Vegetation restoration on degraded lands has been encouraged worldwide due to its ecological services and function of controlling soil erosion and improving carbon (C) stocks in terrestrial ...ecosystems. Although the processes of runoff and sediment detachment and transport are well recognized, the effects of vegetation restoration on organic C loss through soil erosion are not fully understood within a given landscape. This study conducted a synthesis from 66 sites to evaluate the effects of vegetation restoration on annual C loss induced by soil erosion across the key areas of the ‘Grain for Green’ Program (GGP) in the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed that vegetation restoration has significantly reduced the annual C loss in sediment and from runoff. Since 2000, a total of 8.6 × 106 ha degraded land has been converted to forests, shrubs and grasslands under the GGP, which has reduced runoff by 1.5 × 109 m3 and is associated with 7.3 × 103 Mg C; furthermore, lost sediment has reduced by 348.7 Tg, which is associated with 1.8 Tg C per year, across the Loess Plateau. In the zone with a mean annual precipitation (MAP) < 550 mm, the degraded lands that have been converted to grasslands and shrubs have reduced more soil and water losses than have the lands that have been converted to forests; additionally, in the zone with a MAP >550 mm, the degraded lands that have been converted to forests have less soil erosion than do the lands that have been converted to grasslands and shrubs. Moreover, C loss induced by soil erosion was mainly affected by plant cover, soil porosity, slope, land-use change, and rainfall intensity on the Loess Plateau. This study suggests that optimal vegetation restoration measures should be adopted based on local conditions to reduce C loss induced by soil erosion.
•Vegetation restoration significantly reduced C loss in annual runoff and sediment.•Vegetation restoration driven by land-use changes could reduce the soil erosion.•Soil, topography, land uses and rainfall intensity affecting soil erosion induced C loss.•Optimal vegetation restoration measures should be adopted based on local conditions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
High performance dual function of polyaniline (PANI) with brachyplast structure is synthesized by using a two-step cyclic voltammetry (CV) approach onto the fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) glass ...substrate, which acts as the sensitizer and p-type hole-transporting material (p-HTM) for the all-solid-state perovskite-sensitized solar cell (ass-PSSC) due to its π–π* transition and the localized polaron. The ass-PSSC based on the PANI delivers a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 7.34%, and reduces from 7.34% to 6.71% after 1000 h, thereby 91.42% of the energy conversion efficiency is kept, indicating the device has a good long-term stability.
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•Polyaniline with brachyplast structure was electropolymerized and characterized.•The polyaniline acted as the sensitizer and p-type HTM for the ass-PSSC.•The ass-PSSC delivered a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 7.34%.•The ass-PSSC demonstrated a good long-term stability after 1000 h.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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•The regulation of gut microbiota by edible mushroom.•The affection of different edible mushrooms on the gut microbiota in different diseases.•Introducing a perspective application of ...edible mushrooms as adjuvant therapies in clinical treatments.
Edible mushrooms as valuable health foods have potential beneficial effects, and these beneficial activities are connected with the modulation of gut microbiota. In this review, we discuss the regulation of gut microbiota by edible mushroom. Ganoderma lucidum increases Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio, and promote the growth of anti-inflammatory and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria. Hericium erinaceus maintains intestinal barrier integrity, and increases the diversity and richness of gut microbiota. Lentinula edodes act as a prebiotic, increases SCFA-producing bacteria and regulates the proportion of Bacteroides/Firmicutes. Grifola frondosa increases the ratio of Bacteroides/Firmicutes, the growth of anti-inflammatory and SCFA-producing bacteria. We also discuss the effects of different edible mushrooms on the gut microbiota in different diseases and introduce a perspective application of mushrooms as adjuvant therapies for modulating gut microbiota in clinical treatments. Summarized, the statement in modulation of gut microbiota composition by edible mushrooms will provide a new perspective for further research.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Lead-doped TiO 2 nanofibers (TNFs) are fabricated by using an electrospun method, followed by the in situ preparation of perovskite-sensitized photoanode for use in perovskite solar cells (PSC). The ...electrospun TNFs can provide direct pathways for the rapid collection and transmission of photogenerated electrons. The photoanode based on the in situ method shows not only excellent contacting between the TNF and perovskite, but also abundant perovskite filling in it. These can be conducive not only to the separation and transmission of the electron and hole, but also to the absorption and utilization of sunlight. Finally, a high performance PSC with the cell efficiency of 9.03% is obtained without any hole transporting materials.
•The CAP could partially replace plant proteins in practical diets of juvenile Jian carp.•The CAP supplementation have positive effect on nutrition metabolism, antioxidant capacity.•The CAP ...supplementation had no pathological damage to the liver and intestines.
A ten-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the supplementation of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) in practical diets on the growth performance, serum chemical parameters, antioxidant status and histopathological examination of the liver and midgut in juvenile Jian carp. Five isnitrogenous and isenergetic diets were formulated with graded levels of CAP (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg) to replace plant proteins. The results showed that, final body weight, percent weight gain, specific growth rate, protein retention value, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor were significantly improved in fish fed with CAP, while feed conversion ratio was the opposite(P < 0.05). Visceral somatic index was significantly decreased in the fish fed with CAP (P < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol and total triglyceride contents were significantly increased with increasing dietary CAP levels, and serum lactate dehydrogenase showed an opposite trend (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, aspartate aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased with increasing dietary CAP levels (P < 0.05). The serum activities of the catalase were significantly increased with an increase in CAP levels (P < 0.05); however, malondialdehyde contents showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of growth-related genes (PepT-1, PepT-2 and IGF-1), Nrf2 signaling pathway-related genes (Nrf2, Cu/Zn-SOD, HO-1, GPx, Mn-SOD and CAT) and TOR signaling pathway-related genes (TOR, 4E-BP2 and S6K1) were improved by the addition of dietary CAP (P < 0.05). Furthermore, from histological examination, CAP had no obvious effect on the liver and midgut. The present results indicated that CAP supplementation in practical diets has a beneficial effect on growth performance and antioxidant capacity and does not have an obvious effect on the liver and midgut in juvenile Jian carp. This study has shown the potential of converting industrial waste into a high protein feed ingredient for aquafeeds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The mesoporous carbon nanofibers (MCFs) with large cage-like pores have been fabricated by thermally treating electrospun fibers of polyvinyl alcohol containing tin compound. During the process, tin ...oxide is reduced to melting tin and the carbon is activated to form the porous carbon. The results of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy at different temperatures show that particles of SnO2 (∼1.9nm) exist in the fibers at 300°C while mixtures of Sn and SnO with rod-like shapes appear in the matrix when the fibers are heated at 400°C, and that Sn migrates to the surface of fibers and pores are formed in the fibers at higher temperature. Specific surface area of MCFs can reach 800m2g−1 and the average diameter of interior pores is about 10.3nm while the entrance pores are small. The specific capacitance of MCFs is 105Fg−1 and the fabricated symmetrical capacitors exhibit high-rate capacitive properties and excellent stability, Pt nanoparticles which can be densely loaded on MCFs exhibit relatively high activity and stability toward electro-oxidation of methanol, which indicate that MCFs may be used as electrodes for high-rate energy storage and support for catalyst. This approach may be extended to prepare other porous carbon materials.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Graphene-modified carbon fiber mats (GCFMs) with high conductivity of about 65
S
cm
−1 and good flexibility have been fabricated by thermally treating electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers decorated ...with graphene oxide. Pt particles were then deposited on the GCFM by using formaldehyde vapor as a reducer to react with H
2PtCl
6·6H
2O adsorbed on the GCFM. The obtained electro-catalytic electrodes were characterized and evaluated. The results show that the Pt catalyst loaded on GCFM exhibits high electro-catalytic activity, good tolerance towards reaction intermediates and unusually high stability towards methanol electrochemical oxidation because the special structure of GCFM can stabilize the Pt particles, and that the charge transfer resistance between the methanol and the catalytic electrode is as small as 15.7
Ωcm
2. An electrochemical catalyst with high activity and stability can be developed by using GCFM as a supporting material.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Perovskite-sensitized nanoporous TiO 2 photoanode of several micrometers thickness was prepared for the first time by an in situ technique. The excellent contact between the TiO 2 and perovskite ...could be beneficial to the separation and transmission of the electron and hole while the sufficient filling and abundant CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 could enhance the absorption and utilization of sunlight to finally obtain an efficient perovskite solar cell. Note that 10.03% of cell efficiency was achieved without adding hole transporting material into the device.
Research shows that the head posture not only contains important interpersonal information but also is an external manifestation of human psychological activities. Head posture plays an important ...role in automotive safety, smart home, and other intelligent environments. Rf-based posture recognition method provides a non-contact and privacy protection method to detect and monitor human activities. However, how to separate weak activity state information from reflected signals has been a big challenge for this kind of method. This paper proposes HeadSee, a passive human head gesture sensing system built on a cheap commodity RFID device. Without attaching any device to the human body, HeadSee using ICA extracts the weak reflected RF signals from the human body for gesture sensing. And then HeadSee carefully models the head movement by utilizing the signal’s phase/RSS (received signal strength) changes and successfully quantifies the head gesture with continuous sequences of movement states. Extensive experiments show that even with interfering movements from other body parts, HeadSee can still achieve around 91% recognition accuracy of the head gestures.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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•Polypyrrole (PPy) is deposited on carbon fibers (CFs) by monomer vapor polymerizing.•Property and morphology of PPy/CFs are affected by the concentration of used oxidant.•Flexible ...wire-shape capacitor based on PPy/CFs exhibits good capacitive performances.
Polypyrrole (PPy) has been deposited on the carbon fibers (CFs) via chemical oxidation of monomer vapor strategy, during which FeCl3·6H2O in acetonitrile adsorbed on CFs acts as oxidant to polymerize the pyrrole vapor. The morphologies and capacitive properties of the PPy deposited on CFs (PPy/CFs) are strongly influenced by the concentration of oxidant used in the process. The assembled flexible capacitors by using PPy/CFs as electrodes and LiCl/polyvinyl alcohol as gel electrolyte have been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the composites of PPy/CFs prepared by using 350mgmL−1 FeCl3·6H2O as oxidant (PPy/CFs-350) exhibit relatively higher specific capacitance and good rate capability. Compared with PPy/CFs prepared by electrochemical deposition (retaining 5% of the initial capacitance), the PPy/CFs prepared by chemically polymerizing monomer vapor shows excellent stability (retaining 85% of initial capacitance after 5000 cycles). Furthermore, cells fabricated by PPy/CFs show a fairly good performance under various bending states, three cells of PPy/CFs-350 connected in series can light up a light emitting diode with a voltage threshold of about 2.5V for approximate 10min after being charged for about 3min, revealing the potential of the cells’ practical applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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