This study presents a fast and simple estimation method for dosimetry assessment of a clothed human body exposed to electromagnetic fields in millimeter-wave bands. A multivariate regression ...algorithm was given instead of conventional numerical methods for the first time, which utilized the exact value of skin surface temperature rise that was computed by the Monte-Carlo method by changing the oblique incidence wave angle, the cross-polarization power ratio, and the air gap spacing from the cloth to the body. The detailed formula for bioheat transfer analysis considering the abovementioned key parameters is first introduced. Then, a polynomial function is derived by multivariate regression analysis using the simulation result to estimate the skin temperature rises under various exposure conditions and scenarios. In comparison with those results obtained by the traditional methods, the proposed regression algorithm significantly reduced the expense of computational resources. The results estimated using the developed function show a maximum error of less than 0.013 °C for the skin tissues of different body parts and different cloth materials, demonstrating that the proposed method is easy and efficient for the estimation of a high degree of skin temperature rise in a relatively complicated radio-wave exposure environment in millimeter-wave bands.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the mainstream power source for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with relatively superior performance. However, LIBs experience battery aging and performance ...degradation due to the external environment and internal factors, which should be reflected in the evaluation of the state of health (SOH). Accurately predicting SOH can improve the overall life of the battery and support safe driving in BEVs. At present, while there are many prediction methods for SOH, most are implemented in simulated environments but are challenging to execute in actual industrial production. This review provides a discussion on the aging reasons for LIBs, introduces the SOH prediction method based on the classification framework, and analyzes the key benefits and drawbacks of each method. Finally, the corresponding suggestions and solutions are given in combination with the actual industrial production.
•Deficiencies of the existing SOH prediction review are highlighted.•The cause of battery aging is discussed.•The differences and links between SOH and RUL are explained.•The current SOH prediction method based on the classification framework is discussed in detail.•The systematic evaluations and recommendations for the current SOH forecasting method, in conjunction with actual commercial and industrial conditions, are provided.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The uncontrolled release of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals into the environment is a worldwide increasing problem. Thus, highly efficient treatment technologies for wastewater are urgently needed. ...In this work, seven kinds of typical antibiotics (including water and alcohol soluble ones) are successfully separated from the corresponding aqueous and ethanolic solutions using highly regular laminated membranes. Our membranes are assembled with 2–4 μm titanium carbide nanosheets. The solvent permeance through such titanium carbide membrane is one order of magnitude higher than that through most polymeric nanofiltration membranes with similar antibiotics rejection. This high flux is due to the regular two‐dimensional (2D) structure resulting from the large aspect ratio of titanium carbide nanosheets. Moreover, the electrostatic interaction between the surface terminations and the antibiotics also affects the rejection and enhances the antifouling property. Such 2D titanium carbide membranes further broaden the application scope of laminated materials for separation and purification of high value added drugs in academia and industry.
A laminated membrane with a highly regular 2D structure assembled by MXene nanosheets with a high lateral ratio shows a one order of magnitude higher solvent permeance than that through most polymeric nanofiltration membranes with similar antibiotic rejection.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Primary lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Approximately 60% of lung cancer patients have distant metastasis at the initial diagnosis, so it is necessary to find new ...tumor markers for early diagnosis and individualized treatment. Tumor markers contribute to the early diagnosis of lung cancer and play important roles in early detection and treatment, as well as in precision medicine, efficacy monitoring, and prognosis prediction. The pathological diagnosis of lung cancer in small biopsy specimens determines whether there are tumor cells in the biopsy and tumor type. Because biopsy is traumatic and the compliance of patients with multiple biopsies is poor, liquid biopsy has become a hot research direction. Liquid biopsies are advantageous because they are nontraumatic, easy to obtain, reflect the overall state of the tumor, and allow for real-time monitoring. At present, liquid biopsies mainly include circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, microRNA, circulating RNA, tumor platelets, and tumor endothelial cells. This review introduces the research progress and clinical application prospect of liquid biopsy technology for lung cancer.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
De-identification is the first step to use these records for data processing or further medical investigations in electronic medical records. Consequently, a reliable automated de-identification ...system would be of high value.
In this paper, a method of combining text skeleton and recurrent neural network is proposed to solve the problem of de-identification. Text skeleton is the general structure of a medical record, which can help neural networks to learn better.
We evaluated our method on three datasets involving two English datasets from i2b2 de-identification challenge and a Chinese dataset we annotated. Empirical results show that the text skeleton based method we proposed can help the network to recognize protected health information.
The comparison between our method and state-of-the-art frameworks indicates that our method achieves high performance on the problem of medical record de-identification.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a severe complication following esophagectomy with high mortality. Perioperative decreased serum albumin level is considered a predictive of AL, however, its impact on AL ...incidence in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is not well defined.
The data of 318 consecutive esophageal cancer patients who underwent MIE were collected retrospectively from January 2021 to December 2021. The perioperative level of albumin was detected and the baseline of altering levels for albumin was established. The incidence of postoperative complications and survival rate were analyzed between groups.
After exclusion, 137 patients were enrolled and assigned to more decreased albumin (MA) and less decreased albumin (LA) groups. The levels of albumin descended significantly after MIE (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the clinicopathologic characteristics or surgical outcomes between groups. The incidence of postoperative AL was 10.2% in MA group and 1.4% in LA group (p = 0.033). Three patients died due to AL in MA group, while no mortality was observed in LA group (p = 0.120). The rate of other postoperative complications was similar between groups. Progression-free survival (PFS) in LA group was a little higher than that in MA group, but it was no significant difference (p = 0.853). Similarly, no difference was observed in overall survival (OS) between groups (p = 0.277).
Severely deficient serum albumin after MIE was an indicator of AL in esophageal cancer patients treated with NCT.
Chinese clinical trial registry: ChiCTR2200066694, registered December14th,2022. https://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=185067&htm=4 .
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The perfectly matched layer (PML) has the ability to terminate the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) lattice successfully. It is crucial to investigate the interaction between ...electromagnetic waves and the PML. Utilizing the Runge–Kutta method of order 2 accuracy, we derive a novel and efficient complex frequency‐shifted (CFS) PML implementation algorithm, which is named the RK‐PML. To validate the RK‐PML, we provide two numerical examples, which include rectangular waveguide and plasma cube truncated by the PML. By analyzing the time‐domain relative reflection errors, the frequency‐domain reflection coefficients, the computational time, and the memory footprint, the proposed RK‐PML outperforms slightly the convolutional PML (CPML).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nitrogen fixation is one of the most important issues but a long-standing challenge in chemistry. Here, we propose FeN3-embedded graphene as the catalyst for nitrogen fixation from first-principles ...calculations. Results show that in view of the chemical coordination, the FeN3 center is highly spin-polarized with a localized magnetic moment substantially to promote N2 adsorption and activate its inert N-N triple bond. The synergy between the graphene and FeN3 equips the system with novel features for the catalytic conversion of the activated N2 into NH3 via a six-proton and six-electron process, following three possible reaction pathways at room temperature. Our findings provide a rational paradigm for catalytic nitrogen fixation that would be conducive to ammonia production.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are crucial in fuel cells. Developing metal-free catalyst with high activity at low-cost and high-volume production remains a great challenge. Here, we ...report a novel type of nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon nanosheets derived from a conveniently available and accessible plant, Typha orientalis. The nanosheets have high surface area (the highest surface area can be 898 m super(2) g super(-1)), abundant micropores and high content of nitrogen (highest content of 9.1 at.%). The typical product exhibits an unexpected, surprisingly high ORR activity. In alkaline media, it exhibits similar catalytic activity but superior tolerance to methanol as compared to commercial 20% Pt/C. In acidic media as well, it shows excellent catalytic ability, stability and tolerance to methanol. This low-cost, simple and readily scalable approach provides a straightforward route to synthesize excellent electrocatalysts directly from biomass, which may find broad applications in the fields of supercapacitors, sensors, and gas uptake.
Hardware implementation of artificial synaptic devices that emulate the functions of biological synapses is inspired by the biological neuromorphic system and has drawn considerable interest. Here, a ...three‐terminal ferrite synaptic device based on a topotactic phase transition between crystalline phases is presented. The electrolyte‐gating‐controlled topotactic phase transformation between brownmillerite SrFeO2.5 and perovskite SrFeO3−δ is confirmed from the examination of the crystal and electronic structure. A synaptic transistor with electrolyte‐gated ferrite films by harnessing gate‐controllable multilevel conduction states, which originate from many distinct oxygen‐deficient perovskite structures of SrFeOx induced by topotactic phase transformation, is successfully constructed. This three‐terminal artificial synapse can mimic important synaptic functions, such as synaptic plasticity and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity. Simulations of a neural network consisting of ferrite synaptic transistors indicate that the system offers high classification accuracy. These results provide insight into the potential application of advanced topotactic phase transformation materials for designing artificial synapses with high performance.
A ferrite synaptic transistor with topotactic transformation is presented. The electrolyte‐gating‐controlled topotactic phase transformation between the brownmillerite SrFeO2.5 and perovskite SrFeO3−δ is confirmed by the crystal and electronic structure measurements. This ferrite synaptic transistor can mimic important synaptic functions such as synaptic plasticity and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity.
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