Yoga has become prevalent as a fitness choice in China. Its commercial development is based on imported knowledge and is also constructed through a traditional way of interpretation, reflecting the ...localization of an “exotic” body technique. Although the related literature focuses primarily on Western and South Asian societies, the subjectivities of a new yoga “school” require examination for a better evaluation of present theory. By combining historical analysis, personal interviews, and auto-ethnography, this article investigates yoga from different perspectives to illustrate the practice’s social connotations. Particularly, this study shows how yoga has experienced continuous translation and transformation during the interaction of interpreters and learners, and eventually become a consumption category associated with “wellness” and “elegance.” Incorporating ontological anthropology and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory, this article defines yoga as a multi-faceted habitus mediated among scenarios constructed by different actors, which sets with the time lag between the Chinese present and the past originated from the west and India. In this process of cross-cultural practice, yoga reveals two sets of conflicting values that embody the particularities of Chinese discourse.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Urbanization and climate change are together exacerbating water scarcity-where water demand exceeds availability-for the world's cities. We quantify global urban water scarcity in 2016 and 2050 under ...four socioeconomic and climate change scenarios, and explored potential solutions. Here we show the global urban population facing water scarcity is projected to increase from 933 million (one third of global urban population) in 2016 to 1.693-2.373 billion people (one third to nearly half of global urban population) in 2050, with India projected to be most severely affected in terms of growth in water-scarce urban population (increase of 153-422 million people). The number of large cities exposed to water scarcity is projected to increase from 193 to 193-284, including 10-20 megacities. More than two thirds of water-scarce cities can relieve water scarcity by infrastructure investment, but the potentially significant environmental trade-offs associated with large-scale water scarcity solutions must be guarded against.
Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) is a promising cryptographic primitive which significantly enhances the versatility of access control mechanisms. Due to the high expressiveness of ABE policies, the ...computational complexities of ABE key-issuing and decryption are getting prohibitively high. Despite that the existing Outsourced ABE solutions are able to offload some intensive computing tasks to a third party, the verifiability of results returned from the third party has yet to be addressed. Aiming at tackling the challenge above, we propose a new Secure Outsourced ABE system, which supports both secure outsourced key-issuing and decryption. Our new method offloads all access policy and attribute related operations in the key-issuing process or decryption to a Key Generation Service Provider (KGSP) and a Decryption Service Provider (DSP), respectively, leaving only a constant number of simple operations for the attribute authority and eligible users to perform locally. In addition, for the first time, we propose an outsourced ABE construction which provides checkability of the outsourced computation results in an efficient way. Extensive security and performance analysis show that the proposed schemes are proven secure and practical.
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•Branched structure drastically reduces the interfacial tension at high concentrations.•Branched structure decreases the saturation coverage of surfactants.•Steric effect of branched ...structure increases the interfacial coverage.•Steric effect of branched structure inhibits the aggregation of surfactant molecules.•Branched structure favors formation of hydrogen bonds between surfactant and water.
Surfactant flooding has been widely employed to recover the residual oil in the oilfields. Among the various oil-displacing chemicals, olefin sulfonate isomers have been identified as effective chemical agents by many experiments due to the realization of low interfacial tension (IFT) at the oil–water interface, and tolerance for high salinity and high temperature under reservoir conditions. The molecular architecture (e.g. degree of branching) of the surfactant can significantly affect the oil–water interfacial properties and hence its performance. Herein, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the adsorption processes of alpha olefin surfactant (AOS with single-tailed structure) and internal olefin surfactant (IOS with twin-tailed structure) at the oil (n-decane) - water interface under oil reservoir condition. The results show that IOS can significantly reduce the IFT at high concentrations, and the formed monolayers at the interface are more stable compared with AOS. The steric hindrance effect by the short chain of IOS can inhibit the aggregation behavior, thus leading to larger interfacial coverage, which are favorable to separation of the water and decane phases. The larger distance between the headgroups of IOS molecules is conducive to formation of hydrogen bonds between the surfactant and water molecules, and hence enhances the interaction between the IOS and water molecules at the inerface. Based on the analysis of order parameter, the middle segment of AOS molecules and the long chain of IOS molecules are mainly contributed to the Van der Waals’ interaction between the surfactant alkyl tails and decane molecules. Meanwhile, the twin-tailed structure of IOS has more favorable effective alkyl tail length (i.e. better miscibility with the oil phase) compared with the single-tailed structure of AOS. Consequently, the twin-tailed structure is superior to the single-tailed structure in terms of interfacial performance, and it is strongly suggested for the design of advanced surfactants in EOR implementation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The dynamic metallurgical characteristics of the selective laser melting (SLM) process offer fabricated materials with non-equilibrium microstructures compared to their cast and wrought counterparts. ...To date, few studies on the precipitation kinetics of SLM processed heat-treatable alloys have been reported, despite the importance of obtaining such detailed knowledge for optimizing the mechanical properties. In this study, for the first time, the precipitation behavior of an SLM fabricated Al–Mn–Sc alloy was systematically investigated over the temperature range of 300–450 °C. The combination of in-situ synchrotron-based ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the continuous evolution of Al6Mn and Al3Sc precipitates upon isothermal heating in both precipitate structure and morphology, which was confirmed by ex-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. A pseudo-delay nucleation and growth phenomenon of the Al3Sc precipitates was observed for the SLM fabricated Al–Mn–Sc alloy. This phenomenon was attributed to the pre-formed Sc clusters in the as-fabricated condition due to the intrinsic heat treatment effect induced by the unique layer-by-layer building nature of SLM. The growth kinetics for the Al6Mn and Al3Sc precipitates were established based on the in-situ X-ray studies, with the respective activation energies determined to be (74 ± 4) kJ/mol and (63 ± 9) kJ/mol. The role of the precipitate evolution on the final mechanical properties was evaluated by tensile testing, and an observed discontinuous yielding phenomenon was effectively alleviated with increased aging temperatures.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Data deduplication is a technique for eliminating duplicate copies of data, and has been widely used in cloud storage to reduce storage space and upload bandwidth. Promising as it is, an arising ...challenge is to perform secure deduplication in cloud storage. Although convergent encryption has been extensively adopted for secure deduplication, a critical issue of making convergent encryption practical is to efficiently and reliably manage a huge number of convergent keys. This paper makes the first attempt to formally address the problem of achieving efficient and reliable key management in secure deduplication. We first introduce a baseline approach in which each user holds an independent master key for encrypting the convergent keys and outsourcing them to the cloud. However, such a baseline key management scheme generates an enormous number of keys with the increasing number of users and requires users to dedicatedly protect the master keys. To this end, we propose Dekey , a new construction in which users do not need to manage any keys on their own but instead securely distribute the convergent key shares across multiple servers. Security analysis demonstrates that Dekey is secure in terms of the definitions specified in the proposed security model. As a proof of concept, we implement Dekey using the Ramp secret sharing scheme and demonstrate that Dekey incurs limited overhead in realistic environments.
Although 7055 aluminum alloy is a deformed aluminum alloy and shows excellent mechanical properties after recrystallization and large deformation, through this method, its application range is ...enriched if rare earth is added, and the rare earth phase dispersion is promoted by heat treatment. This article used optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro Vickers hardness, and room temperature stretching methods to study the as-cast 7055-
Er (
= 0 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, 0.4 wt.%, 0.6 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%) aluminum alloy after being subjected to 460 °C × 3 h homogenization and 410 °C × 1 h solid solution + 150 °C × 12 h aging treatment for the changes in its microstructure and properties. The results indicated that: when 0.2 wt.%Er was added to 7055 aluminum alloy after a solution at 410 °C × 1 h and aging at 150 °C × 12 h, the dendrite structure was significantly reduced, the grain thinning was obvious, and the distribution was uniform; the Al
Cu
Er phase appeared in the lamellar eutectic
-Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)
structure at grain boundaries, and the hardness reached 168.8 HV. The yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation were 542.12 MPa, 577.67 MPa, and 8.36%, respectively.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers the opportunity to delineate individual-specific brain networks. A major question is whether individual-specific network ...topography (i.e., location and spatial arrangement) is behaviorally relevant. Here, we propose a multi-session hierarchical Bayesian model (MS-HBM) for estimating individual-specific cortical networks and investigate whether individual-specific network topography can predict human behavior. The multiple layers of the MS-HBM explicitly differentiate intra-subject (within-subject) from inter-subject (between-subject) network variability. By ignoring intra-subject variability, previous network mappings might confuse intra-subject variability for inter-subject differences. Compared with other approaches, MS-HBM parcellations generalized better to new rs-fMRI and task-fMRI data from the same subjects. More specifically, MS-HBM parcellations estimated from a single rs-fMRI session (10 min) showed comparable generalizability as parcellations estimated by 2 state-of-the-art methods using 5 sessions (50 min). We also showed that behavioral phenotypes across cognition, personality, and emotion could be predicted by individual-specific network topography with modest accuracy, comparable to previous reports predicting phenotypes based on connectivity strength. Network topography estimated by MS-HBM was more effective for behavioral prediction than network size, as well as network topography estimated by other parcellation approaches. Thus, similar to connectivity strength, individual-specific network topography might also serve as a fingerprint of human behavior.
Global signal regression (GSR) is one of the most debated preprocessing strategies for resting-state functional MRI. GSR effectively removes global artifacts driven by motion and respiration, but ...also discards globally distributed neural information and introduces negative correlations between certain brain regions. The vast majority of previous studies have focused on the effectiveness of GSR in removing imaging artifacts, as well as its potential biases. Given the growing interest in functional connectivity fingerprinting, here we considered the utilitarian question of whether GSR strengthens or weakens associations between resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and multiple behavioral measures across cognition, personality and emotion.
By applying the variance component model to the Brain Genomics Superstruct Project (GSP), we found that behavioral variance explained by whole-brain RSFC increased by an average of 47% across 23 behavioral measures after GSR. In the Human Connectome Project (HCP), we found that behavioral variance explained by whole-brain RSFC increased by an average of 40% across 58 behavioral measures, when GSR was applied after ICA-FIX de-noising. To ensure generalizability, we repeated our analyses using kernel regression. GSR improved behavioral prediction accuracies by an average of 64% and 12% in the GSP and HCP datasets respectively. Importantly, the results were consistent across methods. A behavioral measure with greater RSFC-explained variance (using the variance component model) also exhibited greater prediction accuracy (using kernel regression). A behavioral measure with greater improvement in behavioral variance explained after GSR (using the variance component model) also enjoyed greater improvement in prediction accuracy after GSR (using kernel regression). Furthermore, GSR appeared to benefit task performance measures more than self-reported measures.
Since GSR was more effective at removing motion-related and respiratory-related artifacts, GSR-related increases in variance explained and prediction accuracies were unlikely the result of motion-related or respiratory-related artifacts. However, it is worth emphasizing that the current study focused on whole-brain RSFC, so it remains unclear whether GSR improves RSFC-behavioral associations for specific connections or networks. Overall, our results suggest that at least in the case for young healthy adults, GSR strengthens the associations between RSFC and most (although not all) behavioral measures. Code for the variance component model and ridge regression can be found here: https://github.com/ThomasYeoLab/CBIG/tree/master/stable_projects/preprocessing/Li2019_GSR.
•Global signal regression improves RSFC-behavior associations.•Global signal regression improves RSFC-based behavioral prediction accuracies.•Improvements replicated across two large-scale datasets and methods.•Task-performance measures enjoyed greater improvements than self-reported ones.•GSR beneficial even after ICA-FIX.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Understanding spatiotemporal urbanization is one of the key questions related to sustainable urbanization in the drylands of northern China (DNC). However, urban expansion in the DNC has not been ...quantified and assessed effectively due to a lack of reliable data and methods. In this paper, we investigate urban expansion in the DNC at multiple scales, ranging from the whole region to four dryland subtypes, and six urban agglomerations in the DNC from 1992 to 2015. We also simulate urban expansion in the DNC from 2015 to 2050 by coupling the scenario framework of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) with the Land Use Scenario Dynamics-urban (LUSD-urban) model. Despite of the uncertainty in the research, our findings provide useful insight into the past and the future urban expansion in the DNC. The results indicate that the urban land in the DNC expanded rapidly from 4110 km2 in 1992 to 20,969 km2 in 2015. Furthermore, the urban land in the DNC will continue to expand from 20,969 km2 to 22,987–36,622 km2 by 2040, with an annual growth of 80.72–403.48 km2 under all SSPs. Thus, it is suggested that effective measures are urgently needed to facilitate sustainable urban development in the DNC.
•The urban expansion from 1992 to 2050 in the DNC was investigated and simulated.•The urban land in the DNC expanded from 4110 km2 in 1992 to 20,969 km2 in 2015.•Urban land would continue expanding to 22,987–36,622 km2 by 2040 under all SSPs.•It is crucial for DNC to transform into sustainable pathway before 2030.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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