recommendations for indications, contraindications, operative planning and techniques, post-operative management, management of complications, and prognosis of the third generation minimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus.
The Translational Potential of this Article This comprehensive guideline aims to establish standardized recommendations for the indications, contraindications, operative techniques, and post-operative management of the third generation minimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus. By adhering to this guideline, the success rate of the procedure could be maximized. This comprehensive guideline serves as a valuable reference for practitioners interested in or preparing to perform minimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Residual hip dysplasia is the most common underlying condition leading to secondary osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. Subchondral bone alterations in OA secondary to hip dysplasia (HD-OA) are poorly ...investigated. The aim of the present study was to analyse the microarchitecture, bone remodelling and pathological alterations of subchondral bone in femoral heads from patients with HD-OA.
Subchondral bone specimens were extracted from both weight-bearing and non–weight-bearing regions of femoral heads from 20 patients with HD-OA and 20 patients with osteoporotic femoral neck fracture, during hip replacement surgery. Micro-CT and histological examination were performed to assess the microarchitecture and histopathological changes.
The weight-bearing subchondral bone showed significantly more sclerotic microarchitecture and higher bone remodelling level in HD-OA as compared with osteoporosis. In the non–weight-bearing region, the two diseases shared similar microarchitectural characteristics, but higher bone remodelling level was detected in HD-OA. Distinct regional differences were observed in HD-OA, whereas the two regions exhibited similar characteristics in osteoporosis. In addition, HD-OA displayed more serious pathological alterations, including subchondral bone cyst, metaplastic cartilaginous tissue, bone marrow oedema and fibrous tissue, especially in the weight-bearing region.
Osteoarthritic deteriorations of subchondral bone induced by hip dysplasia spread throughout the whole joint, but exhibit region-dependent variations, with the weight-bearing region more seriously affected. Biomechanical stress might exert a pivotal impact on subchondral bone homeostasis in hip dysplasia.
The histomorphometric findings in the project indicate an early intervention for the development of hip dysplasia in clinic.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The three-dimensional design of power transmission and transformation engineering is the mainstream trend of current power engineering design work. Based on the three-dimensional image model for ...power engineering design, path optimization and electrical distance calibration can be carried out more intuitively and conveniently. In this paper, the multi-rotor uav is equipped with sensors to collect image data, and establish a real-time model of the transmission line corridor to provide data support for the three-dimensional design of the transmission project. At the same time, the three-dimensional model is compared with the artificial measured results, and the applicable scope of the uav real-world modeling is summarized.
•Three-dimensional transcritical combustion computation is performed by using LES with a real gas model.•Revelation of coupling dynamics between pressure and velocities, enhancing pressure ...fluctuations.•Discernment that doubling swirl number negligibly affects actual fluctuation process.
This study focuses on the fundamental combustion instability issues in staged combustion for liquid oxygen/kerosene rocket engines. A comprehensive and high-fidelity numerical simulation is conducted based on the Peng-Robinson real gas model. This involves combining the large eddy simulation (LES) method with the eddy-dissipation-concept (EDC) model. This study focuses on both the mixing and combustion processes within the gas-centered liquid-swirl coaxial injector and the influence of the swirl number. The results show that the numerical method can accurately predict the change of thermodynamic properties at transcritical conditions. For the injector under investigation, the dominant frequencies of near-field pressure, axial velocity, and radial velocity all coincide at 1,066 Hz. This indicates that these three parameters are coupled, but no periodic fluctuation processes are evident for tangential velocity and temperature. The time-domain pressure characteristics at monitoring points in various directions are compared and analyzed. These comparisons reveal a robust coupling relationship between pressure and axial velocity. Additionally, the numerical simulation results show that the change of the swirl number conditions at the fuel inlet has negligible effect on the evolutionary characteristics of the injector. It is confirmed that tangential velocity is not the cause of pressure fluctuations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The synthesis of renewable jet fuel from lignocellulosic platform compounds has drawn a lot of attention in recent years. So far, most work has concentrated on the production of conventional jet ...fuels. JP‐10 is an advanced jet fuel currently obtained from fossil energy. Due to its excellent properties, JP‐10 has been widely used in military aircraft. However, the high price and low availability limit its application in civil aviation. Here, we report a new strategy for the synthesis of bio‐JP‐10 fuel from furfuryl alcohol that is produced on an industrial scale from agricultural and forestry residues. Under the optimized conditions, bio‐JP‐10 fuel was produced with high overall carbon yields (≈65 %). A preliminary economic analysis indicates that the price of bio‐JP‐10 fuel can be greatly decreased from ≈7091 US$/ton (by fossil route) to less than 5600 US$/ton using our new strategy. This work makes the practical application of bio‐JP‐10 fuel forseeable.
Bio can be cheaper: A new strategy was reported for the synthesis of JP‐10 fuel from furfuryl alcohol, which in turn can be produced on an industrial scale from agricultural and forestry residues. Compared with the conventional fossil route, the new synthetic strategy has lower projected costs and higher feedstock availability.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
For the first time, Mo modified Rh/SiO2 was found to be an effective catalyst for the aqueous phase selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid to 1,4-pentanediol. Over such a catalyst, high levulinic ...acid conversion (100%) and 1,4-pentanediol yield (70%) can be achieved at low temperature (353 K).
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