Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) develops after joint injury. Specifically, patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have a high risk of developing PTOA. In this review, we outline ...the incidence of ACL injury that progresses to PTOA, analyze the role of ACL reconstruction in preventing PTOA, suggest possible mechanisms thought to be responsible for PTOA, evaluate current diagnostic methods for detecting early OA, and discuss potential interventions to combat PTOA. We also identify important directions for future research. Although much work has been done, the incidence of PTOA among patients with a history of ACL injury remains high due to the complexity of ACL injury progression to PTOA, the lack of sensitive and easily accessible diagnostic methods to detect OA development, and the limitations of current treatments. A number of factors are thought to be involved in the underlying mechanism, including structural factors, biological factors, mechanical factors, and neuromuscular factor. Since there is a clear "start point" for PTOA, early detection and intervention is of great importance. Currently, imaging modalities and specific biomarkers allow early detection of PTOA. However, none of them is both sensitive and easily accessible. After ACL injury, many patients undergo surgical reconstruction of ACL to restore joint stability and prevent excessive loading. However, convincing evidence is still lacking for the superiority of ACL-R to conservative management in term of the incidence of PTOA. As for non-surgical treatment such as anti-cytokine and chemokine interventions, most of them are investigated in animal studies and have not been applied to humans. A complete understanding of mechanisms to stratify the patients into different subgroups on the basis of risk factors is critical. And the improvement of standardized and quantitative assessment techniques is necessary to guide intervention. Moreover, treatments targeted toward different pathogenic pathways may be crucial to the management of PTOA in the future.
The electrosorption performances of different ions in a capacitive deionization process were studied. The hydration ratio, i.e., the ratio of hydrated radius to ion radius, significantly affects the ...electrosorption capacity and selectivity. In a mono-ionic solution, ions with low hydration ratios exhibit high electrosorption capacities. The electrosorption capacity demonstrates a negative linear relationship with the hydration ratio for both anions and cations. In a multi-ionic solution, the monovalent ions with low hydration ratios exhibited high electrosorption selectivity. Divalent ions adsorb more easily onto electrode surface than monovalent ions do, resulting in higher electrosorption selectivity. In the late period of the electrosorption, the adsorbed ions were partly substituted by ions with lower hydration ratios or a higher valence. The hydration ratio and valence affect the ions' electrostatic attraction to the electrodes, determining the electrosorption capacity and selectivity of ions in capacitive deionization.
The hydration ratio, i.e., the ratio of hydrated radius to ion radius, significantly affects the electrosorption capacity and selectivity. Monovalent ions with a low hydration ratio exhibit high adsorption capacity and selectivity. The adsorbed ion is easily substituted by ions with lower hydration ratios or a higher valence. Display omitted
•Electrosorption selectivity in a competitive multi-ionic solution was studied.•Monovalent ions with a low hydration ratio exhibit high selectivity.•Divalent ions demonstrate higher selectivity than monovalent ions.•The adsorbed ion is easily substituted by ions with lower hydration ratios.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and lethal clinical subtype and lacks effective targeted therapies at present. Isobavachalcone (IBC), the main active component of Psoralea ...corylifolia L., has potential anticancer effects. Herein, we identified IBC as a natural sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibitor and characterized the potential mechanisms underlying the inhibition of TNBC. Molecular dynamics analysis, enzyme activity assay, and cellular thermal shift assay were performed to evaluate the combination of IBC and SIRT2. The therapeutic effects, mechanism, and safety of IBC were analyzed in vitro and in vivo using cellular and xenograft models. IBC effectively inhibited SIRT2 enzyme activity with an IC50 value of 0.84 ± 0.22 μM by forming hydrogen bonds with VAL233 and ALA135 within its catalytic domain. In the cellular environment, IBC bound to and stabilized SIRT2, consequently inhibiting cellular proliferation and migration, and inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by disrupting the SIRT2/α‐tubulin interaction and inhibiting the downstream Snail/MMP and STAT3/c‐Myc pathways. In the in vivo model, 30 mg/kg IBC markedly inhibited tumor growth by targeting the SIRT2/α‐tubulin interaction. Furthermore, IBC exerted its effects by inducing apoptosis in tumor tissues and was well‐tolerated. IBC alleviated TNBC by targeting SIRT2 and triggering the reactive oxygen species ROS/β‐catenin/CDK2 axis. It is a promising natural lead compound for future development of SIRT2‐targeting drugs.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•A high-capacity iron oxide adsorbent with low cost was prepared.•Ethanol treatment changed adsorbent microstructure and inhibited crystallization.•Ethanol treatment increased surface ...area and adsorption capacity significantly.•Adsorption occurred by exchange of F− with OH− groups on adsorbent surface.•Achieved high F− adsorption in wide pH range and in the presence of co-anions.
A novel iron oxide adsorbent with a high fluoride adsorption capacity was prepared by a facile wet-chemical precipitation method and ethanol treatment. The ethanol-treated adsorbent was amorphous and had a high specific surface area. The adsorption capacity of the treated adsorbent was much higher than that of untreated adsorbent. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent prepared at a low final precipitation pH (≤9.0) and treated with ethanol reached 60.8mg/g. A fast adsorption rate was obtained, and 80% of the adsorption equilibrium capacity was achieved within 2min. The adsorbent had high fluoride-removal efficiency for water in a wide initial pH range of 3.5–10.3 and had a high affinity for fluoride in the presence of common co-anions. The ethanol treatment resulted in structure transformation of the adsorbent by inhibiting the crystallization of the nano-precipitates. The adsorption was confirmed to be ion exchange between fluoride ions and the hydroxyl groups on the adsorbent surface.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
To perform a meta-analysis comparing the structural progression and clinical symptom outcomes as well as adverse events experienced from intra-articular injections of sprifermin compared to a placebo ...treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
We systematically searched the literature for studies that compared long-term outcomes between sprifermin and placebo injections for KOA treatment. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan5.3 using an inverse variance approach with fixed or random effects models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated.
Eight studies were included. Overall, there was significantly less improvement of WOMAC total scores in patients receiving sprifermin, compared with the placebo (mean difference (MD) = 3.23, 95% CI 0.76-5.69; I
= 0%; P = 0.01). Further, sprifermin injection patients gained more, and lost less, cartilage thickness and volume in total femorotibial joint (cartilage thickness: standardized mean differences (SMD) = 0.55, 95% CI 0.26-0.84; I
= 78%; P = 0.0002; cartilage volume: SMD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.58; I
= 49%; P < 0.0001). Changes in the cartilage surface morphology of the medial tibio-femoral joint (MD = -0.30, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.16; I
= 0%; P < 0.0001) and patello-femoral joint (MD = -0.22; 95% CI -0.37 to -0.07; I
= 0%; P = 0.004) showed a significant difference between the sprifermin and placebo injections. Moreover, there were no significant differences between sprifermin and the placebo in the risk of treatment-emergent adverse events (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 0.52-2.14; I
= 48%; P = 0.89).
The data from the included studies provide strong evidence to determine the effect of intra-articular sprifermin on joint structure in individuals with KOA and show no specific adverse effects. Nevertheless, intra-articular sprifermin did not likely have any positive effect on symptom alleviation.
Branch canker diseases are important in forest ecosystems, causing economic and ecological losses. Members of Cytospora are common on cankered branches and associated with the diseases. ...Investigations on Cytospora cankers were conducted in Tibet, China, during 2022 and 2023. Samples were collected from Euonymus japonicus, Larix gmelinii, Malus pumila, M. spectabilis and Rosa omeiensis f. pteracantha, and cultures were obtained and identified by morphological features and molecular phylogeny of a combination of internal transcribed spacer region rDNA (ITS), the partial actin (act) region, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) gene, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene and the partial beta-tubulin (tub2) gene. As a result, a new species is proposed herein named Cytospora lhasaensis and four known species are described for the first time from Tibet, viz. C. euonymina, C. gigaspora, C. mali and C. schulzeri. The current research enhances our understanding of the Cytospora species associated with woody host diseases in Tibet, China.
A novel bimetallic oxide adsorbent was synthesized by the co-precipitation of Fe(II) and Ti(IV) sulfate solution using ammonia titration at room temperature. The influences of the washing and drying ...methods, Fe/Ti molar ratio, and calcination temperature used in the preparation on the morphology, crystallization, surface structure and adsorption capacity were investigated. An optimized Fe―Ti adsorbent had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 47.0mg/g, which was much higher than that of either a pure Fe oxide or Ti oxide adsorbent. There was a synergistic interaction between Fe and Ti in which Fe―O―Ti bonds on the adsorbent surface and hydroxyl groups provide the active sites for adsorption, and Fe―O―Ti―F bonds were formed by fluoride adsorption. The novel Fe―Ti adsorbent is efficient and economical for fluoride removal from drinking water.
A novel Fe―Ti oxide nano-adsorbent was synthesized by co-precipitation, which had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 47.0mg/g at optimized condition. The Fe―O―Ti bond in the Fe―Ti adsorbent supported the active site (Fe―O―Ti―OH) for fluoride adsorption by forming a Fe―O―Ti―F bond on the adsorbent surface. Display omitted
► A novel and costless Fe―Ti oxide nano-adsorbent was synthesized. ► The optimized Fe―Ti adsorbent had a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 47.0mg/g. ► Fe and Ti in the adsorbent showed a remarkable synergistic interaction. ► The formed Fe―O―Ti in Fe―Ti adsorbent provided active sites of Fe―O―Ti―OH.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Climate change has resulted in frequent heavy and prolonged rainfall events that exacerbate waterlogging stress, leading to the death of certain alpine
trees. To shed light on the physiological and ...molecular mechanisms behind waterlogging stress in woody
trees, we conducted a study of
, a well-known alpine flower species. Specifically, we investigated the physiological and molecular changes that occurred in leaves of
subjected to 30 days of waterlogging stress (WS30d), as well as subsequent post-waterlogging recovery period of 10 days (WS30d-R10d). Our findings reveal that waterlogging stress causes a significant reduction in CO
assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) in the WS30d leaves, by 91.2%, 95.3%, 93.3%, and 8.4%, respectively, when compared to the control leaves. Furthermore, the chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content in the WS30d leaves decreased by 13.5% and 16.6%, respectively. Both WS30d and WS30d-R10d leaves exhibited excessive H
O
accumulation, with a corresponding decrease in lignin content in the WS30d-R10d leaves. At the molecular level, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, photosynthesis, and photosynthesis-antenna protein pathways were found to be primarily involved in WS30d leaves, whereas phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, and cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in WS30d-R10d leaves. Additionally, both WS30d and WS30d-R10d leaves displayed a build-up of sugars. Overall, our integrated transcriptomic, physiological, and metabolomic analysis demonstrated that
is susceptible to waterlogging stress, which causes irreversible detrimental effects on both its physiological and molecular aspects, hence compromising the tree's ability to fully recover, even under normal growth conditions.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Alpine Rhododendron species are prominent constituents and renowned ornamental plants in alpine ecosystems. Consequently, evaluating the genetic variation in embolism resistance within the genus ...Rhododendron and predicting their adaptability to future climate change is important. Nevertheless, the assessment of embolism resistance in Rhododendron species remains limited. This investigation aimed to examine leaf vulnerability to embolism across ten alpine Rhododendron species, which are frequently employed as ornamental species in Rhododendron forests in Southwest China. The study analyzed the correlation between embolism resistance and various morphological traits, while also conducting water control experiments to evaluate the relationship between embolism resistance and drought resistance. The outcomes indicated pronounced variations in leaf vulnerability to embolism among species, as reflected by the water potential at 50% of embolized pixels (P50). Furthermore, the leaf P50 exhibited a significant positive correlation with vessel diameter (D) (R2 = 0.44, P = 0.03) and vessel wall span (b) (R2 = 0.64, P = 0.005), while displaying a significant negative correlation with vessel reinforcement ((t/b)2) (R2 = 0.67, P = 0.004). These findings underscore the reliability of selecting species based on embolism vulnerability to preserve the diversity of alpine ecosystems and foster resilience to climate change.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In recent years, petal blight disease caused by pathogens has become increasingly epidemic in Rhododendron. Breeding disease-resistant rhododendron is considered to be a more environmentally friendly ...strategy than is the use of chemical reagents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the response mechanisms of rhododendron varieties to petal blight, using transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. Specifically, we monitored changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation in Rhododendron ‘Xiaotaohong’ petals infected with the Alternaria sp. strain (MR-9). The infection of MR-9 led to the development of petal blight and induced significant changes in gene transcription. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly enriched in the plant–pathogen interaction pathway. These DEGs were involved in carrying out stress responses, with genes associated with H2O2 production being up-regulated during the early and late stages of infection. Correspondingly, H2O2 accumulation was detected in the vicinity of the blight lesions. In addition, defense-related genes, including PR and FRK, exhibited significant up-regulated expression during the infection by MR-9. In the late stage of the infection, we also observed significant changes in differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs), including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and terpenes. Notably, the levels of euscaphic acid, ganoderol A, (−)-cinchonidine, and theophylline in infected petals were 21.8, 8.5, 4.5, and 4.3 times higher, respectively, compared to the control. Our results suggest that H2O2, defense-related genes, and DAM accumulation are involved in the complex response mechanisms of Rhododendron ‘Xiaotaohong’ petals to MR-9 infection. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of petal blight disease and may have practical implications for developing disease-resistant rhododendron varieties.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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