Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are in great demand for their impressive successes in serving people's daily life. Concomitantly, recycling the retired LIBs has also aroused the enthusiasm of widespread ...studies due to its great significance in the sustainable development of LIBs. Among the spent LIBs, LiFePO4 (LFP) is the main force because of its widespread use in electric vehicles and grids due to its stability and favorable price. However, considering the low cost of LFP manufacture as well as the abundance of Fe and P, traditional metallurgy processes are not economically feasible for recycling LFP because of high energy consumption and tedious steps. Here, this work proposes a green recycling method to directly regenerate the degraded LFP electrode via an in situ electrochemical process with a functionalized prelithiation separator. Compared with the existing recycling strategies for LFP batteries, the proposed method takes full advantage of the degraded cathode scraps without destroying the original structure, greatly reducing the cost of the remanufacture of the cathode electrodes simply via a prelithiation technique.
Degraded LiFePO4 (D‐LFP) electrodes are directly reassembled into a new battery with a functionalized prelithiation separator and fresh graphite anode. Extra Li+ ions provided by the sacrificial lithium‐containing layer compensate the Li+ loss in the D‐LFP during the initial electrochemical process and thus the capacity of the regenerated battery is largely restored.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes with high capacity have drawn much attention for mitigating cycling and safety crisis of their polycrystalline analogues. However, planar gliding and intragranular ...cracking tend to occur in single crystals with cycling, which undermine cathode integrity and therefore cause capacity degradation. Herein, we intensively investigate the origin and evolution of the gliding phenomenon in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes. Discrete or continuous gliding forms are revealed with new surface exposure including the gliding plane (003) and reconstructed (−108) under surface energy drive. It is also demonstrated that the gliding process is the in-plane migration of transition metal ions, and reducing oxygen vacancies will increase the migration energy barrier by which gliding and microcracking can be restrained. The designed cathode with less oxygen deficiency exhibits outstanding cycling performance with an 80.8% capacity retention after 1000 cycles in pouch cells. Our findings provide an insight into the relationship between defect control and chemomechanical properties of single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Layered transition metal oxide cathodes have been one of the dominant cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries with efficient Li+ intercalation chemistry. However, limited by the weak layered interaction ...and unstable surface, mechanical and chemical failure plagues their electrochemical performance, especially for Ni‐rich cathodes. Here, adopting a simultaneous elemental‐structural atomic arrangement control based on the intrinsic Ni−Co−Mn system, the surface role is intensively investigated. Within the invariant oxygen sublattice of the crystal, a robust surface with the synergistic concentration gradient and layered‐spinel intertwined structure is constructed on the model single‐crystalline Ni‐rich cathode. With mechanical strain dissipation and chemical erosion suppression, the cathode exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 82 % even at the harsh 60 °C after 150 cycles at 1 C. This work highlights the coupling effect of structure and composition on the chemical‐mechanical properties, and the concept will spur more researches on the cathodes that share the same sublattice.
The critical effect of intrinsic surface composition and structure on the properties of single‐crystalline Ni‐rich layered oxides as cathode material for Li‐ion batteries is demonstrated via control of the elemental‐structural surface atomic arrangement. The concomitant concentration gradient and layered‐spinel intertwined structure were thus constructed, enabling the chemical‐mechanical robustness of Ni‐rich cathodes in the electrochemical process.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In overcoming the Li+ desolvation barrier for low‐temperature battery operation, a weakly‐solvated electrolyte based on carboxylate solvent has shown promises. In case of an organic‐anion‐enriched ...primary solvation sheath (PSS), we found that the electrolyte tends to form a highly swollen, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that shows a high permeability to the electrolyte components, accounting for quickly declined electrochemical performance of graphite‐based anode. Here we proposed a facile strategy to tune the swelling property of SEI by introducing an inorganic anion switch into the PSS, via LiDFP co‐solute method. By forming a low‐swelling, Li3PO4‐rich SEI, the electrolyte‐consuming parasitic reactions and solvent co‐intercalation at graphite‐electrolyte interface are suppressed, which contributes to efficient Li+ transport, reversible Li+ (de)intercalation and stable structural evolution of graphite anode in high‐energy Li‐ion batteries at a low temperature of −20 °C.
Inclusion of difluorophosphate anion in the primary solvation sheath of a weakly‐solvated electrolyte helps to switch the swelling properties of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on a graphite (Gr) composite anode. By forming a low‐swelling, Li3PO4‐enriched SEI, reversible Li+ (de)intercalation was enabled at a stable Gr‐electrolyte interface, contributing to improved low‐temperature electrochemical performance of a Li‐ion battery.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of efficient MOF-based electrocatalysts with good stability to produce hydrogen is a great challenge in the field of sustainable energy conversion. Herein, we introduced a controlled ...in-situ sulfurization strategy to generate a highly active and stable hybrid catalyst containing good conductive Fe3S4 ultrasmall nanosheets attached on the surface of 3D MIL-53(Fe) for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic solutions.
Layered transition metal oxide cathodes have been one of the dominant cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries with efficient Li+ intercalation chemistry. However, limited by the weak layered interaction ...and unstable surface, mechanical and chemical failure plagues their electrochemical performance, especially for Ni‐rich cathodes. Here, adopting a simultaneous elemental‐structural atomic arrangement control based on the intrinsic Ni−Co−Mn system, the surface role is intensively investigated. Within the invariant oxygen sublattice of the crystal, a robust surface with the synergistic concentration gradient and layered‐spinel intertwined structure is constructed on the model single‐crystalline Ni‐rich cathode. With mechanical strain dissipation and chemical erosion suppression, the cathode exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 82 % even at the harsh 60 °C after 150 cycles at 1 C. This work highlights the coupling effect of structure and composition on the chemical‐mechanical properties, and the concept will spur more researches on the cathodes that share the same sublattice.
The critical effect of intrinsic surface composition and structure on the properties of single‐crystalline Ni‐rich layered oxides as cathode material for Li‐ion batteries is demonstrated via control of the elemental‐structural surface atomic arrangement. The concomitant concentration gradient and layered‐spinel intertwined structure were thus constructed, enabling the chemical‐mechanical robustness of Ni‐rich cathodes in the electrochemical process.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In order to study the influence of distance weight on ore-grade estimation, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) is used to estimate the Ni grade and MgO grade of serpentinite ore based on a ...three-dimensional ore body model and related block models. Manhattan distance, Euclidean distance, Chebyshev distance, and multiple forms of the Minkowski distance are used to calculate distance weight of IDW. Results show that using the Minkowski distance for the distance weight calculation is feasible. The law of the estimated results along with the distance weight is given. The study expands the distance weight calculation method in the IDW method, and a new method for improving estimation accuracy is given. Researchers can choose different weight calculation methods according to their needs. In this study, the estimated effect is best when the power of the Minkowski distance is 3 for a 10 m × 10 m × 10 m block model. For a 20 m × 20 m × 20 m block model, the estimated effect is best when the power of the Minkowski distance is 9.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Different types of cells uptake fatty acids in response to different stimuli or physiological conditions; however, little is known about context-specific regulation of fatty acid uptake. Here, we ...show that muscle injury induces fatty acid uptake in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) to promote their proliferation and muscle regeneration. In humans and mice, fatty acids are mobilized after muscle injury. Through CD36, fatty acids function as both fuels and growth signals to promote MuSC proliferation. Mechanistically, injury triggers the translocation of CD36 in MuSCs, which relies on dynamic palmitoylation of STX11. Palmitoylation facilitates the formation of STX11/SNAP23/VAMP4 SANRE complex, which stimulates the fusion of CD36- and STX11-containing vesicles. Restricting fatty acid supply, blocking fatty acid uptake, or inhibiting STX11 palmitoylation attenuates muscle regeneration in mice. Our studies have identified a critical role of fatty acids in muscle regeneration and shed light on context-specific regulation of fatty acid sensing and uptake.
The identification of genetic risk subgroups of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) may provide evidence for risk stratification and individualized treatment. We investigated the ...characteristics and prognostic value of tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A deletions in 101 patients with T‐ALL. The CDKN2A deletion was present in 23% (23/101) of T‐ALL by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The most common type of CDKN2A deletion was homozygous deletion (70%, 16/23). A lower frequency of CDKN2A deletion was found in patients with early T‐cell precursor (ETP) ALL than in patients with non‐ETP‐ALL (10.4% vs 34.0%; P = .008). Deletion of CDKN2A was significantly associated with younger age (P = .001), higher white blood cell (WBC) count (P < .001) and higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (P = .002). Patients with CDKN2A deletion had lower 2‐year overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) rates than patients without CDKN2A deletion (2‐year OS: 18.6% ± 8.9% vs 47.4% ± 6.2%, P = .032; EFS: 16.4 ± 8.3 vs 38.6 ± 5.9%, P = .022). In multivariable analysis, CDKN2A deletion was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS (P = .016). In conclusion, adult T‐ALL patients with CDKN2A deletion had a poor prognosis, and these patients might benefit from intensive chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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